Math T Chapter 1

PREPARED BY:
ANDREW SIEW
DARREN HIIH
1.1 Functions
1.2 Polynomial and Rational
Functions
1.3 Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions
1.4 Trigonometric Functions
Relationship
𝑦=
Domain={x|x∈R, x≥0}
Range ={y|y∈R, y≥0}
One-to-one Relation One-to-many Relation
a d a c
b e d
c f b e
Domain Range Domain Range
Many-to-one Relation Many-to-many Relation
a d a d
b b e
c e c f
Domain Range Domain Range
To determine whether or not an equation in x and y defines a
functions, we can use the vertical-line test.
y y
Only one
intersection point
More than two

intersection
point
x 0 x
0
y²=4x
y=x³
y²=4x does not define y as a function of x.

y=x³ defines y as a function of x
To determine whether or not a function is one to one function, we can
use the horizontal-line test.
Only one y More than
y
intersection point y=x² one
intersection
point
x
x 0
0
y=x³
y=x³ defines a one-to-one function y=x² does not define a one-to-one function
Inverse Functions
If f:xs a one-to=one function, its inverse function is denoted by
If f is a one-to-one
• The domain of
• The range of
Example
A function f if defined by f:x
Find .
Solution
Let y=
f(y) = x
=x
3-y =
y=3-
3-
The below result can be written as
= ( x - 2 )( x² - x +3) + 4
Given that p(x) = + 3x³ - 12x² - 7x +
6, factorise p(x) completely.
The constant in p(x) is 5. If

(x-k) is a factor of p(x), then
the value of k can be ±1,
±2, ±3 or ±6. This will help
us to minimize the
possibilities of determining
a factor of p(x) using trial
and error.
Given that p(x) = + 3x³ - 12x² - 7x +
6, factorise p(x) completely.
Partial Fractions
Type 1: Denominator with linear factors
Eg :
Let
2x+3 A(x-2) + B(x-1)
Partial Fractions
Type 2 : Denominator with repeated linear factors
x - 5x + 6 A + B(x+1)(x-1) + C (x+1)
Partial Fractions
Type 3: Denominator with non-linear factor
A ) +(Bx+C)(x-2)
Partial Fractions
Type 4 : Degree of denominator less than or equal to numerator
where is larger than

By long division,
= Quotient (x) +
Type 1, Type 2 or Type 3
Solving Polynomial and Rational
Inequalities
An inequality involving polynomial and rational expressions can be
solved by
a) Using a number line
b) Using the graphical method
Find the set of values of x for which .
-
0 + - - -
+ +
- -
- - +
-
-7 -3 1
+ - + -
Hence, the required set of values of x is {x|x}

Inequalities Involving Modulus
• Applying the properties of modulus
Find the set of values of x for which |6-2x| x+4
• Squaring both side of inequality
• Using the graphical method
1.3:Exponential and Logarithm
Functions
Graph of exponential functions
From the graph……
• Y increases sharply when x increases.
• X-axis is the horizontal asymptotes.
• Y-intercept is e^0,which is 1.
• The domain of the graph is {x|xЄR}.
• The range of the graph is {y|yЄR,y>0}
Variation of the graph:
Graph of Logarithm Functions
• The domain of the graph is {x|x>0}.
• The above condition indicates that Y-axis is asymptotes of
the function.
• The range of the graph is {y|y Є R}.
• The X-intercept of the graph is 1.
Variation of the graph:
Relation between exponential and
logarithm
• ln function is the inverse function of e^x.
How to prove it???
• f(x)=e^x
• Let f^-1(x)=y,
• f(y)=x
• e^y=x
• y=lnx
• f^-1(x)=lnx
Example!!!
• (a)f(x)=(e^-x) -1
• (b)f(x)=(e^x+2)+1
• (c)f(x)=ln(x+3)+2
Answer:(a)
Answer:(b)
Answer:(c)
Rules of logarithm
• If x=a^n,then .
• +
• -
Properties of Exponents and
Logarithms
• (A^m)×(A^n)=A^(m+n)
• (A^m)÷(A^n)=A^(m-n)
• (A^m)^n=(A)^mn
• (AB)^n=(A^n)(B^n)
• (A/B)^n=(A^n)/(B^n)
Change of bases of logarithms
Question time……
• (a)
• (b) log2(x – 2) + log2(x – 5) = log2(x – 1) + log2(x + 6)
• (c)-1)=2
Answer:(a)
Answer:(B)
• log2(x – 2) + log2(x – 5) = log2(x – 1) + log2(x + 6)
• log2(x – 2) (x – 5) = log2(x – 1) (x + 6)
• (x-2)(x-5)=(x-1)(x+6)
• (X^2)-7X+10=(X^2)+5X-6
• -12X=-16
• X=4/3(rejected,the value of x will cause the logarithm be negative
which is undefined.Hence,no solution set for x.)
Answer:(c)
• -1)=2
• -1)=
• )=
• x/x-1=4
• x=4x-4
• x=4/3
Sine Graph:
Properties of Sine function:
• Periodic with a period of 2π
• Maximum and minimum values of the function are 1 and -1
respectively.
Cosine Graph:
Properties of Cosine function:
• Periodic with a period of 2π
• Maximum and minimum values of the function are 1 and -1
respectively.
Tangent graph:
Properties of Tangent function:
• The function is periodic with a period of π
• The function does not have a maximum of minimum values.
• The asymptotes of the function are , and so on.
Question time!!!
• (a)y = 2 sin x
• (b)y=
Answer:(a)
Answer:(b)
Trigonometric Definitions and Basic
Identities
Signs of trigonometric values for
each quadrant
Second Quadrant First Quadrant
Only sin is positive All are positive
Third Quadrant Fourth Quadrant
Only tan is positive Only cos is positive

Pythagorean identities
Time to apply concept!
• (a)
ANSWER(A)
Compound-Angle Formulae
Double-angle formula
•
•
•
QUESTION TIME
• (a)
• (b)5
Extra exercise
• (a)2,
• (b)2
ANSWER(A)
ANSWER(B)

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Domain Range Domain Range

Many-to-one Relation Many-to-many Relation

More than two

y²=4x does not define y as a function of x.

The constant in p(x) is 5. If

where is larger than

Hence, the required set of values of x is {x|x}

Only sin is positive All are positive

Third Quadrant Fourth Quadrant

Only tan is positive Only cos is positive

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