L20a and b_Development of Surfaces
L20a and b_Development of Surfaces
Pyramid
Cone Cylinder
Sector of a circle with radius Rectangle with length &
equal to slant height and arc breadth equal to
equal to circumference of circumference of base and
base curve of cone height of cylinder
Outline of the
object is marked on
L a flat sheet. Which
is then folded to
L fabricate the object
R
F P
R
B
B
2p
L R B B B
B
L
L
q = 360.(R/L)
B
DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES
FOR SIMPLE SOLIDS
AXIS
PATH OF XH
REVOLUTION YHR
H
F
F XF
ØH Y
TL
TL AXIS
H YR
ØH
YF
YFR 34
Lecture 20: Development of Surfaces (by Dr.
K.V.Harish, Civil Engineering)
Getting True Lengths
YH
X
AXIS
XH YHR
H
F X
F F
Ø Y TL
O
YR
TL
H
OF YF YFR
ZH XF
XH ZHR TL
H
Z F
F XF ZF ZFR
Y
TL
H
YF
ZF ZFR
Methods of Development of Surfaces
5 4 3
6 2
NO
7 1 COMPUTATION !!!
8 12 A large number of
generators
9 10 11 g
required.
g f f f
e e e
d d d
c c c
b
b
a a b a
7 6 5 4 32 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1
8 9 101112
Line 1-1 in the developed surface is the stretch-out line,
Join points a,b, c …b, a by a smooth curve.
Lecture 20: Development of Surfaces (by Dr. K.V.Harish, Civil Engineering)
39
Better Depiction of Case 1: Truncated Cylinder
7 5 4 3
6 6
2
5 7 1
8 4 8 12
9 11
9 10 H
3 F
10
11 2
1
12
7
1 7 9,5 11,3 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1
10
Lecture 20: Development of Surfaces (by Dr. K.V.Harish, Civil En 40
gineering)
Case 1: Other information of a Truncated Cylinder
R H1
Side Surface
H2 H2
H1
H2
6 1
d d
c c c
What is
in TL is b b b
importan
t?
a a a
5 4 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 1 2
6 3
Line 2-2 in the developed surface is the stretch-out line
Lecture 20: Development of Surfaces (by Dr. K.V.Harish, Civil Engineering) 43
4
Case 2b: Truncated Hexagonal Prism 3
5
2
6
3,C 2,B
1
4,D 1,A
D A
E F
H
F 5,E 6,F 3
4
4 2
4
5,3 3 5
2 6 1
6,2
1 1 1
4 5 D C,E B,F A A B C D E F A
6 A D
3 F
1 A
2
F E
O AI
CH DI
DH
OH
BH AH
H OI
F OF
CI
TL
BI
B A
AR
C D BF,CF AF,DF AI
OT
A1 Seam line O1
BT AT A1
Be
nd
lin
e
OF
D1
B1
C1
B F , CF AF, DF
C1 B 1 A1 D1
ET FT
Case 3c: Truncated Right Pyramid:
Lateral Surface Development
KT LT
MT N A1 F1
DT OT T AT
E1
JT N1
HT L1
CT BT D1
OF
K1
MF M1 C1
JF J1
J1
HF H O1 H1
1
B1
NF
N1
DF EF,CF FF,BF AF Lecture 20: Development of Surfaces (by Dr. K.V.Harish, Civil En
gineering) A1
48
Case 3c: Truncated Right Pyramid: Top & Bottom Surface F1
A1
Seam line
Side Surface
E1
ET FT N1
LT Bottom Surface
KT
L1
D1
DT MT OT NT
AT
JT K1
HT C1
M1
CT BT J1
OF
O1 H1
B1
MF
Top Surface
JF JR
N1
Seam line
HF A1
HR
Note that OA in Front View is in TL
Also BC in Top View is in TL
NF
Using this information, the development of the whole (un-truncated)
DF AF pyramid is drawn
CT BT
Case 3d: Octagonal Pyramid: Lateral Surface Development
4
5 3
8 7
1
6 O 2 6
5
7 TL2 1
8
O O 4
O
3
TL1
TL1
2
6 5 4 1 2 8 1 62 3 4 1
7 8 3 7 5
Lecture 20: Development of Surfaces (by Dr. K.V.Harish, Civil 50
Engineering)
TA111/101A ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Lecture 20b: Development of Surfaces
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠
𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝜃)=360× * But, this cannot be done
𝑆𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 h𝑒𝑖𝑔h𝑡
in TA111/101A course
3
AI
1I
Case 4c: 9’H
10’H
11’H
25
Oblique Cone
• Defined by Base Diameter & Height
• Slant side (i.e., distance from apex
to the circumference of base) are
NOT equal within one-half of the
base
• Axis (i.e., line joining the apex with
the centre of base) is NOT
perpendicular to the horizonal or
base
Not in TL
CF
1F 3F 5F 7F 9F10F DF D 9 7 5 3 1 C
TRANSITION PIECES
Two rectangular
portions of
different
dimensions
(axis symmetrical)
7
5
12
9
3
8
5 4 3 2
1 1 1
2 11
6 7 8 2
11 9 10 9 10
12 10