BUILDING

MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION TO
BUILDING MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS
Definition of BMS and its role in modern buildings:
 A building management system (BMS) is a control system that can be used to monitor and
manage the mechanical, electrical and electromechanical systems and services in a facility.
Such services include power; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC); physical
access control; fire safety systems; water pumps; elevators; and lights.
 A BMS is also called a building automation system or computerized maintenance management
system. These systems collect data from around a building or facility and monitor it for any
abnormalities. If the data falls outside the predetermined ranges, indicating possible problems,
the system sends an alert to building or equipment managers.
 Depending on the system, BMS software can be installed as a standalone application or
integrated with other monitoring programs. More advanced BMS applications monitor and
manage a range of building services across multiple platforms and protocols. They provide
facility administrators with a single, shared view of the facility's operations.
The role of BMS in modern buildings are:
1. Energy Management
 Optimization of Energy Usage: BMS helps monitor and control energy consumption, ensuring that lighting, HVAC, and other
systems operate efficiently, reducing waste and costs.
 Demand Response: It can adjust energy usage based on peak demand times to lower utility costs or respond to environmental
regulations.
 Renewable Integration: BMS can also facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources, such as solar power, by managing
energy production and consumption.
2. HVAC Control
 Climate Control: One of the primary functions of BMS is to control heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems.
It ensures optimal indoor temperatures and air quality while adjusting based on occupancy or external weather conditions.
 Predictive Maintenance: BMS can predict when HVAC components might fail or need maintenance, reducing downtime and
improving system reliability.
3. Lighting Control
 Smart Lighting: BMS can automate lighting to enhance energy efficiency, such as dimming lights based on natural daylight
levels or turning off lights in unoccupied rooms.
 Time Scheduling: Lighting schedules can be pre-programmed to suit the time of day, occupancy, and even specific events
within the building.
4. Security and Access Control
 Surveillance Integration: BMS can integrate security systems, including CCTV cameras and motion detectors, to monitor building
access and security.
 Access Management: It allows centralized control over entry systems, including keycards or biometric authentication, ensuring
security at all entry points.
5. Fire and Life Safety

 Fire Detection: BMS can manage fire alarm systems, providing real-time alerts for smoke or heat detection. It can also control fire
suppression systems and building ventilation during a fire.
 Evacuation Support: In case of emergencies, BMS can control lighting to guide occupants to the nearest exits or adjust air handling
units to clear smoke.

6. Water Management
 Water Usage Control: BMS monitors water systems for leaks, optimal usage, and ensures efficient functioning of water pumps,
fountains, or irrigation systems in the building.
 Storm water Management: BMS can help manage rainwater harvesting systems or stormwater runoff within a building.
KEY COMPONENTS OF BMS:
1. Sensors
 Sensors are the eyes and ears of a BMS, collecting data from the environment and feeding it into the system for analysis
and action. Common types of sensors include:
 Temperature Sensors: Measure the temperature within a building to ensure heating and cooling systems are
functioning effectively. These sensors can be placed in different areas (e.g., rooms, hallways, or vents) to monitor
temperature conditions and maintain comfort levels.
 Humidity Sensors: Track humidity levels, which is important for maintaining indoor air quality and preventing issues
like mold growth or discomfort due to high humidity levels. HVAC systems often use this data to adjust airflow and
humidity levels.
 Occupancy Sensors: Detect the presence of people in specific areas. These sensors are key to energy efficiency,
enabling the system to automatically turn lights, HVAC, or other devices on or off depending on whether a room is
occupied.
 Light Sensors: Monitor the intensity of natural light in a space, which helps control artificial lighting. For instance, if
there is enough natural light, the system can dim or turn off artificial lights to save energy.
 Air Quality Sensors: Measure levels of CO2, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter, or other
pollutants. This data is crucial for managing ventilation rates, ensuring healthy indoor air quality, and optimizing HVAC
system performance.
 Pressure Sensors: Monitor pressure in air ducts, water pipes, and other systems, ensuring that pumps and fans are operating
efficiently and safely.
 Motion Sensors: Detect movement to enhance security systems or activate lighting in areas with low occupancy.

2. Controllers
 Controllers are the brains of the BMS, processing the data collected by sensors and using that information to send commands to
various systems (such as HVAC, lighting, or security systems) via actuators.
 Data Processing: Controllers take the raw data from sensors and compare it to predefined thresholds or algorithms. If the data falls
outside the desired range, the controller makes decisions about what action needs to be taken.
 Decision Making: For example, if the temperature sensor detects that a room is too hot, the controller may send a signal to the
HVAC system to lower the temperature. Similarly, occupancy sensors can trigger the controller to turn off lights or adjust HVAC
settings when a room is unoccupied.
 Automation and Scheduling: Controllers can automate responses based on time schedules (e.g., turning on lights at a specific time)
or events (e.g., responding to changes in outdoor weather or occupancy patterns).
 Communication with Actuators: The controller sends commands to actuators, which physically control building systems. For
instance, it might activate a heating or cooling unit, adjust a damper in the ventilation system, or open or close windows for natural
ventilation.
3. Software Platforms
 Software platforms provide a centralized interface for building operators, facility managers, and other stakeholders to monitor,
manage, and control building systems. They offer various tools to streamline operation and ensure everything runs smoothly.
 User Interface: The software platform provides graphical dashboards and control interfaces, allowing users to easily monitor system
performance, adjust settings, and respond to alarms or faults. For example, a facility manager can view temperature, humidity, and
occupancy data for different parts of the building in real-time.
 Data Visualization: The platform can display trends, graphs, and reports that allow users to understand the performance of building
systems over time. This helps in identifying inefficiencies, such as areas with high energy consumption or suboptimal HVAC
performance.
 Remote Access and Control: Modern software platforms often offer remote access, allowing managers to control systems from
anywhere via mobile apps or web interfaces. This feature is valuable for facility managers overseeing multiple buildings or for making
adjustments without needing to be physically present.
 Alerting and Notifications: The software sends alerts or notifications when there are issues such as equipment failures, irregular
sensor readings, or system malfunctions. This helps the team address problems quickly and reduce downtime or potential damage.
 Integration with Other Systems: Software platforms can integrate with other building management tools, such as security or fire
alarm systems, to enable centralized control. For example, if a fire alarm is triggered, the platform can automatically adjust HVAC
systems to prevent smoke from spreading.
 Data Analytics: These platforms often use the data from sensors and controllers to generate insights, detect patterns, and optimize
building performance. For instance, energy consumption can be analyzed, and the software can suggest ways to improve efficiency or
reduce costs.
 Scheduling and Automation: Users can set schedules for various building systems, such as lighting or HVAC, based on time,
occupancy, or other parameters. The platform can also automate routine tasks, like turning off lights after work hours or adjusting the
temperature based on the time of day.
OVERVIEW OF BMS
SYSTEMS FOR:
1. HVAC: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems
Role of BMS in HVAC: BMS provides centralized control and optimization of HVAC systems to maintain a
comfortable indoor environment while ensuring energy efficiency and cost savings.
 Temperature and Humidity Control: BMS continuously monitors temperature and humidity levels across different
zones in the building through sensors. Based on the readings, the BMS adjusts heating, cooling, and ventilation
accordingly. For example, if a room gets too warm, the system will activate air conditioning, and if the humidity is too
high, dehumidifiers or ventilation will be increased.
 Energy Efficiency: The BMS optimizes the HVAC system’s performance to reduce energy consumption. It uses real-
time data and predictive analytics to adjust the system’s operation, such as adjusting air flow based on occupancy or
outdoor weather conditions. For instance, during the night or when the building is unoccupied, the system may reduce
heating or cooling demand.
 Air Quality Management: BMS integrates air quality sensors to measure pollutants like CO2, VOCs, and particulate
matter. If air quality drops below acceptable levels, the system can automatically increase ventilation or activate air
purifiers.
 Zoning and Scheduling: HVAC systems can be divided into zones, and BMS allows for control over each zone's
heating or cooling independently. This zoning ensures that energy is not wasted on unoccupied spaces and allows for
customized comfort levels throughout the building.
 Predictive Maintenance: BMS monitors the performance of HVAC components, such as air handling units and
compressors, to detect anomalies that may indicate the need for maintenance. This predictive capability reduces
downtime and extends the lifespan of HVAC systems.
2. Security: Access Control, Surveillance, and Alarms
Role of BMS in Security: BMS plays a crucial role in integrating and managing security systems, providing a comprehensive
approach to monitoring, controlling access, and ensuring safety in the building.
 Access Control Systems: BMS integrates access control systems, which use technologies like keycards, biometrics, or RFID to
control entry to restricted areas within the building. The BMS allows for centralized control over who can enter specific zones and at
what times, ensuring that only authorized personnel have access.
 Surveillance Systems: BMS can integrate security cameras (CCTV) into the system, enabling real-time video monitoring and
recording. These cameras can be placed strategically in key areas, such as entrances, hallways, and parking lots. The BMS allows
security personnel to monitor feeds from multiple cameras from a central location and even trigger automated actions like locking
doors or triggering alarms if suspicious activity is detected.
 Intrusion Detection: The system integrates sensors like motion detectors, glass break detectors, and door/window sensors to detect
unauthorized access or intrusions. When these sensors are triggered, the BMS can activate alarms or send alerts to security personnel,
ensuring a swift response.
 Alarm Systems: BMS can trigger building-wide alarms in the event of a security breach. It can also provide notifications to security
teams via mobile apps or email, allowing for rapid intervention.
 Real-Time Monitoring and Event Logging: The BMS provides a centralized interface for monitoring security events in real-time,
logging activities, and generating reports on access history, security breaches, or abnormal activities. This feature is useful for audit
trails and for complying with safety regulations.
 Emergency Protocols: In the event of a security breach, the BMS can trigger emergency protocols, such as locking down entry
points or alerting emergency responders. These systems can also activate public address systems to direct building occupants during
an emergency.
3. Fire Safety: Fire Alarms, Smoke Detection, and Emergency Protocols
Role of BMS in Fire Safety: Fire safety is a critical aspect of building management, and BMS systems play a key role in
integrating fire alarms, smoke detection, and emergency response systems to ensure occupant safety.
 Fire Detection and Alarms: The BMS integrates fire alarm systems, which include smoke detectors, heat sensors, and flame
detectors. When these sensors detect signs of a fire (e.g., smoke, high temperature), the system sends immediate alerts to building
occupants and emergency personnel. These alarms can be visual (flashing lights) or auditory (siren or voice messages).
 Smoke Detection: BMS systems can integrate advanced smoke detection technologies that use laser or ionization to detect even
low levels of smoke, improving early detection and reducing false alarms. The system can also monitor air quality to detect fire-
related particulates.
 Evacuation Assistance: In case of a fire, the BMS can activate emergency protocols, such as controlling lighting to guide
occupants toward safe exits, unlocking doors, and adjusting air handling systems to contain smoke and toxins. The system can
also control elevator functions to prevent them from being used during a fire, ensuring that they only operate safely.
 Sprinkler and Suppression Systems: BMS systems can control fire suppression systems, such as sprinklers, and manage their
activation during a fire emergency. It can ensure that sprinklers are activated in specific zones based on sensor data, preventing
water damage in areas not affected by the fire.
 Ventilation Control: In the event of a fire, the BMS can adjust the HVAC system to improve smoke control. This may involve
shutting down air handling units in affected areas or reversing the flow of air to prevent smoke from spreading to other parts of
the building.
 Real-Time Alerts and Monitoring: The BMS continuously monitors the fire safety system and generates real-time alerts if any
fire safety components fail or if maintenance is required. These alerts help ensure that fire safety measures are always
operational.
 Automated Emergency Protocols: BMS systems can trigger emergency protocols such as notifying building occupants through
public address systems, activating fire alarms, and notifying emergency services (e.g., fire departments) for quick intervention.