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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by social interaction difficulties, communication challenges, and repetitive behaviors, typically noticeable by age 2-3. Diagnosis involves developmental screening and comprehensive evaluations, while interventions include behavioral therapies, educational support, and medications. Early diagnosis and fostering strengths are crucial for improved outcomes and inclusion in society.

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19 views13 pages

Presentation 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by social interaction difficulties, communication challenges, and repetitive behaviors, typically noticeable by age 2-3. Diagnosis involves developmental screening and comprehensive evaluations, while interventions include behavioral therapies, educational support, and medications. Early diagnosis and fostering strengths are crucial for improved outcomes and inclusion in society.

Uploaded by

KC Official
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Welcome

Title: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Presented by: Tasmia Islam Dola

Id : 8220019
Department : Speech and Language Therapy
Mymensingh College of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences.

Date: 26 November, 2024


Autism:
Rooted in the Greek word "autos," meaning "self."
Refers to conditions where individuals may appear socially withdrawn or self-focused.
Spectrum: Indicates a wide range of abilities, strengths, and challenges.
Disorder: Refers to a deviation from typical developmental patterns, often requiring
support.

Definition:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by
challenges in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.

Key Points:
Spectrum nature: Varies from mild to severe.
Onset: Early childhood, typically noticeable by age 2-3.
Key Characteristics of ASD

1. Social Interaction Difficulties


Challenges in understanding social cues.
Limited eye contact and engagement.

2. Communication Challenges
Delayed language development.
Difficulty in expressing needs or
understanding others.

3. Repetitive Behaviors and Routines


Repeated motions (e.g., hand-flapping).
Resistance to changes in routines.
Causes and Risk Factors

Genetics: Strong link to genetic factors.


Environmental Factors:
Advanced parental age.
Prenatal exposure to toxins.

Not caused by: Vaccines (debunked myth).


Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

1. Developmental Screening:
Identifies early signs of ASD (e.g., delayed communication or social skills).
Tools: M-CHAT, Ages and Stages Questionnaire.

2. Comprehensive Evaluation:
Multidisciplinary assessment by specialists.
Tools: ADOS (observation) and ADI-R (parent interview).

3. DSM-5 Criteria:
Persistent social deficits, repetitive behaviors, early onset, and daily impact.
Interventions and Treatments

Behavioral Therapies:
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
Speech and Language Therapy.

Educational Support:
Individualized Education Plans (IEPs).

Medications: For managing associated


symptoms (e.g., anxiety, hyperactivity).
Strengths of Individuals with ASD
Attention to detail.
Strong memory skills.

Exceptional abilities in specific areas (e.g., math, music).


Case Study: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Patient: Arman, 4 years old.


Symptoms: Limited speech, avoids eye contact, repetitive behaviors (lining up toys),
upset by routine changes.

Assessment:
M-CHAT indicated high ASD risk.
ADOS confirmed social and communication deficits with repetitive behaviors.
Diagnosis: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) based on DSM-5 criteria.

Intervention:
Speech therapy for language development and communication.
Parental support for routines and reinforcement.
Outcome: Improved eye contact, use of simple sentences, and adaptability after 6 months.
Supporting Individuals with ASD

At Home:
Structured routines.
Clear and simple communication.

In Society:
Promote acceptance and inclusion.
Raise awareness through education.
Conclusion :

ASD is a diverse and complex condition.

Early diagnosis and interventions are key to improved outcomes.

Emphasizing strengths and fostering inclusion can make a significant difference.


Any Question ?
Thank you

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