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Auto Transformer1 200326160138 (1) .PPTX K

An autotransformer is a type of electrical transformer that uses a single winding for both primary and secondary functions, resulting in lower costs, higher efficiency, and better voltage regulation compared to two-winding transformers. It can be configured as a step-up or step-down transformer and is commonly used in applications such as voltage regulation in power distribution and motor starting. However, it lacks electrical isolation between input and output, making it less safe for certain applications.

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12 views18 pages

Auto Transformer1 200326160138 (1) .PPTX K

An autotransformer is a type of electrical transformer that uses a single winding for both primary and secondary functions, resulting in lower costs, higher efficiency, and better voltage regulation compared to two-winding transformers. It can be configured as a step-up or step-down transformer and is commonly used in applications such as voltage regulation in power distribution and motor starting. However, it lacks electrical isolation between input and output, making it less safe for certain applications.

Uploaded by

morardangadhavi384
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AUTO-TRANSFORMER

AUTO-TRANSFORMERS

An autotransformer is an electrical
transformer with only one winding.
The "auto" (Greek for "self")
prefix refers to the single coil
acting on itself and not to any
kind of automatic mechanism.
Features of Auto-Transformer
. Primary and secondary are not electrically
isolated
. Uses less copper and hence is cheaper
. Transformation ratio differs from unity
. Higher efficiency but smaller in size
. Voltage regulation is superior
. Lower leakage

. Lower losses
. Lower magnetizing current
. Increase kVA rating
Theory of Autotransformer

From the above fig. We get


(That is
I/P=O/P)
Output Power

The primary and secondary windings of an auto-transformer are


connected magnetically as well as electrically. So the power transferred
from primary to secondary is inductively as well as conductively.
Saving of Cu in Auto transformer
For the same output and voltage transformation ratio
an autotransformer requires less copper than the 2-winding transformer
Types of Auto-Transformer

Step UP Transformer

A transformer in which Ns>Np


is called a step up transformer.
A step up transformer is a
transformer which converts
low alternate voltage to high
alternate voltage.
Step Down-Transformer

A transformer in which Np>Ns


is called a step down
transformer. A step down
transformer is a transformer
which converts high
alternating voltage to low
alternating voltage.
Conversion of 2-winding Transformer into
Auto transformer

• ADDITIVE POLARITY (STEP-UP)

• SUBSTRACTIVE POLARITY (STEP-DOWN)


ADDITIVE POLARITY (STEP-
UP)

In this case common current flow towards the common


terminal
SUBSTRACTIVE POLARITY (STEP-
DOWN)

In this case common current flow away from common terminal


Advantages

• An autotransformer requires less Cu than a two-winding transformer


of similar rating.
• An autotransformer operates at a higher efficiency than a two-winding
transformer of similar rating.
• An autotransformer has better voltage regulation than a two-winding
transformer of the same rating.
• An autotransformer has smaller size than a two-winding transformer
of the same rating.
• An autotransformer requires smaller exciting current than a two-winding
transformer of the same rating.
• In conventional transformer the voltage step up or step down value is
fixed while in autotransformer, we can vary the output voltage as per our
requirements and can smoothly increase or decrease its value as per our
requirement.
Disadvantages

• There is a direct connection between the primary and secondary. Therefore,


the output is no longer d.c. isolated from the input.
• An autotransformer is not safe for stepping down a high voltage to a low
voltage.
Application
. Autotransformers are used to compensate for voltage drops in
transmission and distribution lines. When used for this purpose, they are
known as booster transformers.
. Autotransformers are used for reducing the voltage supplied to a.c.
motors during the starting period.
. Autotransformers are used for continuously variable supply.
. Used in both Synchronous motors and induction motors.
. Used in electrical apparatus testing labs since the voltage can be smoothly
and continuously varied.
• On long rural power distribution lines, special autotransformers with
automatic tap-changing equipment are inserted as voltage regulators, so
that customers at the far end of the line receive the same average voltage
as those closer to the source. The variable ratio of the autotransformer
compensates for the voltage drop along the line.
• In control equipment for 1-phase and 3-phase electrical locomotives.
Limitation

• Because it requires both fewer windings and a smaller core, an


autotransformer for power applications is typically lighter and less
costly than a two-winding transformer, up to a voltage ratio of
about 3:1; beyond that range, a two-winding transformer is usually
more economical.
• Like multiple-winding transformers, autotransformers operate on
time-varying magnetic fields and so will not function with DC.
• A failure of the insulation of the windings of an autotransformer
can result in full input voltage applied to the output. Also, a breakin
the part of the winding that is used as both primary and
secondary will result in the transformer acting as an inductor in
series with the load .
THANK YOU

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