Cloud Computing

Unit 1
 Contents
• What is a Cloud?
• Definition of Cloud
• Characteristics of Cloud
• Why use Clouds
• How Clouds are Changing
• Driving factors towards Cloud
• Comparing Grid with Cloud and others
• Workload patterns for cloud
• Big Data
• IT as a Service
 What is a Cloud?
• In telecommunications, a cloud refers to a public or
semi-public space on transmission lines that exists
between the end points of a transmission. Data that is
transmitted across a WAN enters the network from
one end point using a standard protocol suite such
as Frame Relay and then enters the network cloud
where it shares space with other data transmissions.
The data emerges from the cloud -- where it may be
encapsulated, translated and transported in myriad
ways -- in the same format as when it entered the
cloud..
 What is a Cloud?
• The term Cloud refers to a Network or Internet.
• In other words, we can say that Cloud is something,
which is present at remote location.
• Cloud can provide services over network, i.e., on
public networks or on private networks, i.e.,
• WAN, LAN or VPN.
• Applications such as e-mail, web conferencing,
customer relationship management (CRM),
all run in cloud.
 Definition of Cloud
• A communications network. The word "cloud"
often refers to the Internet, and more
precisely to some datacenter full of servers
that is connected to the Internet. However,
the term "cloud computing" refers to the
software and services that have enabled the
Internet cloud to become so prominent in
everyday life.
 What is Cloud Computing
• Cloud Computing refers to manipulating, configuring,
and accessing the application online.
• It offers online data storage, infrastructure and
application.
• Cloud Computing is both a combination of software
and hardware based computing resources delivered
as a network service.
 Characteristics of Cloud
• On-demand self-service
• Broad network access
• Resource pooling
• Rapid elasticity
• Measured service
 Rapid elasticity
• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and
released, in some cases automatically, to scale
rapidly outward and inward commensurate
with demand. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often
appear to be unlimited and can be
appropriated in any quantity at any time.
 Measured Service
• Cloud systems automatically control and
optimize resource use by leveraging a
metering capability1 at some level of
abstraction appropriate to the type of service
(e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and
active user accounts). Resource usage can be
monitored, controlled, and reported,
providing transparency for both the provider
and consumer of the utilized service.
 On-demand self-service
• A consumer can unilaterally provision
computing capabilities, such as server time
and network storage, as needed automatically
without requiring human interaction with
each service provider.
 Broad network access
• Capabilities are available over the network
and accessed through standard mechanisms
that promote use by heterogeneous thin or
thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones,
tablets, laptops, and workstations).
 Resource pooling
• The provider’s computing resources are pooled
to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant
model, with different physical and virtual
resources dynamically assigned and reassigned
according to consumer demand. There is a sense
of location independence in that the customer
generally has no control or knowledge over the
exact location of the provided resources but may
be able to specify location at a higher level of
abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).
Examples of resources include storage,
processing, memory, and network bandwidth.
 Why use Clouds
• Reduction of costs – unlike on-site hosting the price of deploying applications in
the cloud can be less due to lower hardware costs from more effective use of
physical resources.
• Universal access - cloud computing can allow remotely located employees to
access applications and work via the internet.
• Up to date software - a cloud provider will also be able to upgrade software
keeping in mind feedback from previous software releases.
• Choice of applications. This allows flexibility for cloud users to experiment and
choose the best option for their needs. Cloud computing also allows a business to
use, access and pay only for what they use, with a fast implementation time
• Potential to be greener and more economical - the average amount of energy
needed for a computational action carried out in the cloud is far less than the
average amount for an on-site deployment. This is because different organisations
can share the same physical resources securely, leading to more efficient use of
the shared resources.
• Flexibility – cloud computing allows users to switch applications easily and rapidly,
using the one that suits their needs best. However, migrating data between
applications can be an issue.
 How Clouds are Changing
• Easy & Instant Updates
• Unparalleled Scalability
• Substantial Savings
• Unrivaled Flexibility
• Matchless Security
 Easy & Instant Updates
• Software upgrades have always been perceived as a
tedious task especially when the changes are taking
place at the corporate level on a large scale. But,
cloud service providers handle all these hassles of
system updates, so you don’t have to keep tabs of all
the maintenance aspects. All the system upgrades
and security updates are taken care of by the service
provider so that companies can focus on the core
competencies without being interrupted by ongoing
updates.
 Unparalleled Scalability
• Every corporate territory comes with a massive amount of data, which
makes the presence of cloud all the more mandatory. Cloud platforms are
substantially scalable, which is highly beneficial for the ever-fluctuating
storage needs of the IT environment. Before the cloud era, companies
were struggling with their storage needs and wasting time upgrading
servers. But with the advent of cloud computing, expanding storage needs
are no more an issue as every change is managed on the spot.
• However, cloud users may have limited control over their hosting
framework and this might impose certain constraints with deployment. If
you wish to maximize the returns on your virtual infrastructure, Xangati
offers maximum capacity utilization without inviting contention storms. It
provides prescriptive analysis that helps companies make faster decisions
with better business outcomes.
 Substantial Savings
• Moving to cloud allows companies to lower their operational expenses
and improve resource efficiency while cutting down on equipment and IT
staffing costs. As the service provider handles all the system and security
updates, big businesses can bring down their infrastructure budget to
half. Cloud technology comes at a considerable investment but when
compared to an onsite IT service, it is just a fraction of the total cost.
Cloud servers and equipment are housed offsite, which saves a lot of
money that can be utilized for system upkeep. Also, virtual servers are
much more cost effective as compared to individual servers.
 Unrivaled Flexibility
• Whether employees want to share files and folders across the globe or
work from home using their own device, cloud technology makes it all
possible. With cloud, companies can easily access business-related
documents from any location and share it with multiple users. This all-
encompassing platform comes with unlimited storage and sharing
capabilities to keep corporations connected at all times. This much-
needed flexibility for end users invites room for performance issues in the
infrastructure. The new BYOD (bring your own device) approach means
more complexity for cloud and hybrid-cloud environments.
• You can easily overcome this loophole with Xangati. It is intelligently
designed to offer second-by-second insights to proactively protect
information around the clock. It allows you to make better-informed
decisions, offers remediation advice, and provides root cause analysis to
accelerate problem resolution.
 Matchless Security
• Storing a substantial amount of sensitive data on a
cloud platform may sound risky but this offsite data
storage technology is completely secure and reliable.
Cloud eliminates the possibility of data theft because
all the information is securely stored offsite and
away from the device. Information is always
accessible with encrypted passwords and extra care
is taken by cloud service providers to ensure that all
the stored data remains protected.
 Comparison Grid Cluster Cloud

• Grid Computing
1: Loosely coupled(Decentralization)
2: Diversity and Dynamism
3: Distributed Job Management & scheduling

Cloud computing
1: Dynamic computing infrastructure
2: IT service centric approach
3: Self service based usage model
4: Minimally or self managed platform

Cluster computing
1:Tightlycoupled systems
2: Single system image
3: Centralized Job management & scheduling system

Distributed Computing
Is to solve a single large problem by breaking it down into several tasks where each task is
computed in the individual computers of the distributed system.
 Grid Computing
• Grid computing is the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to
reach a common goal. The grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-
interactive workloads that involve a large number of files. Grid computing is
distinguished from conventional high performance computing systems such
as cluster computing in that grid computers have each node set to perform a
different task/application. Grid computers also tend to be more heterogeneous and
geographically dispersed (thus not physically coupled) than cluster computers.
Although a single grid can be dedicated to a particular application, commonly a grid is
used for a variety of purposes. Grids are often constructed with general-purpose
grid middleware software libraries. Grid sizes can be quite large.
• Grids are a form of distributed computing whereby a "super virtual computer" is
composed of many networked loosely coupled computers acting together to perform
large tasks. For certain applications, distributed or grid computing can be seen as a
special type of parallel computing that relies on complete computers (with onboard
CPUs, storage, power supplies, network interfaces, etc.) connected to a computer
network (private or public) by a conventional network interface, such as Ethernet.
 Big Data
• Every Second there are 8,22 tweets on
Twitter.
• Every hour Walmart handles more than 1
million cx. Transactions.
• We live in digital world where data is
increasing day by day
• Hadoop Apache is widely used for storing and
managing Big Data.
 Big Data
• Big data is often characterized by 3Vs: the
extreme volume of data, the wide variety of data types
and the velocity at which the data must be processed.
Although big data doesn't equate to any specific
volume of data.
• The sheer volume, variety, varacity of such data is
signified by the term BIG DATA.
• Data can be classified as
• Social Data
• Machine data
• Transactional Data
Type of data
 IT as a Service
• IT as a service (ITaaS) is an operational model where the IT service provider delivers
an information technology service to a business.The IT service provider can be an internal IT
organization or an external IT services company. The recipients of ITaaS can be a line of
business(LOB) organization within an enterprise or a small and medium business (SMB). The
information technology is typically delivered as a managed service with a clear IT services
catalog and pricing associated with each of the catalog items. At its core, ITaaS is a
competitive business model where businesses have many options for IT services and the
internal IT organization has to compete against those other external options in order to be
the selected IT service provider to the business. Options for providers other than the internal
IT organization may include IT outsourcing companies and public cloud providers.
• IT as a Service (ITaaS) is a technology-delivery method that treats IT(information technology)
as a commodity, providing an enterprise with exactly the amount of hardware, software,
and support that it needs for an agreed-on monthly fee. In this context, IT encompasses all of
the technologies for creating, storing, exchanging, and using business data.
 Example AWS
• AWS Lambda
• Amazon S3
• Amazon RDS
• Amazon QuickSight
• Amazon EC2
Cloud Computing
Unit 2
 Leverage Cloud Computing
• Use software as a service (SaaS) whenever possible.
• Minimize investments and complexity of on-premise systems
• Consider storing shared and individual documents in the
cloud
• When deploying on-premise servers and services, virtualize
them and start to build your own private cloud
• Host websites on virtual machines in the cloud
• Consider deploying virtual desktops
• Avoid "client-server" applications in your organization
• Security planning and education should be integral to cloud
computing strategy
 Positioning Cloud to Grid
Infrastructure
• Grid computing links disparate computers to form one large
(virtual) infrastructure, leveraging unused resources.
• Grid computing is one vehicle that allows the cloud to scale
up, or down, to meet the demand.
• Grid sizes vary, from forming a “super virtual computer”
composed on many networked loosely coupled computers to
form a single task, to a smaller redundant dual computer
system.
 Elasticity and Scalability
• Elasticity in cloud infrastructure involves enabling the hypervisor
to create virtual machines or containers with the resources to
meet the real-time demand. ability of a system to increase the
workload on its current and additional (dynamically added on
demand) hardware resources (scale out);Elasticity is strongly
related to deployed-on-cloud applications.
• Scalability often is discussed at the application layer,
highlighting capability of a system, network or process to handle
a growing amount of work, or its potential to be enlarged in
order to accommodate that growth. ability of a system to
increase the workload on its current hardware resources (scale
up);
 Virtualization
• It is a technology to run multiple same or
different operating system which is
completely isolated from each other.
• Example: Windows and Linux on same
machine
 Characteristics of Virtualization
• Partitioning: In virtualization, many applications and operating systems
(OSes) are supported in a single physical system
by partitioning (separating) the available resources.
• Isolation: Each virtual machine is isolated from its host physical system
and other virtualized machines. Because of this isolation, if one virtual-
instance crashes, it doesn’t affect the other virtual machines. In addition,
data isn’t shared between one virtual container and another.
• Encapsulation: A virtual machine can be represented (and even stored) as
a single file, so you can identify it easily based on the service it provides.
In essence, the encapsulated process could be a business service. This
encapsulated virtual machine can be presented to an application as a
complete entity. Therefore, encapsulation can protect each application so
that it doesn’t interfere with another application.
 Benefits of Virtualization
• Consolidation
• Redundancy
• Legacy hardware
• Centralized management
• Migration