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LESSON 6 Series and Parallel Capacitors 3

The document explains the role of capacitors in electronic devices, particularly in televisions, where they help reduce electrical noise. It details the series and parallel combinations of capacitors, including how to calculate equivalent capacitance and the behavior of charge in these configurations. Additionally, it provides sample problems to illustrate the concepts of capacitance and energy stored in capacitors.

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5 views28 pages

LESSON 6 Series and Parallel Capacitors 3

The document explains the role of capacitors in electronic devices, particularly in televisions, where they help reduce electrical noise. It details the series and parallel combinations of capacitors, including how to calculate equivalent capacitance and the behavior of charge in these configurations. Additionally, it provides sample problems to illustrate the concepts of capacitance and energy stored in capacitors.

Uploaded by

paciaemjay17
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SERIES AND PARALLEL

CAPACITORS
• Did you enjoy watching television
during this time of pandemic?
• But you can enjoy it more if you can’t
hear any electrical noise from it.
• And that is what capacitors do in your
television.
• Because capacitors hold electric
charges, they act as dampers, slowing
down the sudden movement of
current, including noise.
• Without capacitors in the power
supply, the television would have a
noisy picture and a persistent low-
pitched buzz in the speakers.
• Several capacitors can be connected to be
used in a variety of applications.
• They can be arranged in two simple and
common types of connections, known as
series and parallel, for which we can easily
calculate the total capacitance.
• These two basic combinations, series, and
parallel can also be used as part of more
complex connections.
THE SERIES COMBINATION OF
CAPACITORS
• As for any capacitor, the capacitance of the combination is
related to both charge and voltage:
•.

• When this series combination is connected to a battery with


voltage V, each of the capacitors acquires an identical
charge Q.
• To explain, first note that the charge on the plate connected
to the positive terminal of the battery is +Q and the charge
on the plate connected to the negative terminal is −Q.
• Charges are then induced on the other
plates so that the sum of the charges on all
plates, and the sum of charges on any pair
of capacitor plates, is zero.
• However, the potential drop on one capacitor
may be different from the potential drop on
another capacitor, because, generally, the
capacitors may have different capacitances.
• The series combination of two or three capacitors
resembles a single capacitor with a smaller
capacitance.
• Generally, any number of capacitors connected in
series is equivalent to one capacitor whose
capacitance (called the equivalent capacitance)
is smaller than the smallest of the capacitances in
the series combination.
• Charge on this equivalent capacitor is the same as
the charge on any capacitor in a series combination:
That is, all capacitors of a series combination have
the same charge.
• This occurs due to the conservation of charge in the circuit.
• When a charge Q in a series circuit is removed from a plate of the
first capacitor (which we denote as −Q), it must be placed on a
plate of the second capacitor (which we denote as +Q), and so on.
• We can find an expression for the total
(equivalent) capacitance by considering the
voltages across the individual capacitors. The
potentials across capacitors 1, 2, and 3 are,
respectively,
• In series connections, the total capacitance (
is smaller than any of the individual
capacitances in the network.
• In parallel connections, the total capacitance
(is simply the sum of the individual
capacitances.
SAMPLE PROBLEM

• 1. Four capacitors with the capacitance of 4


μF, 3 μF, 6 μF, and 12 μF respectively are
connected in series with a battery of 12.0 V.
Determine the following:
• (a) Equivalent capacitance
• (b) Total charge
• (c) Individual voltage
SAMPLE PROBLEM
• Four capacitors with the
capacitance of 4 μF, 3
μF, 6 μF, and 12 μF
respectively are
connected in series with
a battery of 12.0 V.
Determine the following:
• (a) Equivalent
capacitance
• (b) Total charge
• (c) Individual voltage
THE PARALLEL COMBINATION
OF CAPACITORS
• A parallel combination of three capacitors, with
one plate of each capacitor connected to one side
of the circuit and the other plate connected to the
other side.
• Since the capacitors are connected in parallel,
they all have the same voltage V across their
plates.
THE PARALLEL COMBINATION
OF CAPACITORS
THE PARALLEL COMBINATION
OF CAPACITORS
SAMPLE PROBLEM

• 2. Four capacitors with the capacitance of 4


μF, 3 μF, 6 μF, and 12 μF respectively are
connected in parallel with a battery of 12.0
V. Determine the following:
• (a) Equivalent capacitance
• (b) Total charge
• (c) Individual charges
SAMPLE PROBLEM
• Four capacitors with the capacitance of 4 μF, 3 μF, 6 μF, and 12
μF respectively are connected in parallel with a battery of 12.0 V.
Determine the following:
• (a) Equivalent capacitance
• (b) Total charge
• (c) Individual charges
ENERGY STORED IN A SIMPLE
CAPACITOR

• The energy stored in a capacitor is potential


energy. It can be extracted from the capacitor
and transforms into other forms of energy, or can
be used to do mechanical work.
SAMPLE PROBLEM

• 3. A heart defibrillator delivers 500 J of


energy by discharging a capacitor initially at
20,000 V. What is its capacitance?
SAMPLE PROBLEM

• 3. A heart defibrillator delivers 500 J of


energy by discharging a capacitor initially at
20,000 V. What is its capacitance?
SOLUTION:
SOLVE ME
• 1. Three capacitors with individual capacitances of
2 μF, 5 μF, and 10 μF respectively are connected
in series with a 12V battery. What are the total
capacitance and total charge in the network?
• 2. Same capacitors in number 1 connected in a
parallel. If the combined charge in the network is
50 μC, what are the total voltage and total
capacitance in the network?
• 1. Three capacitors with individual capacitances of
2 μF, 5 μF, and 10 μF respectively are connected
in series with a 12V battery. What are the total
capacitance and total charge in the network?
• A.
•=
• =1.25 µF
• B. µC
• 2. Same capacitors in number 1 connected in a parallel. If the
combined charge in the network is 50 μC, what are the total
voltage and total capacitance in the network?

= 2μF+5μF+10μF
=17μF

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