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Php

PHP is a popular server-side scripting language primarily used for web development, with 78.7% of websites utilizing it. Its ease of use, open-source nature, and multi-platform support contribute to its growing popularity. The document also covers basic PHP syntax, data types, operators, conditional statements, arrays, and methods for processing HTML forms.

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Jinisha
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7 views75 pages

Php

PHP is a popular server-side scripting language primarily used for web development, with 78.7% of websites utilizing it. Its ease of use, open-source nature, and multi-platform support contribute to its growing popularity. The document also covers basic PHP syntax, data types, operators, conditional statements, arrays, and methods for processing HTML forms.

Uploaded by

Jinisha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHP

PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

 PHP is a widely-used general-purpose scripting


language that is especially suited for Web
development and can be embedded into HTML.
 PHP is the recursive acronym for “PHP:
Hypertext Preprocessor”.
 It is a server side scripting language. The PHP
code is ran on the webserver and then the output
is returned to the user through a web browser.
.
Usage statistics and market
share of PHP for websites
78.7% websites were developed using PHP
Popular sites using PHP
Facebook.com
Wikipedia.org
Qq.com
Taobao.com
Sina.com.cn
Wordpress.com
Vk.com
Weibo.com
Babylon.com
Mail.ru
PHP
PHP use has increased dramatically over the last 5 years.
The main reasons for its popularity are:
 It is open-source and free!

 Easy to use. It has a very simple syntax unlike other languages

such as Perl or C. Rather than writing lots of code to create a


webpage, we create HTML documents and embed simple PHP
codes into them.
 It has multi-platform support. It supports all major operating

systems. Moreover, the syntax is consistent among different


platforms. You can create PHP codes in Windows and easily
switch to Unix.
 PHP supports many new technologies. In particular, it supports
MySQL.
Creating a Simple PHP file

All PHP commands are enclosed within special


start and end tags:

<?php
…PHP code…
?>
SIMPLE PHP PROGRAM
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<?php
echo "My first PHP script!";
?>

</body>
</html>
WampServer

WampServer is a Windows web development


environment. It allows you to create web
applications with PHP and a MySQL
database. Alongside, PhpMyAdmin allows us
to manage easily our databases.
We can download it from the site
http://www.wampserver.com/en/
Installing WampServer
 Double click on the downloaded file and just follow the instructions.
Everything is automatic. The WampServer package is delivered with the
latest releases of Apache, MySQL and PHP.

 The “www” directory will be automatically created (usually c:\wamp\www)


 Create a subdirectory in “www” and put your PHP files inside.
 Click on the “localhost” link in the WampSever menu or open your internet
browser and go to the URL : http://localhost
Create a folder in WWW
Starting Wamp Server
P1.php
Open IE
Variable
A variable in PHP can be used to store both numeric and nonnumeric data.
 Every variable has a name, which is preceded by a dollar ($) symbol.
 Variable names are case sensitive and they must begin with a letter or underscore character.

We can replace the PHP code above with:


<?php
//define variable
$answer = 'A: Chameleon';
//print output
Echo "<h2><i>$answer</i></h2>";
?>

This will produce the same result as before.


 To assign a value to a variable, use the equality (=) symbol (ex: $answer = ‘A: Chameleon’; ).
 To use a variable value in our script, call the variable by its name. PHP will substitute its
value when the code is executed (ex: Echo “<h2><i>$answer</i></h2>”;).
Data Types
There are four basic data types in PHP. PHP can automatically
determine the variable type by the context in which it is being used.

Data Type Description Example

Boolean Specifies a true or false $auth = true;


value.

Integer Integers like -98, 2000. $age = 28;

Floating-point Fractional numbers such $temp = 76;


as 12.8 or 3.149391

String Sequence of characters. $name = ‘Ismail’;


May be enclosed in either
double quotes or single
quotes.
Operators
There are over 15 operators in PHP
Operator What It Does
= Assignment
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division, returns quotient
% Division, returns modulus
. String concatenation
= = Equal to
= = = Equal to and of the same type
! = = Not equal to or not of the same type
<> Not equal to
<, <=, >, >= Less than, Less than or equal to etc.
&& Logical AND
|| Logical OR
xor Logical XOR
! Logical NOT
Conditional Statement
<?php
if (conditional test)
{
do this;
}

if (conditional test)
{
do this;
}
else
{
do this;
}
?>
Example
<?php
if ($temp >= 100)
{
echo 'Very hot!';
}
else
{
echo 'Within tolerable limits';
}
?>
Switch Statement
switch (n)
{
case label1:
code to be executed if n=label1;
break;
case label2:
code to be executed if n=label2;
break;
default:
code to be executed if n is different from both label1 and label2;
}
Example
<?php
$favcolor="red";
switch ($favcolor)
{
case "red":
echo "Your favorite color is red!";
break;
case "blue":
echo "Your favorite color is blue!";
break;
case "green":
echo "Your favorite color is green!";
break;
default:
echo "Your favorite color is neither red, blue, or green!";
}
?>
Looping Statements-while
<?php
// define number and limits for multiplication tables
$num = 11;
$upperLimit = 10;
$lowerLimit = 1;

// loop and multiply to create table


while ($lowerLimit <= $upperLimit)
{
echo "$num x $lowerLimit =" . ($num*$lowerLimit);
$lowerLimit++;
}
?>
Looping Statements-do while
<?php
// define number and limits for multiplication tables
$num = 11;
$upperLimit = 10;
$lowerLimit = 12;

// loop and multiply to create table


do
{
echo "$num x $lowerLimit =" . ($num*$lowerLimit);
$lowerLimit++;
} while ($lowerLimit <= $upperLimit)
?>
Looping Statements-for
<?php
for ($x = 2; $x <=100; $x++)
{
echo "$x";
}
?>
Arrays
An array is a data structure that stores one or more similar type of
values in a single value. For example if we want to store 100
numbers then instead of defining 100 variables its easy to define an
array of 100 length.

There are three different kind of arrays and each array value is
accessed using an ID which is called array index.
Numeric array - An array with a numeric index. Values are stored and
accessed in linear fashion
Associative array - An array with strings as index. This stores element
values in association with key values rather than in a strict linear
index order.
Multidimensional array - An array containing one or more arrays and
values are accessed using multiple indices
Numeric Array
 These arrays can store numbers, strings and any object but their
index will be represented by numbers. By default array index starts
from zero.
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* First method to create array. */
$numbers = array( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
foreach( $numbers as $value )
{
echo "Value is $value <br />";
}
/* Second method to create array. */
$numbers[0] = "one";
$numbers[1] = "two";
$numbers[2] = "three";
$numbers[3] = "four"; The foreach loop is used to loop through arrays
$numbers[4] = "five";

foreach( $numbers as $value )


{
echo "Value is $value <br />";
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Associative Array

The associative arrays are very similar to numeric arrays in


term of functionality but they are different in terms of
their index. Associative array will have their index as
string so that you can establish a strong association
between key and values.

To store the salaries of employees in an array, a


numerically indexed array would not be the best choice.
Instead, we could use the employees names as the keys
in our associative array, and the value would be their
respective salary.
Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
/* First method to associate create array. */
$salaries = array(
"mohammad" => 2000,
"qadir" => 1000,
"zara" => 500
);

echo "Salary of mohammad is ". $salaries['mohammad'] . "<br />";


echo "Salary of qadir is ". $salaries['qadir']. "<br />";
echo "Salary of zara is ". $salaries['zara']. "<br />";

/* Second method to create array. */


$salaries['mohammad'] = "high";
$salaries['qadir'] = "medium";
$salaries['zara'] = "low";

echo "Salary of mohammad is ". $salaries['mohammad'] . "<br />";


echo "Salary of qadir is ". $salaries['qadir']. "<br />";
echo "Salary of zara is ". $salaries['zara']. "<br />";
?>
</body>
</html>
Multidimensional Array
A multi-dimensional array each element in the main array can also be an array. And
each element in the sub-array can be an array, and so on. Values in the multi-
dimensional array are accessed using multiple index.
<html>
<body>
<?php
$marks = array(
"mohammad" => array
(
"physics" => 35,
"maths" => 30,
"chemistry" => 39
),
"qadir" => array
(
"physics" => 30,
"maths" => 32,
"chemistry" => 29
),
);
/* Accessing multi-dimensional array values */
echo "Marks for mohammad in physics : " ;
echo $marks['mohammad']['physics'] . "<br />";
echo "Marks for qadir in maths : ";
echo $marks['qadir']['maths'] . "<br />";
?>
</body>
</html>
Strings
They are sequences of characters, like "PHP supports string operations".
$string_1 = "This is a string in double quotes";
$string_2 = "This is a somewhat longer, singly quoted string";
$string_39 = "This string has thirty-nine characters";
$string_0 = ""; // a string with zero characters
<?
$variable = "name";
$literally = 'My $variable will not print!\\n';
print($literally);
$literally = "My $variable will print!\\n";
print($literally);
?>

This will produce following result:


My $variable will not print!\n
My name will print

Functions:strlen,strrev,strtolower,strtoupper,strncmp,substr,
Web Concepts
Identifying Browser & Platform

PHP creates some useful environment variables that can be seen in the phpinfo.php
page that was used to setup the PHP environment.
One of the environemnt variables set by PHP is HTTP_USER_AGENT which identifies
the user's browser and operating system.

PHP provides a function getenv() to access the value of all the environment variables.
The information contained in the HTTP_USER_AGENT environment variable can be
used to create dynamic content appropriate to the borwser.
Example
<html>
<body>
<?php
$viewer = getenv( "HTTP_USER_AGENT" );
$browser = "An unidentified browser";
if( preg_match( "/MSIE/i", "$viewer" ) )
{
$browser = "Internet Explorer";
}
else if( preg_match( "/Netscape/i", "$viewer" ) )
{
$browser = "Netscape";
}
else if( preg_match( "/Mozilla/i", "$viewer" ) )
{
$browser = "Mozilla";
}
$platform = "An unidentified OS!";
if( preg_match( "/Windows/i", "$viewer" ) )
{
$platform = "Windows!";
}
else if ( preg_match( "/Linux/i", "$viewer" ) )
{
$platform = "Linux!";
}
echo("You are using $browser on $platform");
?>
</body>
</html>
Another example

<html>
<head>Test page</head>
<body>
The time is now
<?php
echo(date("l dS \of F Y h:i:s A") . "<br />");
?>
<hr>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Using HTML Forms
The most important thing to notice when dealing with HTML forms and PHP is
that any form element in an HTML page will automatically be available to
your PHP scripts.
<?php
if( $_POST["name"] || $_POST["age"] )
{
echo "Welcome ". $_POST['name']. "<br />"; The PHP default variable $_PHP_SELF is
echo "You are ". $_POST['age']. " years old."; used for the PHP script name and when
exit(); you click "submit" button then same PHP
}
script will be called
?>
<html>
<body>
<form action="<?php $_PHP_SELF ?>" method="POST">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Processing HTML Forms-
welcome.html
<html>
<body>
<form action="welcome.php" method="post">
Name: <input type="text" name="name">
Age: <input type="text" name="age">
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Welcome.php
<html>
<body>

Welcome <?php echo $_POST["name"]; ?>.<br>


You are <?php echo $_POST["age"]; ?> years old.

</body>
</html>
Output
Get & Post Method
There are two ways the browser client can send information to the web server.
The GET Method
The POST Method

Before the browser sends the information, it encodes it using a scheme called URL
encoding. In this scheme, name/value pairs are joined with equal signs and different
pairs are separated by the ampersand.
name1=value1&name2=value2&name3=value3

Spaces are removed and replaced with the + character and any other nonalphanumeric
characters are replaced with a hexadecimal values. After the information is encoded it
is sent to the server.
Get Method
The GET method sends the encoded user information appended to the page request. The
page and the encoded information are separated by the ?
character.http://www.test.com/index.htm?name1=value1&name2=value2

The GET method produces a long string that appears in your server logs, in the browser's
Location: box.

The GET method is restricted to send upto 1024 characters only.

Never use GET method if we have password or other sensitive information to be sent to the
server.

GET can't be used to send binary data, like images or word documents, to the server.

The data sent by GET method can be accessed using QUERY_STRING environment
variable.

The PHP provides $_GET associative array to access all the sent information using GET
method.
Example
<?php
if( $_GET["name"] || $_GET["age"] )
{
echo "Welcome ". $_GET['name']. "<br />";
echo "You are ". $_GET['age']. " years old.";
exit();
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form action="<?php $_PHP_SELF ?>" method="GET">
Name: <input type="text" name="name" />
Age: <input type="text" name="age" />
<input type="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Post Method
The POST method transfers information via HTTP headers. The information is
encoded as described in case of GET method and put into a header called
QUERY_STRING.

The POST method does not have any restriction on data size to be sent.

The POST method can be used to send ASCII as well as binary data.

The data sent by POST method goes through HTTP header so security
depends on HTTP protocol. By using Secure HTTP we can make sure that
your information is secure.

The PHP provides $_POST associative array to access all the sent information
using GET method.
Example
<?php
if( $_POST["name"] || $_POST["age"] )
{
echo "Welcome ". $_POST['name']. "<br />";
echo "You are ". $_POST['age']. " years old.";
exit();
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form action="<?php $_PHP_SELF ?>" method="POST">

Name: <input type="text" name="name" />


Age: <input type="text" name="age" />

<input type="submit" />


</form>
</body>
</html>
$_REQUEST variable
The PHP $_REQUEST variable can be used to get the result from form data sent with both the GET and
POST methods.
<?php
if( $_REQUEST["name"] || $_REQUEST["age"] )
{
echo "Welcome ". $_REQUEST['name']. "<br />";
echo "You are ". $_REQUEST['age']. " years old.";
exit();
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form action="<?php $_PHP_SELF ?>" method="POST">

Name: <input type="text" name="name" />


Age: <input type="text" name="age" />

<input type="submit" />


</form>
</body>
</html>
Functions
PHP functions are similar to other programming languages. A function is a
piece of code which takes one more input in the form of parameter and does
some processing and returns a value.

There are two part.

Creating a PHP Function

Calling a PHP Function


Creating PHP Function
Its very easy to create our own PHP function. Suppose we want to create a PHP function which will
simply write a simple message on our browser when we will call it. Following example creates a
function called writeMessage() and then calls it just after creating it.
<html>
<head>
<title>Writing PHP Function</title>
</head>
<body>

<?php
/* Defining a PHP Function */
function writeMessage()
{
echo "You are really a nice person, Have a nice time!";
}
/* Calling a PHP Function */
writeMessage();
?>
</body></html>
Function with parameters
PHP gives you option to pass your parameters inside a function. You can pass as many as
parameters your like. These parameters work like variables inside our function.

Following example takes two integer parameters and add them together and then print them .
<html>
<head>
<title>Writing PHP Function with Parameters</title>
</head>
<body>

<?php
function addFunction($num1, $num2)
{
$sum = $num1 + $num2;
echo "Sum of the two numbers is : $sum";
}
addFunction(10, 20);
?>
</body>
</html>
Passing Arguments by
Reference
It is possible to pass arguments to functions by reference. This means that a reference
to the variable is manipulated by the function rather than a copy of the variable's
value.
<html><head>
<title>Passing Argument by Reference</title>
</head><body>
<?php
function addFive($num)
{
$num += 5;
}
function addSix(&$num)
{
$num += 6;
}
$orignum = 10;
addFive( &$orignum );
echo "Original Value is $orignum<br />";
addSix( $orignum );
echo "Original Value is $orignum<br />";
?></body></html>
PHP Functions retruning
value:
A function can return a value using the return
statement in conjunction with a value or
object. return stops the execution of the
function and sends the value back to the
calling code.

We can return more than one value from a


function using return array(1,2,3,4).
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Writing PHP Function which returns value</title>
</head>
<body>

<?php
function addFunction($num1, $num2)
{
$sum = $num1 + $num2;
return $sum;
}
$return_value = addFunction(10, 20);
echo "Returned value from the function : $return_value”
?>
</body>
</html>
Cookies
Cookies are text files stored on the client computer and they are kept of use
tracking purpose. PHP transparently supports HTTP cookies.

There are three steps involved in identifying returning users:

Server script sends a set of cookies to the browser. For example name, age, or
identification number etc.

Browser stores this information on local machine for future use.

When next time browser sends any request to web server then it sends those
cookies information to the server and server uses that information to identify
the user.
Setting Cookies with PHP:
PHP provided setcookie() function to set a cookie. This function requires upto six
arguments and should be called before <html> tag. For each cookie this function has
to be called separately.
setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain, security);

Here is the detail of all the arguments:


Name - This sets the name of the cookie and is stored in an environment variable called
HTTP_COOKIE_VARS. This variable is used while accessing cookies.
Value -This sets the value of the named variable and is the content that you actually want to store.
Expiry - This specify a future time in seconds since 00:00:00 GMT on 1st Jan 1970. After this time
cookie will become inaccessible. If this parameter is not set then cookie will automatically expire
when the Web Browser is closed.
Path -This specifies the directories for which the cookie is valid. A single forward slash character
permits the cookie to be valid for all directories.
Domain - This can be used to specify the domain name in very large domains and must contain at
least two periods to be valid. All cookies are only valid for the host and domain which created
them.
Security - This can be set to 1 to specify that the cookie should only be sent by secure transmission
using HTTPS otherwise set to 0 which mean cookie can be sent by regular HTTP.
Example
<?php
setcookie("name", "John Watkin", time()+3600, "/","", 0);
setcookie("age", "36", time()+3600, "/", "", 0);
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Setting Cookies with PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo "Set Cookies"?>
</body>
</html>
Accessing Cookies with PHP
PHP provides many ways to access cookies.Simplest way is to use either $_COOKIE or
$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS variables.
<html>
<head>
<title>Accessing Cookies with PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo $_COOKIE["name"]. "<br />";
/* is equivalent to */
echo $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS["name"]. "<br />";
echo $_COOKIE["age"] . "<br />";
/* is equivalent to */
echo $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS["name"] . "<br />";
?>
</body>
</html>
You can use isset() function to check if a cookie
is set or not.
<html>
<head>
<title>Accessing Cookies with PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
if( isset($_COOKIE["name"]))
echo "Welcome " . $_COOKIE["name"] . "<br />";
else
echo "Sorry... Not recognized" . "<br />";
?>
</body>
</html>
Deleting Cookie with PHP
Officially, to delete a cookie you should call setcookie() with the name argument only but
this does not always work well, however, and should not be relied on.

It is safest to set the cookie with a date that has already expired:
<?php
setcookie( "name", "", time()- 60, "/","", 0);
setcookie( "age", "", time()- 60, "/","", 0);
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Deleting Cookies with PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo "Deleted Cookies" ?>
</body>
</html>
Session

An alternative way to make data accessible


across the various pages of an entire website
is to use a PHP Session.

A session creates a file in a temporary directory


on the server where registered session
variables and their values are stored. This
data will be available to all pages on the site
during that visit.
Starting a PHP Session:
A PHP session is easily started by making a call to the
session_start() function.This function first checks if a
session is already started and if none is started then
it starts one. It is recommended to put the call to
session_start() at the beginning of the page.

Session variables are stored in associative array


called $_SESSION[]. These variables can be
accessed during lifetime of a session.

.
Example The following example starts a session
then register a variable called counter that is incremented
each time the page is visited during the session.Make use of
isset() function to check if session variable is already set or
<?php
not
session_start();
if( isset( $_SESSION['counter'] ) )
{
$_SESSION['counter'] += 1;
}
else
{
$_SESSION['counter'] = 1;
}
$msg = "You have visited this page ". $_SESSION['counter'];
$msg .= "in this session.";
?>
<html>
<head>
<title>Setting up a PHP session</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo ( $msg ); ?>
</body>
</html>
Destroying a PHP Session:
A PHP session can be destroyed by session_destroy() function. This function
does not need any argument and a single call can destroy all the session
variables. If we want to destroy a single session variable then we can use
unset() function to unset a session variable.

Here is the example to unset a single variable:


<?php
unset($_SESSION['counter']);
?>

Here is the call which will destroy all the session variables
:<?php
session_destroy();
?>
Object Oriented
Programming in PHP
The general form for defining a new class in PHP is as follows:
<?php
class phpClass{
var $var1;
var $var2 = "constant string";
function myfunc ($arg1, $arg2) {
[..]
}
[..]
}
?>

Here is the description of each line:


The special form class, followed by the name of the class that you want to define.
A set of braces enclosing any number of variable declarations and function definitions.
Variable declarations start with the special form var, which is followed by a conventional $ variable
name; they may also have an initial assignment to a constant value.
Function definitions look much like standalone PHP functions but are local to the class and will be
used to set and access object data.
Class
<?php
class Books{
/* Member variables */ var $price; var $title;
/* Member functions */
function setPrice($par){
$this->price = $par; }
function getPrice(){
echo $this->price ."<br/>“; }
function setTitle($par){
$this->title = $par; }
function getTitle(){
echo $this->title ." <br/>“; } }
$physics = new Books; $maths = new Books; $chemistry = new Books;
$physics->setTitle( "Physics for High School" ); $chemistry->setTitle( "Advanced Chemistry" );
$maths->setTitle( "Algebra" );
$physics->setPrice( 10 ); $chemistry->setPrice( 15 ); $maths->setPrice( 7 );
$physics->getTitle(); $chemistry->getTitle(); $maths->getTitle();
$physics->getPrice(); $chemistry->getPrice(); $maths->getPrice();
?>
Output:
PHP-MySQL

PHP will work with virtually all database


software, including Oracle and Sybase but
most commonly used is freely available
MySQL database
Opening Database
Connection:
PHP provides mysql_connect function to open a database connection. This
function takes five parameters and returns a MySQL link identifier on
success, or FALSE on failure.
Syntax:connection mysql_connect(server,user,passwd,new_link,client_flag);
server Optional - The host name running database server. If not specified then default value is
localhost:3036.
user Optional - The username accessing the database. If not specified then default is the name of
the user that owns the server process.
passwd Optional - The password of the user accessing the database. If not specified then default is an
empty password.
new_link Optional - If a second call is made to mysql_connect() with the same arguments, no new
connection will be established; instead, the identifier of the already opened connection will be returned.
client_flags Optional - A combination of the following constants:
MYSQL_CLIENT_SSL - Use SSL encryption
MYSQL_CLIENT_COMPRESS - Use compression protocol
MYSQL_CLIENT_IGNORE_SPACE - Allow space after function names
MYSQL_CLIENT_INTERACTIVE - Allow interactive timeout seconds of inactivity before closing the
connection
Closing Database
Connection:
Its simplest function mysql_close PHP provides
to close a database connection. This function
takes connection resource returned by
mysql_connect function. It returns TRUE on
success or FALSE on failure.
Syntax:bool
mysql_close ( resource $link_identifier );
If a resource is not specified then last opend
database is closed.
Example
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = ‘root';
$dbpass = ‘';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_close($conn);
?>
Creating a Database:

To create and delete a database we should have admin


priviledge. Its very easy to create a new MySQL
database. PHP uses mysql_query function to create a
MySQL database. This function takes two parameters
and returns TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
Syntax:bool mysql_query( sql, connection );
sql Required - SQL query to create a database
connection Optional - if not specified then last opened
connection by mysql_connect will be used.
Example
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = ‘';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
$sql = 'CREATE Database test_db';
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not create database: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Database test_db created successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
Selecting a Database:
Once we establish a connection with a database server then it is required
to select a particular database where our all the tables are associated.

This is required because there may be multiple databases residing on a


single server and we can do work with a single database at a time.

PHP provides function mysql_select_db to select a database.It returns


TRUE on success or FALSE on failure.
Syntax:bool mysql_select_db( db_name, connection );

db_name Required - Database name to be selected


connection Optional - if not specified then last opened connection by
mysql_connect will be used.
Example
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = ‘root';
$dbpass = ‘';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
mysql_select_db( 'test_db' );
mysql_close($conn);
?>
Creating Database Tables:
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = ‘';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo 'Connected successfully';
$sql = 'CREATE TABLE employee( '.
'emp_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, '.
'emp_name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, '.
'emp_address VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL, '.
'emp_salary INT NOT NULL, '.
'join_date timestamp(14) NOT NULL, '.
'primary key ( emp_id ))';

mysql_select_db('test_db');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not create table: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Table employee created successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
Insert data into MySQL
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = ‘';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'INSERT INTO employee '.
'(emp_name,emp_address, emp_salary, join_date) '.
'VALUES ( "guest", "XYZ", 2000, NOW() )';

mysql_select_db('test_db');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not enter data: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Entered data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
Getting Data From MySQL
Database
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'SELECT emp_id, emp_name, emp_salary FROM employee';

mysql_select_db('test_db');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo "EMP ID :{$row['emp_id']} <br> ".
"EMP NAME : {$row['emp_name']} <br> ".
"EMP SALARY : {$row['emp_salary']} <br> ".
"--------------------------------<br>";
}
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
Updating Data into MySQL
Database
<html>
<head>
<title>Update a Record in MySQL Database</title>
</head>
<body>

<?php
if(isset($_POST['update']))
{
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}

$emp_id = $_POST['emp_id'];
$emp_salary = $_POST['emp_salary'];

$sql = "UPDATE employee ".


"SET emp_salary = $emp_salary ".
"WHERE emp_id = $emp_id" ;

mysql_select_db('test_db');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not update data: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Updated data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
}
else
{
?>
<form method="post" action="<?php $_PHP_SELF ?>">
<table width="400" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td width="100">Employee ID</td>
<td><input name="emp_id" type="text" id="emp_id"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100">Employee Salary</td>
<td><input name="emp_salary" type="text" id="emp_salary"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100"> </td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100"> </td>
<td>
<input name="update" type="submit" id="update" value="Update">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<?php
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Deleting Data from MySQL
Database
<?php
if(isset($_POST['delete']))
{
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}

$emp_id = $_POST['emp_id'];

$sql = "DELETE employee ".


"WHERE emp_id = $emp_id" ;

mysql_select_db('test_db');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not delete data: ' . mysql_error());
}
echo "Deleted data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);

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