Basics of Computer

Graphics and Adobe

Photoshop
What is Computer Graphics all
about?
• What is Computer Graphics?
• Computer Graphics including digital images, animations, and interactive
graphics used in various sectors such as entertainment, education, scientific
visualization, and virtual reality. Computer Graphics can be used in UI design,
rendering, geometric objects, animation, and many more. In most areas,
computer graphics is an abbreviation of CG.
Computer Graphics refers to several things
• The manipulation and the representation of the image or the data in a
graphical manner.
• Various technology is required for the creation and manipulation.
• Digital synthesis and its manipulation.
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Types of Computer Graphics
Raster Graphics: In raster, graphics pixels are used for an image to be
drawn. It is also known as a bitmap image in which a sequence of
images is into smaller pixels. Basically, a bitmap indicates a large
number of pixels together.
Vector Graphics: In vector graphics, mathematical formulae are used to
draw different types of shapes, lines, objects, and so on.
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Applications of Computer Graphics
There are many applications of computer graphics discussed below-
• Computer Graphics are used for the aided design of systems engineering and architectural
systems- These are used in electrical automobiles and electro-mechanical, and electronic
devices. For example gears and bolts.
• Computer Art – MS Paint.
• Presentation Graphics – It is used to summarize financial statistical scientific or economic
data. For example- Bar charts systems and line charts.
• Entertainment- It is used in motion pictures, music videos, and television gaming.
• Education and training- It is used to understand the operations of complex systems. It is also
used for specialized systems such as framing for captains, pilots, and so on.
• Visualization- To study trends and patterns. For example- Analyzing satellite photos of earth.
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How To Get Started in Computer Graphics
Step by step process to getting started with computer graphics-
• Step-1: Understanding the basics
• Learn the fundamental and basics of computer graphics such as
rendering, shading, animation, and modeling. Learn basic concepts of
mathematics like linear algebra, geometry, and calculus as well as basic
principles of physics that support computer graphics.
• Step-2: Choose Your Area of Interest
• Choose your area of interest like 2D-Graphics, 3D-Graphics, Animation,
and special effect.
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Step-3: Learn Programming
• Learn programming language that is used in graphics, such as Python,
C++, and JavaScript. Learn about Graphics Libraries and APIs like
OpenGL, Vulkan, DirectX, and frameworks like WebGL that is used in
web based graphics.
• Step-4: Use Graphics Software
• Learn about modeling and animation tools such as Blender
, Autodesk Maya, or 3ds Max for 3D modeling and animation. Learn
about 2D-Graphics software like Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, and
GIMP.
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Types of computer graphics?
There are two types of computer graphics
Raster (Bitmap) graphics
• Raster graphics are two-dimensional images made up of pixels arranged in a grid. They are often used for
digital photographs, but can also be used for illustrations, logos, and more.
How raster graphics work
• Each pixel is a tiny dot of color that contains information about its hue or shade
• The more pixels an image has, the higher its quality
• The quality of a raster image depends on the number of pixels and the resolution
• When you zoom in on a raster image, you can see the individual pixels
Advantages of raster graphics
• Can display a wide range of colors
• Can show finer light and shading than vector images
Disadvantages of raster graphics
• Can lose image quality when resized
• Can appear blocky or pixelated when enlarged
• Can have larger file sizes
• Square pixels may not transfer well to fabrics and clothing
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Examples of raster graphics include photographs, computer monitors,
and screenshots.
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Vector Graphics
• Vector graphics are computer images created using a sequence of
commands or mathematical statements that place lines and shapes in a
two-dimensional or three-dimensional space.
• In vector graphics, a graphic artist's work, or file, is created and saved as a
sequence of vector statements. A vector graphic file describes a series of
points to be connected.
• These files are sometimes called geometric files. Images created with tools
such as Adobe Illustrator and Corel's CorelDRAW are usually vector image
files.
• Simplified, vector graphics are like connect-the-dots drawings.
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What are vector graphics used for?
• Graphic artists, illustrators and designers use vector graphics for a
variety of reasons, including the following:
• Scalability. Vector formats are good for projects that require scalable
graphics, including scalable type and text. For example, company and
brand logos are displayed in different sizes; they show up in the
corner of a mobile application or on a roadside billboard. A logo
created with vector graphics can be scaled up or down without loss of
quality or creating a large file.
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• App and web development. Vector graphics are useful in application and
web development because web apps and the graphics they contain must
work with various screen sizes and device types. For instance, Amazon
WorkLink is a mobile app that enables a fully interactive representation of
corporate data on an employee's mobile device.
• Animation. Animated images are also usually created as vector files, which
provide for cleaner and smoother images.
• Computer-aided design (CAD). CAD programs frequently use vector files
for manufacturing, engineering and design because of their scalability and
ease when it comes to editing the mathematical formulas.
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Advantages
• Scalability. As previously mentioned, this is the main advantage of vector graphics. Because vector
graphics are derived from mathematical vector relationships, or relationships between points that
create lines and curves, they appear clean and exact at any size.
• Small file size. Vector graphics generally have a small file size because they only store a small
number of points and the mathematical relationships between them. Those relationships are
expressed in code, which is less memory-intensive compared to storing pixels.
• Easy to edit. Vector files are easy to edit because users can change vector relationships fast to swap
out colors or change line shapes, for example. This is useful in an iterative process, like graphic
design, that requires a lot of editing.
• Easy to load. Because file sizes are smaller, it is easy to port and load vector files to different devices
and programs.
• Easy to duplicate. It is also easy to create clones of a vector image and copy certain features of one
graphic to another.
• Precision. The ability to scale vector graphics up or down means they have a precise look and feel.
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Disadvantages
• Less detail. Vector files are limited in dealing with complex images. For
instance, photographs require color shading and blending that vector files
cannot provide as well as raster files.
• Skill and time requirements. Vector files can require more skill and time to
create.
• Limited browser support. There is less support for vector graphics on web
browsers than for raster graphics.
• Inconsistency. Vector images can vary from one application to another,
depending on how compatible the rendering and creating applications are,
among other factors.
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 Getting Started
with
Adobe Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop is a critical tool for designers, web developers,
graphic artists, photographers, and creative professionals. It is widely
used for image editing, retouching, creating image compositions,
website mockups, and adding effects. Digital or scanned images can be
edited for use online or in-print.
Adobe Photoshop is a software program that allows users to edit,
retouch, and create images. It's used by many creative professionals,
including photographers, graphic artists, and web developers.
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What can you do with Photoshop?
• Edit images: Crop, resize, rotate, and adjust the composition of images
• Create graphics: Create stand-alone graphics or collages, and layer
images together
• Design websites: Create mockups and layouts for websites
• Add effects: Add effects to images, such as adjusting lighting or
correcting color
• Customize for branding: Use style presets to create consistent brand
assets
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What are some basic tasks in Photoshop?
• Cropping
• Resizing
• Rotating
• Selecting areas of an image
• Adjusting colors
• Adding guides and rulers
• Making basic global adjustments