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HCI CH 2

Chapter 2 of the document discusses the role of humans in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), focusing on information input/output, memory, reasoning, emotion, and individual differences. It highlights how sensory modalities, memory types, and cognitive processes influence user interactions with systems, as well as the importance of designing for diverse user characteristics. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact of emotions on user experience and the necessity for accessibility and customization in design.

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4 views15 pages

HCI CH 2

Chapter 2 of the document discusses the role of humans in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), focusing on information input/output, memory, reasoning, emotion, and individual differences. It highlights how sensory modalities, memory types, and cognitive processes influence user interactions with systems, as well as the importance of designing for diverse user characteristics. Additionally, it emphasizes the impact of emotions on user experience and the necessity for accessibility and customization in design.

Uploaded by

nimona2024hirko
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 2: Human in HCI

2.1 Information Input/Output

 Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) involves


 Understanding how humans process and
interact with information.
 The input/output process in humans relates to
sensory perception, cognitive processing, and
response generation.
Cont..
Information Input:
Sensory Modalities: Humans receive input through
senses, primarily vision, hearing, touch, smell, and
taste.
Visual Perception: The most dominant mode in HCI,
influenced by factors like color, contrast, and spatial
positioning.
Cont..

Auditory Perception: Used in interactions such as


voice assistants and alerts.
Haptic Feedback: Touch-based input, including
gestures and vibrations in devices.
Multimodal Input: Combination of multiple
sensory channels, such as speech and gestures.
Cont..
Information Output:
Visual Display: Text, images, videos, and
animations used to present information.
Auditory Output: Sound notifications, voice
responses.
Haptic Feedback: Vibration and force feedback for
enhancing user experience.
Multisensory Output: Integration of visual,
auditory, and haptic cues for richer interactions.
2.2 Memory
Memory plays a crucial role in how users interact
with systems and retain information.
Types of Human Memory:
Sensory Memory: Holds brief sensory impressions
before passing to short-term memory.
Short-Term Memory (STM): Stores limited
information temporarily, important for immediate
tasks.
Long-Term Memory (LTM): Stores information for
extended periods, aiding in recognition and recall.
Memory in HCI:

Chunking: Breaking down information into smaller


units to aid memory retention.
Recognition vs. Recall: Interfaces should support
recognition-based retrieval (e.g., icons, menus)
over recall.
Cognitive Load: Designing interfaces that reduce
the burden on short-term memory.
Consistency: Familiar layouts and commands
improve recall and usability.
2.3 Reasoning, Problem
Solving, Skill, and Error
Users interact with systems based on their cognitive
abilities, experience, and problem-solving skills.
Reasoning in HCI:
Deductive Reasoning: Applying general rules to
specific cases.
Inductive Reasoning: Deriving general rules from
specific experiences.
Abductive Reasoning: Making educated guesses
based on incomplete data
Problem Solving in HCI:

Trial and Error: Users experiment to achieve


desired results.
Heuristic-based Approach: Using learned
experiences to navigate systems.
Algorithmic Approach: Following a step-by-step
method for problem resolution.
Skill Acquisition:

Cognitive Phase: Learning new skills through


conscious effort.
Associative Phase: Refining performance with
experience.
Autonomous Phase: Performing tasks
effortlessly with minimal cognitive load.
Errors in HCI:

Slip Errors: Unintentional mistakes due to


distraction.
Mistakes: Errors due to incorrect understanding
or planning.
Error Prevention: Designing systems with clear
instructions, undo options, and user guidance.
2.4 Emotion

Emotion significantly impacts user experience and


decision-making in HCI.
Role of Emotion in HCI:
Affective Computing: Designing systems that
recognize and respond to human emotions.
Emotional Design: Creating interfaces that evoke
positive emotions (e.g., friendly UI, animations).
Frustration and Stress Management: Minimizing
negative experiences through intuitive designs.
Emotion and User
Engagement:
Positive Emotions: Encourage exploration,
creativity, and satisfaction.
Negative Emotions: Lead to frustration, errors,
and system abandonment.
Feedback and Rewards: Positive reinforcement
enhances motivation (e.g., achievement badges,
progress indicators).
2.5 Individual Differences
Users have varying characteristics that affect how they
interact with systems.
Factors Influencing Individual Differences:
Age: Younger users adapt faster to new technologies,
while older users may require simpler interfaces.
Cognitive Abilities: Memory, attention span, and problem-
solving skills differ among users.
Experience Level: Novices and experts interact differently
with systems.
Cultural Background: Design preferences and
interpretations vary across cultures.
Physical Abilities: Accessibility features cater to users with
disabilities (e.g., screen readers, voice commands).
Designing for Individual
Differences:
Customization: Allow users to personalize their
experience.
Accessibility: Ensure compliance with
accessibility standards (e.g., WCAG guidelines).
User Testing: Conduct diverse usability tests to
accommodate various user groups.
Discussion Point

1. Human short-term memory has a limited span.

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