Strings

• Sequence of characters and not a primitive data type

• Example: Hello
• In java, strings are objects.
• The class “String” comes under java.lang package.
• Internally string is implemented as a character array.
• E.g:
H e l l 0
How to create a string?
Two ways to create a string:
1) String literal
2) Using new keyword
String literal:
String str = “Hello”
Using new Keyword:
String s = new String(“Hello”)
1 // Predict the output
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String str = "Programming";
6 String s = new String("World");
7 System.out.println(str);
8 System.out.println(s);
9 }
10 }
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String Literal - String str =
“Hello”
How it is working in the backend?

str Hello

String pool

Heap
String Literal - String str =
“Hello”
How it is working in the backend?
String str1 = “Hello”

str Hello

str1

String pool

Heap
new - String s = new
String(“Hello”)
How it is working in the backend?

str Hello

str1

s
String pool

Heap
new - String s = new
String(“Hello”)
How it is working in the backend?

str Hello

str1

s Hello

String pool

Heap
1 // Predict the output of the below code
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String str = "Hello";
6 String str1 = "Hello";
7 String str2 = new String("Hello");
8 System.out.println(str == str1);
9 System.out.println(str == str2);
10 }
11 }
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Output
true
false
1 // Predict the output of the below code
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String str1 = "Hello";
6 String str2 = "Hello";
7 String s1 = new String("Hello");
8 String s2 = new String("Hello");
9 System.out.println(str1 == str2);
10 System.out.println(str2 == s1);
11 System.out.println(s1 == s2);
12 }
13 }
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Output
true
false
false
1 // Predict the output of the below code
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String s1 = new String("Noughat");
6 String s2 = new String("Noughat");
7 System.out.println(s1 == s2);
8 System.out.println(s1.equals(s2));
9 }
10 }
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Output
false
true
 Question 1
Write a Java code to check whether the input string matches with
the word “Dhoni”

Sample Sample
Input:
Kohli Output:
Not matching
1 // Solution
2
3 import java.util.Scanner;
4 class Main{
5 public static void main(String args[]){
6 Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
7 String str = "Dhoni";
8 String s = in.next();
9 if(str.equals(s)){
10 System.out.print("Matching");
11 }
12 else{
13 System.out.print("Not matching");
14 }
15 }
16 }
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The length() method
The java String length() method returns the length of the string
The length of the string will be an integer
1 // Predict the output of the below code
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String str = "Programming";
6 System.out.println(str.length());
7 String s = "Let's continue";
8 System.out.println(s.length());
9 }
10 }
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Output
11
14
The charAt() method
The java String charAt() method returns a char value at the given
index number
The index number starts from 0 and goes up to (n-1), where n is
length of the string.
1 // Predict the output of the below code
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String str = "Java";
6 char ch = str.charAt(2);
7 System.out.println(ch);
8 System.out.println(str.charAt(3));
9 System.out.println(str.charAt(4));
10 System.out.println(str.charAt(-1));
11 }
12 }
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Output
v
a
Error
The toUpperCase() method
The java String toUpperCase() method converts all the lowercase
characters of a string into uppercase
It will not alter the already existing uppercase characters in the
string.
E.g: System.out.print(“You are on the right track”.toUpperCase());
Output: YOU ARE ON THE RIGHT TRACK
The toLowerCase() method
The java String toLowerCase() method converts all the uppercase
characters of a string into lowercase
It will not alter the already existing lowercase characters in the
string.
E.g: System.out.print(“YOU ARE ON THE RIGHT
TRACK”.toLowerCase());
Output: you are on the right track
The concat() method
The Java string concat() method allows you to join two strings.
This method returns a string with the value of the string passed into
the method is appended to the end of the string.
E.g:
String s1 = "Nice ";
String s2 = " Day";
System.out.println(s1.concat(s2));
Output: Nice Day
+ operator
+ operator is also used to concatenate strings
E.g:
System.out.println("You " + "are " + "the " + "best");
Output:
You are the best
1 // Predict the output
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String[] args) {
5 String s = "Are", t = "you", u = "ready";
6 System.out.println(s + t + u);
7 System.out.println(s.concat(t));
8 }
9 }
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1 // Predict the output
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String s = 50 + 50 + "error" + 50 + 50;
6 System.out.println(s);
7 }
8 }
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1 // Predict the output
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3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String s = "Apple";
6 int a = 10;
7 System.out.println(s + a);
8 System.out.println(s.concat(a));
9 }
10 }
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1 // Predict the output
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String s = "Apple";
6 String r = null;
7 System.out.println(s + r);
8 System.out.println(s.concat(r));
9 }
10 }
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1 // Predict the output
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3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String s = "Great", t = "";
6 String u = s.concat(t);
7 if(u == s){
8 System.out.println("Same");
9 }
10 else{
11 System.out.println("Not same");
12 }
13 String e = s + t;
14 if (e == s){
15 System.out.println("Same");
16 }
17 else{
18 System.out.println("Not same");
19 }
20 }
21 }
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1 // Predict the output
2
3 class Main{
4 public static void main(String args[]){
5 String s = "Great", t = "H";
6 String u = s.concat(t);
7 if(u == s){
8 System.out.println("Same");
9 }
10 else{
11 System.out.println("Not same");
12 }
13 String e = s + t;
14 if (e == s){
15 System.out.println("Same");
16 }
17 else{
18 System.out.println("Not same");
19 }
20 }
21 }
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 Question 2
Write a Java program to accept two strings from user and perform
the following operations:
1) Find the length of both input strings
2) Concatenation of two strings
3) Convert the first string into uppercase

Sample Sample
Input:
Hello Output:
5 10
Developers Hello Developers
HELLO
1 // Solution
2
3 import java.util.Scanner;
4 class Main{
5 public static void main(String args[]){
6 Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
7 String str1 = in.nextLine();
8 String str2 = in.nextLine();
9 System.out.println(str1.length() + " " + str2.length());
10 System.out.println(str1.concat(str2));
11 System.out.print(str1.toUpperCase());
12 }
13 }
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 Question 3
Write a Java code to check whether the given string is palindrome
or not.
If the given string is a palindrome, then print “Yes”. Otherwise,
print “No”.

Sample Sample
Input:
spacecaps Output:
Yes
1 // Solution
2
3 import java.util.Scanner;
4 class Main{
5 public static void main(String args[]) {
6 Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
7 String str = scan.nextLine();
8 int str_len = str.length();
9 int end = str_len - 1;
10 int front = 0;
11 boolean is_palindrome = true;
12 while(front < end){
13 if(str.charAt(front) != str.charAt(end))
14 {
15 is_palindrome = false;
16 break;
17 }
18 front++;
19 end--;
20 }
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1 // Solution
2
3 if(is_palindrome == true){
4 System.out.println("Yes");
5 }
6 else{
7 System.out.println("No");
8 }
9 }
10 }
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THANK YOU