Advanced Parking Management

Team-19
• K. Aditya Sai Chinmay(22P61A6787)
Project Guide: • K. Bharath(22P61A6789)
Ms. K. Spandana • M. Manisha(22P61A67B0)
Introduction
In today's urban landscapes, finding a parking spot can be a frustrating experience, often leading to
wasted time and increased traffic congestion.
To address this challenge, the concept of smart parking booking systems has emerged as a promising
solution.
By integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology with user-friendly mobile and web applications, these
systems aim to streamline the parking process, reduce congestion, and enhance overall user satisfaction.
This project focuses on developing a comprehensive smart parking system that provides real-time
parking availability updates, secure booking options, and efficient payment processing, ultimately
transforming the parking experience into a more efficient, convenient, and sustainable one.
Abstract
Obtaining a parking space in cities can be a dreadful task as it often entails a lot of wastage of time and
increase of traffic volumes. Consequently, the solution presented via this study is aimed at the creation of a
smart parking booking system, which combines the advantages of Internet of Things (IoT)-implanted
technologies and mobile/web applications. Our proposed system and approach works with IoT sensors that
provide information on parking availability to any registered user and allows booking of spaces in an advanced
manner through a friendly user interface and offers real time information. This reduces not only time wastage
but also the frustration which goes with parking search. By taking the process of parking from its traditional
context and reengineering it with ICT, the system tends to reduce congestion, pollution and also enhance
satisfaction of car owners. It also offers parking stakeholders and other relevant organizational leaders with
very insightful aspects aimed at improving the efficiency of resources use and income well-structured in
particular areas. This includes the provision of suitable solutions to the problems of use and management of the
urban parking lots. We aim to implement a new philosophy of parking management in a specific rather
historical way.
Literature Survey
Global Real-Time Parking Solutions
1. Way leader(2016)
•Overview: A smart parking management platform
that automates space bookings and provides real-time
availability.
•Key Features:
• Instant space reservations and real-time
availability updates.
• Automated notifications to prevent double-
booking.
• Integration with access control and property
management systems.
• Dynamic pricing based on demand.
• Data-driven insights for optimizing parking
allocation.
•Use Cases: Ideal for offices, residential complexes,
and commercial properties.
2. SF park (2011)
•Overview: A city-managed system that adjusts parking prices
based on demand to maintain availability.
•Key Features:
• Smart meters with dynamic pricing to ensure about
15% vacancy on each block.
• Sensors embedded in the asphalt monitor real-time
parking usage.
• Availability and pricing information accessible via
website and mobile apps.
3. Park PGH (Pittsburgh, USA)
•Overview: A predictive parking system that forecasts
space availability using real-time and historical data.
•Key Features:
• Updates every 30 seconds with predictions for
10 downtown lots.
• Accessible via iPhone app, website, SMS, and
phone.
• Provides information on rates and special events
affecting parking demand.
Current System Challenges
1. Business Challenges:
• High Cost of Implementation
• Awareness and Acceptance
2. Technical Challenges:
• Accuracy of Information
• Availability of Standard IoT Tools
• Legacy Systems Integration
3. Operational Challenges:
• Skill Gaps
• Organizational Resistance
4. Environmental and Sustainability:
• Sustainability and Environmental Impact
Problem Statement
Traditional urban parking systems face significant inefficiencies due to manual management and outdated
infrastructure, resulting in wasted time, increased congestion, and environmental harm. Drivers often spend
excessive time searching for available parking, which contributes substantially to urban traffic congestion and
increases vehicle emissions. Despite high demand in busy areas, many parking spaces remain underutilized
because of poor allocation and lack of real-time information. Large areas of urban land are dedicated to parking
lots, which contributes to urban sprawl and environmental issues such as heat island effects. Static pricing models
and limited coordination among stakeholders lead to overcrowding in some parking facilities while others remain
vacant, causing further inefficiencies. Additionally, many drivers resist paying for parking, which encourages
prolonged searching for free spaces and worsens congestion. These challenges demonstrate the need for smart
parking solutions that use IoT technology, real-time data, and dynamic pricing to improve space utilization, reduce
emissions, and enhance the overall urban mobility experience.
Proposed System
1. IoT Sensors and Detectors
2. Communication Systems
3. Central Server and Database
4. User Interface
5. Payment Gateway
6. Guidance and Access Control
Functional Requirements

Parking Space Detection

Booking System
Payment Integration
User Verification
Non-functional Requirements
Scalability
Performance
Security
Usability
Compatibility
Architecture
Data Processing Algorithms
1. AVL Tree-Based Algorithm:
• Efficiently searches for optimal parking spaces based on driving
time and walking distance.
2. Dynamic Pricing Algorithm:
• Adjusts parking prices in real-time using polynomial regression to
manage demand.
3. Simulated Annealing Algorithm:
• Optimizes queue management by minimizing waiting times.
4. Path Planning Algorithms:
• Guides drivers to the nearest available parking space efficiently.
5. Reservation-Based Algorithms:
• Manages dynamic parking reservations to ensure easy spot finding.
System Overview
1. Real-Time Parking Availability:
• Users can view available parking spaces in real-time through the app or web interface.
2. Booking and Reservation:
• Users can book parking spaces in advance, ensuring a guaranteed spot upon arrival.
3. Payment Processing:
• Secure payment processing through the app or web interface.
4. Security and Surveillance:
• Includes surveillance cameras and access control systems to enhance safety within the parking
facility.
Coding
Coding
Implementation Screen Shots
Implementation Screen Shots
 Experimental Results and Testing
Expected
Test Case Description Status
Result
User Register and Account
Registration login with created / ✔️Pass
/Login OTP/email login success
Detect slot
Slot System
vacancy
Availability updates in <5 ✔️Pass
change via
Update seconds
1. Functional Testing :- sensor
Booking
Booking & Select slot confirmed +
✔️Pass
Payment and pay receipt
generated
Double Try to book
Booking
Booking already- ✔️Pass
denied
Prevention reserved slot
Cancel
Booking Refund
booking 10
Cancellation initiated ✔️Pass
min prior to
& Refund (partial/full)
slot time
 Metric Result Target Status
Avg. API
2.8 seconds < 5 seconds ✅ Pass
Response Time
2. Performance Testing
Max Concurrent
5 300 ✅ Pass
➤ Metrics Monitored: Users Tested
•Response time for availability updates
•Server load capacity Slot Update
Every 8 seconds ≤ 10 seconds ✅ Pass
Frequency
•Booking throughput per minute
•Payment gateway success rate Booking Success
96% ≥ 95% ✅ Pass
Rate

Payment Gateway
99% ≥ 99% ✅ Pass
Uptime
 Feedback Area User Rating (Avg out of 5)
3. User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
Ease of Booking 4.7
➤ Method:
•Conducted with 5 real users (drivers) Real-time Accuracy 4.6
•Duration: 2 weeks in a pilot parking lot (urban
mall + residential)
Payment Process 4.5

Navigation to Lot 4.4

Overall Satisfaction 4.6

Limitations
Drawbacks:
• High Initial Costs
• Technical Challenges
• Maintenance Issues
• Privacy Concerns
Result
Conclusions
In conclusion, the proposed parking management system addresses current challenges through innovative
technology and well-defined requirements. By implementing real-time availability updates and advanced
algorithms, the system promises to improve user experiences and optimize parking resource management
effectively.
References
Sensor networks cite Miorandi et al. (2012) for LoRaWAN/Zigbee, while edge computing principles derive
from Shi et al. (2016).
UI development follows Flutter/React.js documentation. Smart city integration references Zanella et al.
(2014) and EV studies (Sovacool et al., 2021).
LSTM (Hochreiter et al., 1997) and reinforcement learning (Sutton et al., 2018) underpin demand forecasting.
Security protocols incorporate blockchain (Nakamoto, 2008) and payment APIs (Stripe/PayPal).
Case studies include Barcelona (Hernández-Muñoz et al., 2011) and Singapore (Zhang et al., 2020).
Hardware standards align with Arduino/Raspberry Pi manuals, while scalability adheres to AWS guidelines.
Emissions data references IPCC (2023) and urban planning (Gehl, 2010).
Thank you!