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Sensors and Converters Presentation[1]

The document provides an overview of sensors and converters, explaining their roles in measuring physical properties and converting analogue data to digital form using ADCs. It details the function of DACs in controlling devices and outlines the processes of monitoring and control systems based on sensor readings. Common applications of various sensors, such as temperature and humidity, are also highlighted.

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ghana mumtaz
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3 views20 pages

Sensors and Converters Presentation[1]

The document provides an overview of sensors and converters, explaining their roles in measuring physical properties and converting analogue data to digital form using ADCs. It details the function of DACs in controlling devices and outlines the processes of monitoring and control systems based on sensor readings. Common applications of various sensors, such as temperature and humidity, are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

ghana mumtaz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sensors and

Converters
SYE DA G H A N A M U M TA Z
Introduction to Sensors
• Sensors are input devices that measure physical properties from
surroundings.
• Examples: Temperature, Pressure, Acidity, Length, etc.
• Real data is analogue and needs to be interpreted by computers.
• Analogue data must be converted to digital form.
Analogue to Digital
Converter (ADC)
• Computers require physical values to be converted into digital values.
• ADC devices perform this conversion.
• Real-world examples: Temperature readings, pressure sensors.
Digital to Analogue
Converter (DAC)
• DACs are needed to control devices like motors and valves.
• Actuators often require analogue signals to function.
• Examples: Controlling speed of motors or opening valves.
Understanding Sensor
Readings
• Sensors send continuous data; they don’t update only at changes.
• Microprocessors analyze incoming sensor data.
• Output actions are based on maintaining parameters.
• Known as 'feedback' mechanism.
Common Sensors and Applications

• Temperature: Central heating, Chemical


processes,
Greenhouse monitoring
• Moisture: Soil monitoring, Greenhouses,
Food factories
• Humidity: Building and factory monitoring
• Light: Street lights, Car headlights
• Infrared: Car safety systems, Security alarms
Common steps
1. Sensors Send Signals
•Sensors detect data from the environment (e.g., temperature, pressure,
light).
•These signals are sent to a microprocessor or computer.
2. Signal Conversion (ADC)
•If the signals are analogue, they are converted to digital form using an
Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC).
•This makes the data readable by the computer.
3. Data Analysis
•The computer/microprocessor receives the digital data.
•It then compares the input data to stored acceptable values (reference
values or thresholds).
At this point, the process can go in two directions depending on the result:
A. Monitoring System (Left Side –
Yellow Boxes)

•If the data is outside the acceptable range:


• A warning message may be shown on a screen or an alarm may be activated.

•The microprocessor does not take any action to change the system.
• It simply monitors and reports the status.

🔁 This is called a Monitoring System – it just watches, no control.


Examples
Street lights
Central heated air conditioning system
B. Control System (Right Side – Blue Boxes)

•If the data is outside the acceptable range:

• The computer sends signals to take action, such as adjusting a motor, opening
a valve, etc.

•These actions affect the system and produce new sensor inputs.
• This creates a feedback loop, where the system keeps adjusting based on
sensor input.

🔁 This is called a Control System – it actively changes things to fix the


condition.
Examples
Monitoring of patient
Alarm system
Monitoring pollution level in air

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