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Lesson1 Philo2025

The document serves as an introduction to the philosophy of the human person, emphasizing the importance of wonder and critical examination in the pursuit of truth and wisdom. It outlines the definitions, implications, and branches of philosophy, while encouraging reflective thinking and holistic perspectives. The text also discusses the historical context of philosophy and its relevance in understanding human existence and decision-making.

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18 views38 pages

Lesson1 Philo2025

The document serves as an introduction to the philosophy of the human person, emphasizing the importance of wonder and critical examination in the pursuit of truth and wisdom. It outlines the definitions, implications, and branches of philosophy, while encouraging reflective thinking and holistic perspectives. The text also discusses the historical context of philosophy and its relevance in understanding human existence and decision-making.

Uploaded by

draconguard
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 38

A RUN THROUGH

ON THE
SUBJECT:
Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human
Person

“Philosophy
begins in
To wonder means to realize that
Implication
there is something strange behind the
things that we ordinarily perceive.
To wonder is to notice something
extraordinary in the ordinary things
we see. The sense of wonder drives us
to question, examine and learn
more…
Lesson 1:
Doing
Philosop
hy
ctivity #01: What comes to your mind
when you encounter the
word Philosophy?

Think of a word/s that


capture the meaning
of philosophy Page 4
Etymological Definition
Philosophy comes from the Greek words:
______________ and ______________ which
means __________________________

While the term “philosophos” means


“lover of wisdom”, and was first used
by Pythagoras in the 5 century B.C.
th
• In the pursuit of TRUTH, one must first
What does acquire knowledge and understanding
it mean to of the truths (about the nature of reality)
be a lover and then apply it to life. It is only then
that one acquires Wisdom.
of wisdom?
• Wisdom is the ability to use ones
understanding to make good decisions in life
It means devoting and live life well.
oneself to the • For example, it is not enough that one knows
pursuit of truth and understands what love is. One must
apply it to life by being a LOVING
and living a good PERSON.
life. • This means “Alamin mo ang tama, at gawin
mo ang tama!”
Wisdom as described by philosophers…
 Plato: Wisdom means “Understanding the Form of
the Good and possess the courage to act
accordingly”;
 Aristotle: Wisdom means “Understanding
of causes, i.e. knowing why things are the way they
are”;
 Socrates: Wisdom means “Knowing oneself,
acceptance of one’s ignorance and live life well”
To be wise, therefore, is to grow holistically, that is with
rational mind, compassionate heart and moral actions.
Real Definition
Philosophy is defined as “the science of
all beings in their ultimate reasons,
causes, and principles acquired by the
aid of human reason alone.
Or a Critical examination of fundamental
concepts/beings/ realities/existence.
It is also a search for meaning/purpose
Implication…
The definition itself demonstrates that
philosophy considers all aspects/ every
possibility like the causes, reasons, and
principles to understand a phenomenon.
In short, it adopts a holistic approach
in looking at a situation.
Philosophy uses UNDERSTANDING
as a tool to know the TRUTH, as its
ultimate goal. Putting the truth into
practice is WISDOM.
Discipline PHILOSOPHY
Means Understanding
Goal Truth
Form Wisdom
ctivity #02:

Complete the sentence

Philosophy is…
Philosophy is not…
The Birth of Philosophy
How did it all get started?

For PLATO – it is BECAUSE OF MAN’S SENSE


OF WONDER /CURIOSITY that TRIGGERS MAN
TO EXAMINE & QUESTION THE WORLD.
For DESCARTES – it is BECAUSE OF MAN’S REALIZATION THAT
SENSES CAN BE DECEIVED because the REALITY IS NOT WHAT
IT APPEARS TO BE. So MAN NEEDS TO DOUBT EVERYTHING TO
KNOW THE TRUTH. (I THINK, THEREFORE I DOUBT)
For JASPERS – it is BECAUSE OF MAN’S LIMIT SITUATIONS,
(CHALLENGING EXPERIENCES) THAT FORCES MAN TO
UNDERSTAND AND WIDEN PERSPECTIVES
How do we characterize
Philosophy?
A mental activity (reflective) and an examination
of knowledge.
An analysis of frameworks.
A discipline (a branch of knowledge)
An investigation into the nature of everything that
exists.
A way of BEING/LIVING –on how to live a good
life.
Is Being a
“Pilosopo”
makes you a
philosopher
?
No! since the goal of
philosophy is to know the
truth. In the given case, Juan
does not like to engage in
further discussion to achieve
the truth, so it is NOT
Philosophy
Activity #03:

What fruit best describes


Philosophy? Why?
DOING PHILOSOPHY MEANS PHILOSOPHIZING
How to philosophize?

• To philosophize is to see beyond what meets the eyes


(insight) and to apply those insights to enhance ourselves
to become better individuals. Philosophizing always
involves questioning, analyzing, criticizing, synthesizing,
evaluating, and judging until the truths unfolds.
•Stages of Philosophizing:
1. Observation: We see things around us –
THE REALITY; We wonder, we question,
we understand and then
2. Reflection: we reflect on their
existence/nature/purpose; and
3. Action: We act according to our reflections.
• Be aware – Reflect before You (RE)Act – Live well
according to ones best reflection
Mental Activity
Look at the picture below. What can you say about the picture?
(Adaptation from a poem by American poet John Godfrey Saxe).
Activity: Fix Me pLEASE!

•APRITLA HINTINKG
•OHTLICSI KINTHING
Let’s Distinguish
ro m
f
FIND ME A PAIR!
• considers all dimensions or
the entire system
• PARTIAL THINKING
• HOLISTIC THINKING
• focuses on specific aspects
of the situation/
phenomenon
FIND ME A PAIR!
• looks at only at limited
areas of the problem
• PARTIAL THINKING
• HOLISTIC THINKING
• looks at all areas of the
problem
FIND ME A PAIR!

• looks at the big picture


• PARTIAL THINKING
• HOLISTIC THINKING • focuses on a particular
case
Distinguishing
om
f r
• considers all dimensions or the • focuses on specific aspects of the
entire system situation/ phenomenon
• looks at all areas of the problem • looks at a certain area of a
• considers large scale patterns problem
• looks at the big picture • considers only at specific pattern
• focuses on a particular case
Note: though Philosophy usually promotes holistic thinking, partial
thinking remains very important in understanding a specific case.
In conclusion…

•Do not expect the world to look at life


like we do. The more we welcome
other perspectives (Holistic view) to
broaden our understanding, the
more we grow wiser as a person.
PHILOSOPHY = REFLECTION =
BETTER DECISIONS IN LIFE
How do we engage in reflection?
• Critical examination of thoughts, feelings
and actions
Objective: to ensure that our actions and
decisions are well thought out

(?5 letters) BEFORE YOU (?3 letters)


(?10 letters) BEFORE (?6 letters)
Benefits of Reflective thinking

•self-awareness
•improved decision-making
•deeper personal growth
•many more…
Why is there a need to
Philosophize?
It helps us escape from the bondage of ignorance and
pursue knowledge to know the ultimate truth of
everything that man can ever think of (Plato);
It helps us re-evaluate and see ourselves beyond and gives
us insights about our true nature as human beings. It helps
us understand better ourselves; and
It enriches our intellectual imagination and diminishes the
dogmatic assurance which closes the mind against
speculation (Bertrand Russel).
What are the major branches of
Philosophy?

Activity
Philosophy
1.Epistemology - deals with the nature and scope of
knowledge. (Lesson 2)
2.Logic - deals with the study of the methods and principles of
correct reasoning. (Lesson 2)
3.Metaphysics - deals with the study of the fundamental nature
of reality. (Lesson 3)
4.Aesthetics - deals with beauty and what makes things
beautiful. (Lesson 4)
5.Ethics - deals with the formal study of moral standard and
conduct. (Lessons 4 and 5)
6.Political/Social Philosophy – deals with identities,
relations, and power structures within the society. (Lessons 6 and 7)
•Western Philosophy – focused
Philosop
hical on individualism, non-spiritual
category approach to life
by (Realism, Rationalism, Idealism,
location Empiricism)
•Eastern Philosophy - focused
on collectivism, spiritual
approach to life (Buddhism,
Hinduism, Taoism)
•Ancient philosophy (600 B.C.E. –1000 A.D.) -
Philosop COSMOCENTRIC
hical • What is the world made of?
category •Medieval philosophy (1001 A.D.–1500 A.D.)
- THEOCENTRIC
by • Does God exist?
periods •Modern philosophy (1501 A.D.–1900 A.D) -
ANTHROPOCENTRIC
• How do know what we know?
•Contemporary philosophy (1901 A.D. -
present) - HOLISTIC
• Is human person free? What is the meaning of
life?
Let’s do this!
1. Why do we need holistic
thinking?
2. Why is there a need to philosophize
(doing philosophy)?
3. Why is there a need for
reflection?
Show a holistic view of your personal philosophical
reflection of the theme: Who Am I?
For your Output, you have the following options:
•Poster
•Essay
•Poem
Please read the allegory of
the cave by Plato and act it
out (role play) with your
own interpretation of it

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