NFPA13,2019Ed

FIRE TECH.
LEC-07

STORAGE FIRE PROTECTION

LEC-07

AHMED SHERBINY

YOUTUBE CHANNEL : FIRE TECH.

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NFPA13,2019
FIRE TECH.

Storage Sprinklers LEC-07

 Their are 3 Main Type of sprinklers used in storage

1. Control Mode Density Area (CMDA)
2. Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA)
3. Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR)

 Storage Sprinklers in NFPA13, 2019Ed

1. Chapter 13 Installation Requirements for CMSA Sprinklers
2. Chapter 14 Installation Requirements for Early Suppression Fast-Response
Sprinklers
3. Chapter 21 Protection of High Piled Storage Using Control Mode Density Area
(CMDA) Sprinklers
4. Chapter 22 CMSA Requirements for Storage Applications
5. Chapter 23 ESFR Requirements for Storage Applications
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FIRE TECH.

Storage Sprinklers LEC-07

 Definitions
 3.3.205.4.1* Control Mode Density/Area (CMDA) Sprinkler: A type of spray sprinkler
intended to provide fire control in storage applications using the design density/area criteria
described in this standard.
 3.3.205.4.2* Control Mode Specific Application (CMSA) Sprinkler.: A type of spray
sprinkler that is capable of producing characteristic large water droplets and that is listed
for its capability to provide fire control of specific high-challenge fire hazards.
 3.3.205.4.5* Early Suppression Fast-Response (ESFR) Sprinkler: A type of fast-
response sprinkler that has a thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meters-seconds)1∕2 or less
and is listed for its capability to provide fire suppression of specific high challenge fire
hazards.
 3.3.73 Fire Control. Limiting the size of a fire by distribution of water so as to decrease
the heat release rate and pre-wet adjacent combustibles, while controlling ceiling gas
temperatures to avoid structural damage.
 3.3.76 Fire Suppression. Sharply reducing the heat release rate of a fire and preventing
its regrowth by means of direct and sufficient application of water through the fire plume to
the burning fuel surface.
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Storage Sprinklers LEC-07

C • Density + Operation area

M • Sprinkler K Factor + Spacing + Pipe Sizing
D
A
• Sprinkler K Factor + Minimum Operating
C Pressure
M • Number of design sprinklers + Pipe Sizing
SA
• Sprinkler K Factor + Minimum Operating
ES Pressure
FR • Number of design sprinklers+ Pipe Sizing
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NFPA13,2019
FIRE TECH.

Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler



Definitions
3.3.41.1* Obstructed Construction. Panel construction and other construction
where beams, trusses, or other members impede heat flow or water distribution in a
manner that materially affects the ability of sprinklers to control or suppress a fire.
 3.3.41.2* Unobstructed Construction. Construction where beams, trusses, or
other members do not impede heat flow or water distribution in a manner that
materially affects the ability of sprinklers to control or suppress a fire.
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NFPA13,2019
FIRE TECH.

Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
Construction.(Obstructed) or (Unobstructed)
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Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
13.2.5* Protection Areas per
Sprinkler (CMSA Sprinklers).
 13.2.5.2.2 In any case, the
maximum area of coverage of any
sprinkler shall not exceed 130 ft2
(12 m2).
 The minimum allowable protection
area of coverage for a sprinkler
(As) shall be not less than 80 ft2
(7.4 m2).
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NFPA13,2019
FIRE TECH.

Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
 13.2.2 CMSA sprinklers shall be permitted to be used in wet, dry, or preaction
systems and shall be installed in accordance with their listing.
 13.2.3.4 In storage occupancies, high temperature–rated sprinklers shall be used for
dry pipe systems.
 22.1.7 CMSA sprinklers shall not be permitted to protect storage on solid shelf racks
unless the solid shelf racks are protected with in-rack sprinklers in accordance with
Chapter 25
 22.1.6* The ceiling design criteria for single-, double-, and multiple-row racks in
Chapter 22 shall be based on open rack configurations as defined in 3.3.140.
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NFPA13,2019
FIRE TECH.

Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
 Design Criteria
1. Determine ( Commodity+ Arrangement + Heights)
2. Go to chapter-22 to the correct table (only 6 tables)
3. Get ( K factor+ Number of Design Sprinklers+ Minimum Operating Pressure)
4. Chose Correct Spacing from (Recommended by me =3 x 3.7 m)

 Example:
 Storage Contain ( Commodity class 4 Encapsulated & loaded on plastic pallet +double
row Rack Storage +Storage Height is 7 meter +Warehouse roof height is 9 m )
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Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
13.2.6.2 Maximum Distance from Walls. The distance from sprinklers to walls
shall not exceed one-half of the allowable distance permitted between sprinklers
as indicated in Table 13.2.5.2.1.
 13.2.6.3 Minimum Distance from Walls. Sprinklers shall be located a minimum
of 4 in. (100 mm) from a wall.
 13.2.6.4 Minimum Distance Between Sprinklers. Sprinklers shall be spaced
not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) on centre.
 13.2.9 Clearance to Storage (CMSA Sprinklers). The clearance between the
deflector and the top of storage shall be 36 in. (900 mm) or greater.
 13.2.7.1* Distance Below Ceilings.
 13.2.7.1.1 Unobstructed Construction. Under unobstructed construction, the
distance between the sprinkler deflector and the ceiling shall be a minimum of 6
in. (150 mm) and a maximum of 8 in. (200 mm).
 13.2.7.1.2 Obstructed Construction Installed with the deflectors located a
minimum of 6 in. (150 mm) and a maximum of 12 in. (300 mm) from the ceiling.
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Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
 13.2.8.2.2 Branch Lines. Upright sprinklers shall be positioned with respect to
branch lines in accordance with one of the following:
 (1) Upright sprinklers shall be permitted to be attached directly to branch lines less
than or equal to 4 in. (100 mm) nominal in diameter.
 (2) Upright sprinklers shall be permitted to be offset horizontally a minimum of 12
in. (300 mm) from the pipe.
 (3) Upright sprinklers shall be permitted to be supplied by a riser nipple (sprig) to
elevate the sprinkler deflector a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) from the centreline
of any pipe over 4 in (100 mm) nominal in diameter.
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NFPA13,2019
FIRE TECH.

Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
13.2.8* Obstructions to Sprinkler Discharge (CMSA Sprinklers)
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NFPA13,2019
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Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
13.2.8.3* Obstructions that Prevent Sprinkler Discharge from Reaching
Hazard.
 13.2.8.3.2 Sprinklers shall be positioned with respect to fluorescent lighting
fixtures, ducts, and obstructions more than 24 in. (600 mm) wide, entirely below
sprinkler according to Table 13.2.8.3.2 and Figure 13.2.8.3.2
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NFPA13,2019
FIRE TECH.

Storage Sprinklers-part-2-CMSA LEC-07

Sprinkler
13.2.8.3* Obstructions
 13.2.8.3.4 Where the bottom of the
obstruction is located 24 in. (600
mm) or more below the sprinkler
deflectors, the following shall occur:
 (1) Sprinklers shall be positioned so
that the obstruction is cantered
between adjacent sprinklers
 (2) The obstruction width shall meet
the following requirements:
(a) The obstruction shall be limited to a
maximum width of 24 in. (600 mm).
(b) Where the obstruction is greater than
24 in (600 mm) wide, one or more lines of
sprinklers shall be installed below the
obstruction.