Operators

BICT1201
Operators Definition
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

 Operators are symbols that represent some kind of operation to be performed.

 They are the basic components of the C programming language.
 The symbol helps the programmer perform some specific mathematical, relational,
bitwise, conditional, or logical computations on values and variables.
 The values and variables used with operators are called operands.
Classification of Operators
Operators in C are classified according to their functionality. The classification of
the operators is as follows
 Arithmetic
 Relational
 Logical
 Bitwise
 Assignment
Arithmetic Operators
The arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations on operands.

The arithmetic operators include

+ plus
- minus
* multiplication
/ division
% modulus
+ unary plus
- unary minus
 ++ increment
 -- decrement
Arithmetic Operators Example
#include <stdio.h> printf("a % b = %d\n", a % b);

printf("+a = %d\n", +a);

int main() {

printf("-a = %d\n", -a);

int a = 25, b = 5;
printf("a++ = %d\n", a++);

// using operators and printing results printf("a-- = %d\n", a--);

printf("a + b = %d\n", a + b);

printf("a - b = %d\n", a - b);

return 0;
printf("a * b = %d\n", a * b);

printf("a / b = %d\n", a / b); }

Relational Operators
 Relational operators are used for the comparison of two operands. They are
binary operators that return true or false values from contrast.
The relational operators include
< less than
> greater than
 <= less than or equal to
 >= greater than or equal to
 == equal to
 != not equal to
Relational Operators
#include <stdio.h> printf("a <= b: %d\n", a <= b);

printf("a >= b: %d\n", a >= b);

int main() { printf("a == b: %d\n", a == b);
int a = 20, b = 2;
printf("a != b : %d\n", a != b);

// using operators and printing results

return 0;
printf("a < b : %d\n", a < b);
}
printf("a > b : %d\n", a > b);
Logical Operators
Logical Operators combine two or more conditions to complement the evaluation
of the original condition in consideration.
The logical operators include
 && - Logical AND, returns true if both operands are true
 || - Logical OR, returns true if either or both of the operands are true
 ! – Logical NOT, returns true if the operand is false
Logical Operators Example
#include <stdio.h> printf("a || b : %d\n", a || b);

printf("!a: %d\n", !a);

int main() {

int a = 25, b = 5;
return 0;
// using operators and printing
}
results

printf("a && b : %d\n", a && b);

Bitwise Operators
Bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations on the operands.
 The operators are first converted to bit-level, and then the calculation is performed on
the operands. The symbols include;

& Bitwise AND

| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise XOR
~ Bitwise First Complement
 << Bitwise Leftshift
 >> Bitwise Rightshift
Bitwise Operators Example
#include <stdio.h> printf("a ^ b: %d\n", a ^ b);

printf("~a: %d\n", ~a);

int main() { printf("a >> b: %d\n", a >> b);
int a = 25, b = 5;
printf("a << b: %d\n", a << b);

// using operators and printing results

return 0;
printf("a & b: %d\n", a & b);
}
printf("a | b: %d\n", a | b);
Assignment Operators
Assignment operators are used to assign a value to a variable. The left side
operand of the assignment operator is a variable, and the right side operand is a
value.
The symbols include
= simple assignment
 += plus and assign
 -= minus and assign
 *= multiply and assign
 /= divide and assign
 %= modulus and assign
 &= AND and assign
Assignment Operators
 |= OR and assign
 ^= XOR and assign
 >>= Rightshift and assign
 <<= Leftshift and assign
Assignment Operators Example
#include <stdio.h> printf("a /= b: %d\n", a /= b);

printf("a %%= b: %d\n", a %= b);

int main() { printf("a &= b: %d\n", a &= b);

int a = 25, b = 5; printf("a |= b: %d\n", a |= b);

printf("a ^= b: %d\n", a ^= b);

// using operators and printing results printf("a >>= b: %d\n", a >>= b);
printf("a = b: %d\n", a = b); printf("a <<= b: %d\n", a <<= b);
printf("a += b: %d\n", a += b);

printf("a -= b: %d\n", a -= b); return 0;

printf("a *= b: %d\n", a *= b); }
Operator Precedence &
Associativity
 Operator precedence determines the order in which operators are evaluated in
expressions.
 Operators with higher precedence are evaluated first.

Associativity determines the direction (left to right or right to left) in which

operators with the same precedence are evaluated.
The following slide tabulates the order of precedence and associativity in C.
Operator Precedence &
Associativity
#include <stdio.h> int e;

e = a + b * c / d;
int main(){
printf("e : %d\n" , e );

int a = 20;
return 0;
int b = 10;

int c = 15; }

int d = 5;
Operator Precedence &
Associativity
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int a = 10, b = 5, c = 2;

int result;
// Expression to evaluate

result = a + b * c - a / b;

printf("Result: %d\n", result);

return 0;

}
Operator Precedence &
Associativity
#include <stdio.h> printf("a: %d\n", a); // a is 5

printf("b: %d\n", b); // b is 3

int main() {
printf("c: %d\n", c); // c is 5
int a = 3;

int b = a++; // b = 3, a becomes 4,

postfix return 0;
int c = ++a; // a becomes 5, c = 5,
prefix
}