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The document provides an overview of file operations in Python, detailing the types of files (text and binary), file opening modes, and methods for reading and writing to files. It explains the syntax for opening, closing, reading, and writing to files, as well as renaming and deleting files using the os module. Additionally, it introduces the format operator for output formatting in Python.

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0 views25 pages

pspp-rsk (3)

The document provides an overview of file operations in Python, detailing the types of files (text and binary), file opening modes, and methods for reading and writing to files. It explains the syntax for opening, closing, reading, and writing to files, as well as renaming and deleting files using the os module. Additionally, it introduces the format operator for output formatting in Python.

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afsira15
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GE 8151 Problem Solving and Python

Programming

Topic: Files Operations

Presented by, Dr.G.Rajiv Suresh Kumar,


HoD/CSE,JCTCET
FILES
Files
A File is collection of data stored on a secondary storage
device like hard disk. Data on non-volatile storage media
is stored in named locations on the media called files.
File is a named location on disk to store related
information.
While a program is running, its data is in memory. When
the program ends, or the computer shuts down, data in
memory disappears. To store data permanently, you
have to put it in a file. Files are usually stored on a hard
drive, floppy drive, or CD-ROM.
File continuation
• When there are a large number of files, they are
often organized into directories (also called
"folders"). Each file is identified by a unique name,
or a combination of a file name and a directory
name.
• Hence, in Python, a file operation takes place in the
following order.
 Open a file
 Read or write (perform operation)
 Close the file
File Types

• Text files
• Binary files
Text files
• A text file is a file that contains printable
characters and whitespace, organized into
lines separated by newline characters. Text
files are structured as a sequence of lines,
where each line includes a sequence of
characters. Since Python is specifically
designed to process text files, it provides
methods that make the job easy.
Binary files
• A binary file is any type of file that is not a
text file. Because of their nature, binary files
can only be processed by an application that
know or understand the file’s structure. In
other words, they must be applications that can
read and interpret binary.
File operation

Open a file
Read or write (perform operation)
Close the file
Attributes of a file

Attribute Description
file.closed If file is closed return true else false
file.mode Returns one of the modes in which the current file is opened
file.name Returns the name of the file
Example for attributes
• fileread= open( “text.txt” , ”r+” )
• print (“Name of the file : ”,fileread.name)
• print (“Closed or not : ”,fileread.closed)
print(“opening mode : ”,fileread.mode)
OUTPUT:
• Name of the file : text.txt
• Closed or not : False
• opening mode : r+
Opening a file
• Python has a built-in function open() to open a file. This
function returns a file object, also called a handle, as it is
used to read or modify the file accordingly.
Syntax:
• Fileobject = open(“filename or file path” ,”access mode”)
• >>> f = open("test.txt") # open file in current directory by
directly specifying the name of the file.
• >>> f = open("C:/Python33/README.txt") # specifying full
path.
• >>> f = open(“test.txt” , “r”) # open the file by mentioning
file name and mode
File opening Modes
Mode Description
r Opens a file for reading only. The file pointer is placed at the beginning of the
file. This is the default mode
w Opens a file for writing only.Overwrites the file if the file exists.If the file does
not exist, creates a new file for writing
a Opens a file for appending. The file pointer is placed at the end of the file. If
the file does not exist, creates a new file for writing
r+ Opens a file for both reading and writing. The file pointer is placed at the
beginning of the file.
W+ Opens a file for both reading and writing. Overwrites the file if the file exists.If
the file does not exist, creates a new file for reading and writing.
A+ Opens a file for both reading and appending. The file pointer is placed at the
end of the file. If the file does not exist, creates a new file for reading and
writing.
File opening Modes
Mode Description
rb Opens a file for both reading in binary format. The file pointer is placed at the
beginning of the file
wb Opens a file for writing only in binary format.Overwrites the file if the file
exists.If the file does not exist, creates a new file for writing
ab Opens a file for appending in binary format. The file pointer is placed at the end
of the file. If the file does not exist, creates a new file for writing
FILE CLOSING

• When the operations that are to be performed o n a


opened file are finished, we have to close the file in
order to release the resources. The closing is done
with a built-in function close()
Syntax:
fileobject.close()
Example:
f= open(“text.txt” , “w”) #open a file
#perform some operations
f.close() #close the file
Writing to a file
• After opening a file, we have to perform some operations on the
file. In order to write into a file, we have to open it with w mode,
or a mode, or any other writing – enabling mode. write() method
enables us to write any string to a opened file.
Syntax:
Fileobject=open(“file.txt”,”w”)
Fileobject.write(“String to be written”)
Example:
fo = open("foo.txt", "w")
fo.write( "Python is a great language.\nYeah its great!!\n");
print(“success”)
fo.close()
Reading a file
The text files can be read in four different ways listed below:
Using read Method
Using readlines Method
Using readline Method
Syntax:
read()
<file variable name>.read()
When size is not specified entire file is read and the contents are placed
in the left hand side variable.
<file variable name>.read(<size>)
When size is specified , the size number of characters are read. When
an empty file is read no error is displayed but an empty string is
returned.
readlines()
<file variable name>.readlines(<size>) #size optional

When size is not specified entire file is read and


each line is added in a list. When size is specified
, the lines that make up the size bytes are
read.When an empty file is read no error is
displayed but an empty list is returned.
Example for all types of reading a file: Assume
the content of a file:
Hello Good morning
We are learning python
Its very interesting
Program

fileread = open(“text.txt”, “r”)


Str=fileread.read(10)
Length=len(Str)
print (str)
print (Length)
Str=fileread.read(20)
print (str)
Str= fileread.read()
print (str)
Str=fileread.readlines()
print(Str) fileread.close()
Output:

Hello Good
10
morning
We are learn
ing python
Its very interesting
Hello Good morning
We are learning python
Its very interesting
Renaming a file
An existing file can be renamed by using the
method rename()
Syntax:
os.rename(current filename, new filename)
Example:
>>> import os
>>>os.rename(“C:/Python27/myfile.txt”,
“C:/Python27/myfile1.txt”)
Deleting a File
An existing file can be deleted by using the
method remove().
Syntax:
os.remove(filename)
Example:
>>> import os
>>>os.remove(“C:/Python27/myfile1.txt”)
Format Operator
• Definition:
The format operator is used to print the output
in a desired format. The % operator is the
format operator. It is also called as
interpolation operator. The % operator is also
used for modulus. The usage varies according
to the operands of the operator.
General syntax:
<format expression>%(values)
# The values is a tuple with exactly the number
of items specified by the format expression.
PROGRAM
print(“%d” %(45))
print(“%f”%(3.14159265358979))
print(“%0.2f”%(3.141592653589))
print (“Decimal : %u”%(24))
Print (“Octal : %o”%(24)) Print (“Hexadecimal :
%x”%(1254))
Print (“Hexadecimal : %X”%(1254))
X=40
print(“The given integer is %d”%X)
OUTPUT
45
3.141592
3.14
Decimal : 24
Octal : 30
Hexadecimal : 4e6
Hexadecimal : 4E6

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