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    R. Harish (08011A0209) B.Tech (4/4) Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad

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    Nagi Nag
    This document summarizes the key aspects of induction motors. It describes the construction of induction motors including stators, rotors, and squirrel cage or wound rotor designs. It covers the starting characteristics and operating modes of induction motors including motoring, generating, and plugging. The document also discusses speed control methods for induction motors like stator voltage, frequency, current, and V/F control. It provides the equations for synchronous speed, slip speed, slip, and torque.

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    R. Harish (08011A0209) B.Tech (4/4) Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad

    Uploaded by

    Nagi Nag
    231 views17 pages
    This document summarizes the key aspects of induction motors. It describes the construction of induction motors including stators, rotors, and squirrel cage or wound rotor designs. It covers the starting characteristics and operating modes of induction motors including motoring, generating, and plugging. The document also discusses speed control methods for induction motors like stator voltage, frequency, current, and V/F control. It provides the equations for synchronous speed, slip speed, slip, and torque.

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    Seminar

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    This document summarizes the key aspects of induction motors. It describes the construction of induction motors including stators, rotors, and squirrel cage or wound rotor designs. It covers the starting characteristics and operating modes of induction motors including motoring, generating, and plugging. The document also discusses speed control methods for induction motors like stator voltage, frequency, current, and V/F control. It provides the equations for synchronous speed, slip speed, slip, and torque.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    231 views17 pages

    R. Harish (08011A0209) B.Tech (4/4) Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad

    Uploaded by

    Nagi Nag
    This document summarizes the key aspects of induction motors. It describes the construction of induction motors including stators, rotors, and squirrel cage or wound rotor designs. It covers the starting characteristics and operating modes of induction motors including motoring, generating, and plugging. The document also discusses speed control methods for induction motors like stator voltage, frequency, current, and V/F control. It provides the equations for synchronous speed, slip speed, slip, and torque.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 17

    By R. Harish (08011A0209) B.Tech (4/4) Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad.

    INDUCTION MOTOR Induction motor (IM): Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Equivalent to secondary short circuited Transformer.
    Features: Singly excited machine. Rugged machine; No brushes. These are very economical and reliable. Self starting. Almost maintenance-free, except for bearing and other mechanical parts.

    CONSTRUCTION
    Basically, IM has two main parts: 1)Stator 2)Rotor

    Stator : laminated core, slots, 3phase winding are placed in the Stator, winding may be in star or delta. Rotor : laminated core, slots, 3phase winding or squirrel cage winding. Squirrel cage induction motor : Bare copper or aluminum bars are embedded in the slots and are short circuited by using end rings. Wound rotor induction motor : Three phase insulated winding; Three slip rings and a star connected External resistor.

    INDUCTION MOTOR STARTING CHARACTERISTICS

    Rotating Magnetic field set up by applied 3 phase stator voltage. Induced voltage (E2) in rotor winding. Induced voltage causes current in rotor winding. Rotor current sets up rotor magnetic field; interaction of RMF and rotor field produces torque in the direction of RMF. As rotor speed increases rate at which rotor bars cut magnetic flux reduces which reduces E2. Reduced E2 -> reduced rotor current -> reduced stator current When load torque = motor developed torque, steady state speed occurs.

    MODES OF OPERATION Motoring:


    Rotor rotates at a speed lower than synchronous speed. The direction of RMF, the rotor rotation and electro magnetic torque are in the same direction. Generating: Rotor rotates at a speed higher than synchronous speed. The direction of RMF and rotor are in same direction but electro magnetic torque is in opposite direction. Plugging: Any two supply lines are interchanged, RMF reverses, produces braking force on the rotor. RMF and Torque are in the same direction and rotor rotates in opposite direction

    Performance of Three-Phase Induction Motor


    The speed of the rotating field (Synchronous speed ) is :

    2 * 120 f 4f 120 f ns rpm ms 60 P P rad / sec . P sl ms m sms Slip speed is


    Slip, s is :

    sl ms m s ms ms
    m 1 s ms
    f r sf s

    Rotor speed

    Rotor frequency in Hz is :

    Torque, Te = K (S E22R2)/(R22 + (sx2)2)

    Torque Speed Characteristics of Induction Motor

    BEHAVIOR OF THE INDUCTION MACHINE


    During start up. Normally draws up to seven times the rated current. When operating at base speed if the load is increased, the motor will start slowing down and the slip will increase. Starting torque should be greater than the Load torque at the starting, in order to start the motor. But if the load is increased beyond the Break down torque, the machine wont be able to recover (looses stability)

    SPEED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTORS


    When Squirrel cage induction machine is operated directly from the line voltages ( 50 Hz, constant voltage) an Induction motor is operated at constant speed. However in the industry we required to vary the speed of an Induction motor. The speed control of the motor can be done by following methods.

    Stator voltage Control Stator Frequency Control Stator Current Control V/F Control Slip power recovery Control (Wound Rotor Induction Machine)
    9

    Stator Voltage Control


    Stator voltage is varied keeping frequency constant. Slip at max torque occurs does not change The max torque will vary as square of the voltage starting torque is lower at lower voltages

    Stator Frequency Control


    Stator frequency is varied keeping Voltage constant. Frequency cannot be decreased from rated value because of saturation problems. Increase in frequency causes reduction of airgap flux and hence torque. The reduction in flux also reduces the starting torque.

    V/F Control
    From the EMF equation of Induction machine E1 = 4.44 f Kw N1 Kw & N1 are constants; flux is proportional to E1/f.

    By maintaining E1/f constant, the flux in the machine can be kept constant.
    Neglecting voltage drop across the Armature resistance, keeping v/f constant, the flux in the machine can be kept constant. The torque is independent of the supplied frequency. Maximum torque is constant at all frequencies. Torque sensitivity per ampere of stator current is high. Fast transient response of the drive.

    Torque speed characteristics of V/F controlled drive

    Effect of Stator Resistance on the Performance of V/F Controlled Drive


    At low frequencies the stator resistance drop cannot be neglected. This has effect of reducing the magnitude of maximum torque Machine enter into field weakening mode. In practice, at low frequencies, an additional voltage is added to maintain the level of maximum torque.

    V/F OPEN LOOP

    15

    V/F CONTROL CLOSED LOOP

    Controlled system consists of inverter, induction motor. Corrected speed signal may be used control the gate circuit of inverter.
    16

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