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    Primary Health Care Presentation - Dr. Rasha Salama

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    Spislgal Philip
    This document discusses primary health care, its levels, principles, and core activities. It defines primary health care as the first level of contact between individuals and the health system, providing essential care for most common health problems. The key principles of primary health care outlined are that it should be socially appropriate, universally accessible, scientifically sound, low-cost, and prioritize those most in need through community participation and self-reliance. The core activities listed are health promotion, prevention and treatment of common illnesses, immunization, and basic health services.

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    Primary Health Care Presentation - Dr. Rasha Salama

    Uploaded by

    Spislgal Philip
    810 views40 pages
    This document discusses primary health care, its levels, principles, and core activities. It defines primary health care as the first level of contact between individuals and the health system, providing essential care for most common health problems. The key principles of primary health care outlined are that it should be socially appropriate, universally accessible, scientifically sound, low-cost, and prioritize those most in need through community participation and self-reliance. The core activities listed are health promotion, prevention and treatment of common illnesses, immunization, and basic health services.

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    This document discusses primary health care, its levels, principles, and core activities. It defines primary health care as the first level of contact between individuals and the health system, providing essential care for most common health problems. The key principles of primary health care outlined are that it should be socially appropriate, universally accessible, scientifically sound, low-cost, and prioritize those most in need through community participation and self-reliance. The core activities listed are health promotion, prevention and treatment of common illnesses, immunization, and basic health services.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    810 views40 pages

    Primary Health Care Presentation - Dr. Rasha Salama

    Uploaded by

    Spislgal Philip
    This document discusses primary health care, its levels, principles, and core activities. It defines primary health care as the first level of contact between individuals and the health system, providing essential care for most common health problems. The key principles of primary health care outlined are that it should be socially appropriate, universally accessible, scientifically sound, low-cost, and prioritize those most in need through community participation and self-reliance. The core activities listed are health promotion, prevention and treatment of common illnesses, immunization, and basic health services.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 40

    Primary Health Care

    Dr. Rasha Salama PhD Community Medicine Suez Canal University Egypt

    Levels of Care
    Primary health care Secondary health care Tertiary health care

    Primary health care The first level of contact between the individual and the health system. Essential health care (PHC) is provided. A majority of prevailing health problems can be satisfactorily managed. The closest to the people. Provided by the primary health centers.

    Secondary health care


    More complex problems are dealt with. Comprises curative services Provided by the district hospitals The 1st referral level

    Tertiary health care


    Offers super-specialist care Provided by regional/central level institution. Provide training programs

    Primary health care (PHC) became a core policy for the World Health Organization with the AlmaAta Declaration in 1978 and the Health-for-All by the Year 2000 Program. The commitment to global improvements in health, especially for the most disadvantaged populations, was renewed in 1998 by the World Health Assembly. This led to the Health-for-All for the twenty-first Century policy and program, within which the commitment to PHC development is restated.

    What is Primary Health Care?


    PHC is essential health care that is a socially appropriate, universally accessible, scientifically sound first level care provided by a suitably trained workforce supported by integrated referral systems and in a way that gives priority to those most in need, maximises community and individual self-reliance and participation and involves collaboration with other sectors. It includes the following: health promotion illness prevention care of the sick advocacy community development

    Primary Health Care (PHC)


    PHC is: Essential health care based on practical, scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost that community and the country can afford (Alma-Ata, 1978)

    Principles for PHC


    PHC based on the following principles :
    Social equity Nation-wide coverage Self-reliance Inter-sectoral coordination Peoples involvement in the planning and implementation of health programs

    Principles of PHC
    The 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata proposed a set of PRINCIPLES for primary health care. PHC should:
    1. Reflect and evolve from the economic conditions and socio-cultural and political characteristics of the country and its communities, and be based on the application of the relevant results of social, biomedical and health services research and public health experience 2. Address the main health problems in the community, providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative services accordingly

    3. Involve, in addition to the health sector, all related sectors and aspects of national and community development, in particular agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works, 4. Promote maximum community and individual self-reliance and participation in the planning, organization, operation and control of primary health care, making fullest use of local, national and other available resources; and to this end develop through appropriate education the ability of communities to participate

    5. Be sustained by integrated, functional and mutually-supportive referral systems, leading to the progressive improvement of comprehensive health care for all, and giving priority to those most in need 6. Rely, at local and referral levels, on health workers, including physicians, nurses, midwives, auxiliaries and community workers as applicable, as well as traditional practitioners as needed, suitably trained socially and technically to work as a health team and to respond to the expressed health needs of the community.

    Core Activities for PHC

    There is a set of CORE ACTIVITIES, which were normally defined nationally or locally. According to the 1978 Declaration of Alma-Ata proposed that these activities should include:

    1. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them

    2. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition

    3. An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation

    4. Maternal and child health care, including family planning

    5. Immunization against the major infectious diseases

    6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases

    7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries

    8. Basic laboratory services and provision of essential drugs.

    9. Training of health guides, health workers and health assistants.

    10. Referral services

    Mental health Physical handicaps Health and social care of the elderly

    WHO Strategies of PHC


    1.

    Reducing excess mortality of poor marginalized populations: PHC must ensure access to health services for the most disadvantaged populations, and focus on interventions which will directly impact on the major causes of mortality, morbidity and disability for those populations.

    2. Reducing the leading risk factors to human health: PHC, through its preventative and health promotion roles, must address those known risk factors, which are the major determinants of health outcomes for local populations.

    3. Developing Sustainable Health Systems: PHC as a component of health systems must develop in ways, which are financially sustainable, supported by political leaders, and supported by the populations served. 4, Developing an enabling policy and institutional environment: PHC policy must be integrated with other policy domains, and play its part in the pursuit of wider social, economic, environmental and development policy.

    The Basic Requirements for Sound PHC (the 8 As and the 3 Cs)
    Appropriateness Availability Adequacy Accessibility Acceptability Affordability Assessability Accountability Completeness Comprehensiveness Continuity

    Appropriateness
    Whether the service is needed at all in relation to essential human needs, priorities and policies. The service has to be properly selected and carried out by trained personnel in the proper way.

    Adequacy

    The service proportionate to requirement. Sufficient volume of care to meet the need and demand of a community

    Affordability
    The cost should be within the means and resources of the individual and the country.

    Accessibility

    Reachable, convenient services Geographic, economic, cultural accessibility

    Acceptability
    Acceptability of care depends on a variety of factors, including satisfactory communication between health care providers and the patients, whether the patients trust this care, and whether the patients believe in the confidentiality and privacy of information shared with the providers.

    Availability

    Availability of medical care means that care can be obtained whenever people need it.

    Assessability

    Assessability means that medical care can be readily evaluated.

    Accountability

    Accountability implies the feasibility of regular review of financial records by certified public accountants.

    Completeness

    Completeness of care requires adequate attention to all aspects of a medical problem, including prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, follow up measures, and rehabilitation.

    Comprehensiveness

    Comprehensiveness of care means that care is provided for all types of health problems.

    Continuity

    Continuity of care requires that the management of a patients care over time be coordinated among providers.

    To Summarize
    Primary care is an approach that: Focuses on the person not the disease, considers all determinants of health Integrates care when there is more than one problem Uses resources to narrow differences

    Forms the basis for other levels of health systems Addresses most important problems in the community by providing preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services Organizes deployment of resources aiming at promoting and maintaining health.

    THANK YOU

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