Featured

• Critical Minerals Review 2022
• Mineral Commodity Review 2022
• Critical Minerals Review 2021 
• Methodology and Technical Input for the 2021 Review and Revision of the U.S. Critical Minerals List
• China, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and artisanal cobalt mining from 2000 through 2020
• Embedded critical material flow: The case of niobium, the United States, and China
• Materials flow in the United States—A global context, 1900–2020
• Investigation of U.S. Foreign Reliance on Critical Minerals

 

General

• 20th Century U.S. Mineral Prices Decline in Constant Dollars
  Open-File Report 00-389
• A Note on Scrap in the 1992 U.S. Input-Output Tables
  Open-File Report 00-313
• Assessment of Critical Minerals: Updated Application of an Early-warning Screening Methodology
  Mineral Economics, October 2017, Volume 30
• Byproduct Metals and Rare-Earth Elements Used in the Production of Light-Emitting Diodes—Overview of Principal Sources of Supply and Material Requirements for Selected Markets
  Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5215
• Byproduct mineral commodities used for the production of photovoltaic cells
  Circular 1365
• Comparison of U.S. Net Import Reliance for Nonfuel Mineral Commodities--A 60-year Retrospective (1954-1984-2014)
  Fact Sheet 2015-3082
• Compilation of Geospatial Data for the Mineral Industries and Related Infrastructure of Latin America and the Caribbean
  Open-File Report 2017-1079
• Consumption of Materials in the United States, 1900-1995
• Critical Mineral Resources of the United States--Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply
  Professional Paper 1802
• Drivers of U.S. Mineral Demand
  Open-File Report 2006-1025
• The Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak and the Mineral Sectors of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone
  Fact Sheet 2015–3033
• Economic Drivers of Mineral Supply
  Open-File Report 02-335
• Effects of Regulation and Technology on End Uses of Nonfuel Mineral Commodities in the United States
  Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5194
• Estimates of Electricity Requirements for the Recovery of Mineral Commodities, with Examples Applied to Sub-Saharan Africa
  Open-File Report 2011–1253
• Estimates of Immediate Effects on World Markets of a Hypothetical Disruption to Russia’s Supply of Six Mineral Commodities 
  Open-File Report 2017-1023
• Evaluating the Mineral Commodity Supply Risk of the U.S. Manufacturing Sector - Risk tool identified 23 mineral commodities whose supply poses the greatest risk, including those used in consumer electronics, renewable energy, aerospace, and defense applications.
• Flow Studies for Recycling Metal Commodities in the United States
  Circular 1196 (Supersedes Open-File Report 2005-1051)
• Global Flows of Metals and Minerals
  Open-File Report 2008–1355
• Global Stocks of Selected Mineral-based Commodities
  Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5152
• Global Trends in Mineral Commodity Supplies: Implications for U.S. Economic and National Security Interests
  Reprint from Journal of Explosives Engineering
• Coastal Deposits of Heavy mineral Sands; Global Significance and U.S. Resources
  Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 10, p. 36-43
• International Mineral Exploration Activities From 1995 Through 2004 
  Data Series 139
• International Mineral Exploration Activities From 1995 Through 2009 
• "Materials", a report by the U.S. Interagency Working Group on Industrial Ecology, Material and Energy Flows.
• Materials and Energy Flows in the Earth Science Century
  Circular 1194
• Materials in the Economy -- Material Flows, Scarcity, and the Environment
  Circular 1221
• Materials Flow and Sustainability (PDF)
  Fact Sheet 068-98
• Metal Prices in the United States through 2010
  Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5188
• Metal Stocks in Use in the United States
  Fact Sheet 2005-3090
• Mines and Mineral Processing Facilities in the Vicinity of the March 11, 2011, Earthquake in Northern Honshu, Japan
  Open-File Report 2011–1069
• Mining Review--Annual Review 2017
  Mining Engineering, v.70, no.5, May, p.51-60
• Mining Review--Annual Review 2018
  Mining Engineering, v.71, no.5, May, p.51-60
• Minor Metals and Renewable Energy - Diversifying America’s Energy Sources
  Fact Sheet 2017-3061
• Natural Hazards and Mineral Commodity Supply: Quantifying Risk of Earthquake Disruption to South American Copper Supply
  Resources Policy, Volume 63, October 2019
• North American Net Import Reliance of Mineral Materials in 2014 for Advanced Technologies
  Mining Engineering, 2018, Vol. 70, No. 7, pp. 107-112.
• Obsolete Computers, 'Gold Mine,' or High-Tech Trash? Resource Recovery from Recycling
  Fact Sheet 060-01
• Policy -- A Factor Shaping Minerals Supply and Demand
  Open-File Report 02-418
• Raw materials and technology fuel U.S. economic growth
• Recent Trends in Cuba's Mining and Petroleum Industries 
  Fact Sheet 2015–3032
• Recent Trends in the Nonfuel Minerals Industry of Iran 
  Circular 1421
• Recycled Cell Phones—A Treasure Trove of Valuable Metals 
  Fact Sheet 2006-3097
• Resource Nationalism in Indonesia—Effects of the 2014 Mineral Export Ban 
  Fact Sheet 2016-3072
• Review of selected global mineral industries in 2011 and an outlook to 2017 
  Open-File Report 2013-1091
• Sociocultural and Institutional Drivers and Constraints to Mineral Supply
  Open-File Report 02-333
• Technological Advancement -- A Factor in Increasing Resource Use
  Open-File Report 01-197
• Total Materials Consumption:  An Estimation Methodology and Example Using Lead – A Materials Flow Analysis
  Circular 1183
• Use of Raw Materials in the United States from 1900 through 2014 
  Fact Sheet 2017-3062
• Wind Energy in the United States and Materials Required for the Land-based Wind Turbine Industry from 2010 through 2030 
  Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5036

Commodities

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | V | W | Y | Z

A

Aggregates

• Aggregates from Natural and Recycled Sources
  Economic Assessments for Construction Applications -- A Materials Flow Study
  Circular 1176
• Recycled Aggregates -- Profitable Resource Conservation
  Fact Sheet 181-99
• Sociocultural Dimensions of Supply and Demand for Natural Aggregate - Examples from the Mid-Atlantic Region, United States
  Open-File Report 02-350

Aluminum

• Aluminum Recycling in the United States in 2000
  Circular 1196-W (Supersedes Open-File Report 2005-1051)
• Aluminum Stocks in Use in Automobiles in the United States
  Fact Sheet 2005-3145
• The Global Flow of Aluminum 2006 to 2025
  OECD Materials Case Study 2

Antimony

• Antimony Recycling in the United States in 2000
  Circular 1196-Q (Supersedes Open-File Report 2005-1079)

Arsenic

• Arsenic and Old Waste
  Interagency Working Group of the President's Council of Environmental Quality
• Byproduct Metals and Rare-Earth Elements Used in the Production of Light-Emitting Diodes—Overview of Principal Sources of Supply and Material Requirements for Selected Markets
  Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5215
• The Materials Flow of Arsenic in the United States
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9382

B

Barite

• Barite - A Case Study of Import Reliance on an Essential Material for Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Drilling
  Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5230

Beryllium

• Beryllium Recycling in the United States in 2000
  Open-File Report 03-282
• Beryllium—A Critical Mineral Commodity—Resources, Production, and Supply Chain 
  Fact Sheet 2016-3081

C

Cadmium

• Cadmium (Materials Flow)
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9380
• Cadmium Recycling in the United States in 2000
  Circular 1196-O
• Flow of Cadmium from Rechargeable Batteries in the United States, 1996-2007
  Scientific Investigations Report 2007–5198
• Material Use in the United States—Selected Case Studies for Cadmium, Cobalt, Lithium, and Nickel in Rechargeable Batteries
  Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5141

Cement

• Crushed Cement Concrete Substitution for Construction Aggregates -- A Materials Flow Analysis
  Circular 1177

Chromium

• Chromium Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-C
• Chromium Life Cycle Study
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9411

Cobalt

• Cobalt Mineral Exploration and Supply From 1995 Through 2013 
  Scientific Investigations Report 2011–5084
• Cobalt Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-M
• The Materials Flow of Cobalt in the United States
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9350
• Material Use in the United States—Selected Case Studies for Cadmium, Cobalt, Lithium, and Nickel in Rechargeable Batteries
  Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5141

Columbium (Niobium)

• Columbium (Niobium) Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-I

Copper

• Copper Recycling in the United States in 2004
  Circular 1196-X
• Estimated Water Requirements for the Conventional Flotation of Copper Ores 
  Open-File Report 2012–1089
• Flows of Selected Materials Associated with World Copper Smelting
  Open-File Report 2004-1395
• Physical Aspects of Waste Storage from a Hypothetical Open Pit Porphyry Copper Operation
  Open-File Report 03-143
• United States Copper Metal and Scrap Use and Trade Patterns, 1995-2014
  Open-File Report 2016-5075

G

Gallium

• Byproduct Metals and Rare-Earth Elements Used in the Production of Light-Emitting Diodes—Overview of Principal Sources of Supply and Material Requirements for Selected Markets
  Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5215

Gemstones

• Gemstones -- An Overview of Production of Specific U.S. Gemstones

Germanium

• Germanium Recycling in the United States in 2000
  Circular 1196-V (Supersedes Open-File Report 2005-1274)

Gold

• Conflict Minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Gold Supply Chain 
  Fact Sheet 2015-3075
• Estimated Water Requirements for Gold Heap-leach Operations 
  Open-File Report 2012-1085
• Events Affecting Gold Exploration in Venezuela Since 1999
  Open-File Report 2014–1068
• Gold Recycling in the United States in 1998 
  Circular 1196-A

Graphite

• Natural Graphite Demand and Supply - Implications for Electric Vehicle Battery Requirements
  Book chapter, in Geoscience for the Public Good and Global Development: Toward a Sustainable Future, Geological Society of America Volume 520

Gypsum

• Industrial minerals and sustainability: By-products from SO2 mitigation as substitutes for mined mineral commodities
  Book chapter, in Geoscience for the Public Good and Global Development: Toward a Sustainable Future, Geological Society of America Volume 520

I

Indium

• Byproduct Metals and Rare-Earth Elements Used in the Production of Light-Emitting Diodes—Overview of Principal Sources of Supply and Material Requirements for Selected Markets
  Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5215
• Materials Flow of Indium in the United States in 2008 and 2009 
  Circular 1377

Iron and Steel

• Iron and Steel Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-G
• Steel Stocks in Use in Automobiles in the United States 
  Fact Sheet 2005-3144

L

Lead

• Apparent Consumption vs. Total Consumption—A Lead-Acid Battery Case Study
  Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5155
• Comparison of the U.S. Lead Recycling Industry in 1998 and 2011
  Scientific Investigations Report 2014–5086
• Lead Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-F
• Lead Scrap Use and Trade Patterns in the United States,1995–2012
  Scientific Investigations Report 2015-5114
• Stocks and Flows of Lead-Based Wheel Weights in the United States
  Open-File Report 2006-1111

Lithium

• Lithium use in batteries
  Circular 1371
• Material Use in the United States—Selected Case Studies for Cadmium, Cobalt, Lithium, and Nickel in Rechargeable Batteries
  Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5141

M

Magnesium

• Magnesium Recycling in the United States in 1998
  In Circular 1196

Manganese

• Manganese Materials Flow Patterns
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9399
• Manganese Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-H

Mercury

• Changing Patterns in the Use, Recycling, and Material Substitution of Mercury in the United States
  Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5137
• Materials Flow of Mercury in the Economies of the United States and the World
  Circular 1197
• Materials Flow of Mercury in the United States
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9412
• Mercury Flow Through the Mercury-Containing Lamp Sector of the Economy of the United States
  Scientific Investigations Report 2006–5264
• Mercury Recycling in the United States in 2000
  Circular 1196-U (Supersedes Open-File Report 2005-1236)

Molybdenum

• Molybdenum Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-L

N

Nickel

• Material Use in the United States—Selected Case Studies for Cadmium, Cobalt, Lithium, and Nickel in Rechargeable Batteries
  Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5141
• Nickel Recycling in the United States in 2004 
  Circular 1196–Z

P

Palladium

• Global Exploration and Production Capacity for Platinum-Group Metals from 1995 Through 2015
  Scientific Investigations Report 2012–5164
• Platinum Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-B
• Platinum-Group Metals--World Supply and Demand 
  Open-File Report 2004-1224
• Recent Strikes in South Africa's Platinum-Group Metals Mines&emdash;Effects Upon World PGM Supplies
  Open-File Report 2012–1273

R

Rare Earths

• Byproduct Metals and Rare-Earth Elements Used in the Production of Light-Emitting Diodes—Overview of Principal Sources of Supply and Material Requirements for Selected Markets
  Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5215
• Coastal Deposits of Heavy mineral Sands; Global Significance and U.S. Resources
  Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 10, p. 36-43
• Potential for recovery of cerium contained in automotive catalytic converters 
  Open-File Report 2013-1037
• Preliminary Estimates of the Quantities of Rare-Earth Elements Contained in Selected Products and in Imports of Semimanufactured Products to the United States, 2010 
  Open–File Report 2013–1072
• Rare Earth Elements—End Use and Recyclability
  Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5094

S

Salt

• The Material Flow of Salt
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9343

Selenium

• Selenium Recycling in the United States in 2004
  Circular 1196-T

Silica

• Frac Sand in the United States--A Geological and Industry Overview 
  Open-File Report 2015–1107

Silver

• The Lifecycle of Silver in the United States in 2009
  Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5178
• Silver Recycling in the United States in 2000
  Circular 1196-N

Sulfur

• Industrial minerals and sustainability: By-products from SO2 mitigation as substitutes for mined mineral commodities
  Book chapter, in Geoscience for the Public Good and Global Development: Toward a Sustainable Future, Geological Society of America Volume 520
• Materials Flow of Sulfur
  Open-File Report 02-298

T

Tantalum

• An Exploration in Mineral Supply Chain Mapping Using Tantalum as an Example
  Open-File Report 2013–1239
• Conflict Minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo--Global Tantalum Processing Plants, a Critical Part of the Tantalum Supply Chain
  Fact Sheet 2014-3122
• Shift in Global Tantalum Mine Production, 2000 to 2014
  Fact Sheet 2015-3079
• Tantalum Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-J

Tin

• Conflict Minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Tin Processing Plants, a Critical Part of the Tin Supply Chain
  Fact Sheet 2015-3022
• Tin Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular 1196-K

Titanium

• Coastal Deposits of Heavy mineral Sands; Global Significance and U.S. Resources
  Mining Engineering, v. 68, no. 10, p. 36-43
• Titanium Recycling in the United States in 2004
  Circular 1196-Y

Tungsten

• Conflict Minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Global Tungsten Processing Plants, a Critical Part of the Tungsten Supply Chain 
  Fact Sheet 2014-3069
• International Strategic Mineral Issues Summary Report - Tungsten
  Circular 930-O
• Materials Flow of Tungsten in the United States
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9388
• Tungsten Recycling in the United States in 2000 
  Circular 1196-R 

V

Vanadium

• The Materials Flow of Vanadium in the United States
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9409
• Vanadium recycling in the United States in 2004 
  Circular 1196-S 

Z

Zinc

• Historical Zinc Smelting in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C., with Estimates of Atmospheric Zinc Emissions and Other Materials 
  Open-File Report 2010-1131
• The Materials Flow of Zinc in the United States 1850-1990
  U.S. Bureau of Mines Open-File Report 72-92
• Zinc Recycling in the United States in 1998
  Circular -1196-D