及物粵拼kap6 mat6transitive,舊名外動[1]),同唔及物粵拼m4 kap6 mat6intransitive,舊名內動[1])係同lei4描述動詞嘅兩個相關嘅文法概念。及物動詞(舊名外動字)指個動詞一定要有賓語(直接賓語)接受嗰樣動作,喺有語言,個賓語會係賓格[註 1];而唔及物動詞(舊名內動字)就冇得直接掕賓語,要掕就淨可以間接掕,個間接賓語理論上會係與格

例子

編輯

英文例子[2]

及物:like鍾意噉解)
I like Cantonese opera
S Vt O
鍾意 大戲 like 掕住隻賓語(Cantonese opera),隻賓語表示接受 like 嗰一樣事物
*I like
S Vt
錯文法,及物動詞一定要有賓語[註 2]
唔及物:sneeze打乞嚏噉解)
He sneezes
S Vi
打乞嚏
*He sneezes her
S Vi *O
錯文法,唔及物動詞唔可以有賓語
He sneezes at her
S Vi prep O
男嘅 打乞嚏 女嘅
個男嘅向個女嘅打乞嚏 介詞 at 將動詞同賓語分開,賓語(her)變間接

睇埋

編輯
  1. 有啲語言有格但係某啲詞種可能冇賓格,但係都會變成對應賓格嘅某一或者幾個格
  2. 理論上係錯,實際上真係有人咁講
  1. 1.0 1.1 馬建忠 (1898),名卷, 氏文通,喺2023年6月1號搵到
  2. 8.6 Subcategories. Essentials of Linguistics. Open Library.
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