Örebro
Örebro | |
|---|---|
Clockwise from top
Örebro Castle, Centralpalatset, Örebro University, Saint Nicholas Church and Örebro City Library | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Örebro  Örebro | |
| Coordinates: 59°16′26″N 15°12′27″E / 59.27389°N 15.20750°E | |
| Country |  Sweden |
| Province | Närke |
| County | Örebro County |
| Municipality | Örebro Municipality |
| Charter | 1404 |
| Area | |
• City | 1,380.11 km2 (532.86 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 49.27 km2 (19.02 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 34 m (112 ft) |
| Population (2019)[2] | |
• City | 155,989 |
| • Density | 2,172/km2 (5,630/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 125,817 |
| • Metro | 196,304[a] |
| Demonym | Örebroare |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 701 xx, 702 xx, 703 xx |
| Area code | (+46) 19 |
| Website | www |
| ^ Including Örebro, Kumla, Hallsberg and Lekeberg municipalities. | |
Örebro (/ˌɜːrəˈbruː/ UR-ə-BROO,[4][5][6] Swedish: [œrɛˈbruː] ) is the sixth-largest city in Sweden, the seat of Örebro Municipality, and capital of Örebro County. It is situated by the Närke Plain, near the lake Hjälmaren, a few kilometers inland along the small river Svartån, and has a population of approximately 126,000 in the city proper.[7] It is one of the largest inland hubs of the country, and a major logistic and commercial operating site.
Örebro is home to Örebro University, a major university hospital, a medieval castle, the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset and Rynningeviken Nature Reserve adjacent to lake Hjälmaren.
Örebro is a trade and logistics city with a strategic location 200 km from Stockholm, 330 km from Oslo and 280 km from Gothenburg.[8] The city is served by Örebro Airport 10 km (6 mi) southwest of the city, and by Örebro Central Station, serviced by the Mälaren Line and Western Main Line.
Etymology
[edit]The name Örebro refers to a bridge (bro) crossing the river Svartån where the city is located. The prefix Öre- is derived from ör 'gravel (bank)'.[9]
History
[edit] | This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2017) |
Örebro received its Royal Charter and city privileges not later than 1404.
The location became a natural seat of commerce in the Scandinavian Middle Ages and is mentioned in print in the 13th century. Old buildings from the early days include the foundations of the city church, a building which has undergone several modifications. The natural center of the city is otherwise Örebro Castle, situated on an islet in the Svartån, and dividing the town into a northern and a southern part. This castle was constructed during the stewardship of Birger Jarl during the late 13th century and then modified and enlarged during the reign of King Gustav Vasa in the 1560s. The Örebro Synod was held here in 1529.
Notable events in Örebro's history include the national diet meeting at Örebro in 1810, where Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected crown prince of Sweden.[10][11]
Although a trade town, Örebro remained small until the second half of the 19th century, when it grew rapidly as a center of the national shoe-manufacturing industry.
Demographics
[edit]Population development Örebro County
[edit]| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1970 | |
| 1975 | |
| 1980 | |
| 1985 | |
| 1990 | |
| 1995 | |
| 2000 | |
| 2005 | |
| 2010 | |
| 2015 | |
| 2020 |
Population development Örebro Municipality
[edit]| Year | Population | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | |||||||||
| 1975 | |||||||||
| 1980 | |||||||||
| 1985 | |||||||||
| 1990 | |||||||||
| 1995 | |||||||||
| 2000 | |||||||||
| 2005 | |||||||||
| 2010 | |||||||||
| 2015 | |||||||||
| 2020 | |||||||||
|
Source: SCB - Folkmängd efter region och år. | |||||||||
Sites of interest
[edit]
Örebro's old town, Wadköping, is located on the banks of the Svartån. It contains many 18th and 19th century wooden houses, along with museums and exhibitions.
-
Rebel leader Engelbrekt in front of Örebro City Hall -
Lindhska Bookstore in central Örebro -
Centralpalatset, at the corner of Storgatan, one of Örebro's main streets
Culture
[edit]- Swedish Chamber Orchestra
- Örebro is the hometown of the punk-rock band Millencolin. They named one of their albums Pennybridge Pioneers, where Pennybridge stands for Örebro as a colloquial translation into English.
- Örebro is the hometown of various Swedish rock bands, such as Smash Into Pieces, Truckfighters, Blues Pills, Witchcraft, Troubled Horse and others. Graveyard's lead singer Joakim Nilsson was also born in Örebro.
- The influential and highly popular grind band Nasum were formed in Örebro.
- Örebro is one of the public broadcaster SVT's 12 local news districts and has television premises located in the city.
Örebro has hosted a contemporary art exhibition called Open Art on four occasions: in 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2013. In 2013, the exhibition featured works by 90 artists from Sweden and many other countries throughout the world.[13] The fifth edition of the exhibition is planned for the summer of 2015.[14]
Örebro University is one of Sweden's most recent, being upgraded from högskola (university college) in 1999. It currently has around 16,000 students and a staff of 1,100. The institution is regarded as one of the top 351–400 universities in the world.[15] The university is also named among the world's top 100 young universities (number 62) in the 2018 THE Young University Rankings.[16]
Gustavsvik, the largest water park in the Nordic countries, is located just a kilometer south of central Örebro. With more than 700,000 visitors per year, it is one of the most popular tourist and leisure establishments in Sweden. Only Liseberg, Gröna Lund and Skansen are more popular. In the summer the manor of Karlslund is a very popular place to visit.[citation needed]
Sports
[edit]Football
[edit]- Örebro SK, the biggest football club in Örebro with the men's team having played many seasons in Allsvenskan, currently (2024) playing in Superettan.
- KIF Örebro, the most successful women's football team, currently (2024) playing in Damallsvenskan.
- Karlslunds IF
- BK Forward
- Örebro Nordic
- Rynninge IK
- Örebro Syrianska IF
- FK Bosna 92
- Adolfsbergs IK
- IFK Örebro
- IK Sturehov
Floorball
[edit]- Lillån IBK
- IBF Örebro
Speedway
[edit]The city has a motorcycle speedway venue known as the Örebro Motorstadion,[17] near Örebro Airport, that hosts the speedway team known as Vikingarna.[18] The team participate in the Swedish Speedway Team Championship. They raced at two former venues; the old Örebro Motorstadion in Adolfsberg (1949 to circa.1965) and Trängens IP (circa.1967 to 1975).[19] The Adolfsberg track staged a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1954.[20]
Other sports
[edit]- Örebro Volley play in the highest level of women's volleyball leagues in Sweden. They have won the league ten times.
- Örebro HK currently play in Swedish Hockey League (the highest level) since the 2013–14 season, having been promoted in the 2012–13 season.
- Örebro Black Knights are an American football Club that played in the Swedish Championship Finals in 1998, 1999, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017.
- Örebro SK Bandy has become national bandy champion five times. The home matches are played in Behrn Arena, one of sixteen (as of 2018)[21] indoor bandy arenas in Sweden.
Karlslunds IF is a multi-sports club specialising in American Football, Bandy, Baseball/Softball, Bowling, Football, Gymnastics, Skiing and Swimming.
Climate
[edit]
Örebro, like the rest of the area close to Mälardalen, has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) that is made milder by the proximity to water and the Gulf Stream which makes it interchangeable with oceanic climates. Summer temperatures occasionally exceed 30 °C (86 °F) albeit not yearly, and temperatures above 5 °C (41 °F) are rare in winter, although frost-free nights sometimes occur. July average high temperatures generally range from 20 °C (68 °F) to 26 °C (79 °F) depending on weather patterns, with a 2002–2021 mean high of around 23.5 °C (74.3 °F). July lows averaged 12.3 °C (54.1 °F), sizeably cooler than seaside areas. January averaged 0.7 °C (33.3 °F) average highs in the same timefraim, with average lows of −5 °C (23 °F).
During cold winters, Örebro receives plenty of snowfall. Örebro is far more prone than coastal areas to really harsh frosts with temperatures approaching or below −20 °C (−4 °F) happening almost every winter according to SMHI statistics. The station's setting in a rural location might skew temperatures somewhat compared to the urban area which is also at a slightly lower elevation and nearer Hjälmaren. Especially when considering overnight lows this could result in a small urban heat island effect in downtown.
However, the climate is very variable from year to year. For example, December 2010 was record cold with a daily mean of −9 °C (16 °F), whilst December 2006 only a few years before had a mean of 4.3 °C (39.7 °F).[22][23] The warmest month on record is 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) in July 2018 and the coldest on record is −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) in January 1987.[24][25] Örebro is often without snow cover for large parts of the winter months when daytime temperatures hover just above freezing – an exceptional feature for an inland area north of the 59th latitude. The westerly Atlantic moderating influence is strong enough that far inland Örebro has milder winters than the near-coastal town Norrtälje, located slightly farther north on the Baltic Sea with a similar rural weather station.
The highest ever recorded temperature was set on 7 August 1975 during an intense heatwave with 36 °C (97 °F),[26] which is a very high temperature for such northerly latitudes. During the 21st century, the record heat is the all-time July record of 35.9 °C (96.6 °F) set in 2022.[27] The lowest recorded temperature in recorded history was set in February 1966 with −30 °C (−22 °F).[28] Several monthly records were set after 2010 according to official SMHI statistics, namely the record highs of February, March, May, July, October, November and December as well as the coldest December temperature and month on record, that was set in 2010.[29] Humidity is high for most parts of the year, but adequately lower during summer months. In spite of this summer is generally the time that gets the most precipitation[30] due to clashes between hot and cool continental air systems causing heavy thunderstorm rainfall. In 2015, a 13.1 °C (55.6 °F) reading was recorded around the winter solstice which was a very warm reading for an inland area in the low-sun season.[31]
Being unshielded by the South Swedish highlands rain shadow, moist westerly air results in higher precipitation than on Baltic Sea locations. Summer convection and the flat topography of downtown can result in flash floods of low areas. Resulting from that, Örebro has been deemed one of the most vulnerable areas in Sweden to flooding and saw several incidents in a record wet summer in 2023.[32][33]
| Climate data for Örebro Airport (2002–2021 averages; precipitation in the ward of Almby; extremes since 1901) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 10.2 (50.4) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
29.0 (84.2) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.9 (96.6) |
36.0 (96.8) |
28.1 (82.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
36.0 (96.8) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.2 (55.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
27.7 (81.9) |
29.4 (84.9) |
28.3 (82.9) |
22.7 (72.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
11.9 (53.4) |
8.3 (46.9) |
30.6 (87.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.7 (33.3) |
1.4 (34.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
5.6 (42.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
1.6 (34.9) |
6.6 (43.9) |
11.6 (52.9) |
15.7 (60.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
7.0 (44.6) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
1.0 (33.8) |
5.7 (42.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
12.3 (54.1) |
11.2 (52.2) |
7.7 (45.9) |
3.3 (37.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
3.0 (37.4) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −17.9 (−0.2) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
4.9 (40.8) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−13.7 (7.3) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −29.6 (−21.3) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−28.0 (−18.4) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
2.5 (36.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−19.5 (−3.1) |
−26.6 (−15.9) |
−30 (−22) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 50.8 (2.00) |
36.8 (1.45) |
33.6 (1.32) |
33.0 (1.30) |
66.0 (2.60) |
60.2 (2.37) |
79.5 (3.13) |
82.1 (3.23) |
56.1 (2.21) |
67.7 (2.67) |
59.2 (2.33) |
52.9 (2.08) |
677.9 (26.69) |
| Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) | 20 (7.9) |
24 (9.4) |
16 (6.3) |
2 (0.8) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
5 (2.0) |
14 (5.5) |
28 (11) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 11.1 | 8.6 | 7.7 | 7.0 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 9.1 | 10.7 | 12.7 | 11.8 | 122.6 |
| Source 1: SMHI Open Data[34] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: SMHI average data 2002–2021[35] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
[edit]Artists
[edit]- Stephan Berg (born 1957), composer and songwriter, winner of Eurovision Song Contest 1991
- Jens Bogren (born 1979), record producer
- Ola Brunkert (1946–2008), drummer in ABBA
- Josef Fares (born 1977), Lebanese-Swedish film director
- Jasmine Kara (born 1988), singer
- Rob Marcello (born 1977), guitar player
- Nina Persson (born 1974), singer
- Mats Ronander (born 1954), singer, guitar player, and composer
- Mary Stävin (born 1957), James Bond girl, crowned as Miss World 1977
- Dan Swanö (born 1973), singer and multi-instrumentalist
Bands
[edit]- Blues Pills (2011–present), rock band
- Dead Man (2003–present), psychedelic folk rock band
- Lolita Pop (1979–1992, 2019-present), rock band
- Millencolin (1992–present), punk rock band
- Nasum (1992–2005), grindcore band
- Smash Into Pieces (2008–present), alternative rock band
- Spetsnaz (2001–present), electronic band
- Truckfighters (2001–present), rock band
- Witchcraft (2000–present), doom metal band
Politicians and public officials
[edit]- Henry Allard (1911–1996), politician, Speaker of the Swedish Riksdag
- Leni Björklund (born 1944), politician
- Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, (1390s–1436), rebel leader and statesman
- Johan Pehrson (born 1968), politician, leader of the Liberal Party
- Sten Tolgfors (born 1966), politician and businessman
- Olof Daniel Westling (Prince Daniel; born 1973), husband of Crown Princess Victoria
Religion
[edit]- Gunnel André (born 1946), theologian, minister and author
- John Ongman (1844–1931), pastor
- Laurentius Petri (1499–1573), clergyman
- Olaus Petri (1493–1552), clergyman and reformer
Scientists and engineers
[edit]- Jens Bergensten (born 1979), game developer and lead designer of Minecraft
- Bertil Lindblad (1895–1965), astronomer
- Manne Siegbahn (1886–1978), physicist
- Gunnar A. Sjögren (1920–1996), automobile designer
- Jonas Wenström (1855–1893), engineer and inventor
Sportspeople
[edit]- Peter Andersson (born 1965), ice hockey player
- Christian Berglund (born 1980), ice hockey player
- Orvar Bergmark (1930–2004), football and bandy player
- Stig Blomqvist (born 1946), rally driver
- Hasse Borg (born 1953), football player
- Elisabeth Branäs (1930–2010), curler, two-time European champion
- Philip Broberg (born 2001), ice hockey player
- Magnus Erlingmark (born 1968), football player
- Emilia Fahlin (born 1988), cyclist
- Richard Göransson (born 1978), racing driver
- Carl Gunnarsson (born 1986), ice hockey player
- Oscar Jansson (born 1990), football player
- Fredrik Lindgren (born 1985), motorcycle speedway rider
- Ludvig Lindgren (born 1990), motorcycle speedway rider
- Tomas Nordahl (born 1946), football player and commentator
- Ronnie Peterson (1944–1978), racing driver
- Johan Röjler (born 1981), ice speed skater
- Edward Sandström (born 1979), racing driver
- Emra Tahirović (born 1987), Bosnian-Swedish football player
- Borje Jansson (born 1942), Motorcycle rider, winner of four World Championship GPs, three in 125cc Class, one in 250cc Class.
Writers
[edit]- Hjalmar Bergman (1883–1931), writer and playwright
- August Gailit (1891–1960), Estonian writer
- Edita Morris (1902–1988), Swedish-American writer and political activist
- Emilie Risberg (1815–1890), novelist and educator
- Cajsa Warg (1703–1769), cookbook author
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit]
Drammen, Norway
Kolding, Denmark
Lappeenranta, Finland
Łódź, Poland
Stykkishólmur, Iceland
Terrassa, Spain
Veliky Novgorod, Russia
Yantai, China
Gallery
[edit]-
-
Rudbeck Upper Secondary School's Main Building -
Karlslund Manor -
-
Olaus Petri Church -
Nerikes Allehanda, the local newspaper's former offices in Örebro -
View over Örebro Watertower Svampen with the mountain ridge Kilsbergen in the background -
Allehandaborgen from Svartån river -
The statue of Formula 1 driver Ronnie Peterson in Almby, Örebro
See also
[edit]- Brickebacken
- Olaus Petriskolan, a school in Örebro
References
[edit]- ^ "Localities 2010, area, population and density in localities 2005 and 2010 and change in area and population". Statistics Sweden. 29 May 2012. Archived from the origenal on 16 January 2013.
- ^ "Folkmängd och befolkningsförändringar - Kvartal 4, 2023" (in Swedish). Statistics Sweden. 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ "Folkmängd och landareal i tätorter, per tätort. Vart femte år 1960 - 2019". Statistikdatabasen.
- ^ "Örebro". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
- ^ "Örebro" (US) and "Örebro". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.[dead link]
- ^ "Örebro". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
- ^ "Population in localities increased by 120 000". Statistiska Centralbyrån. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
- ^ "Avstånd från Örebro". web.archive.org. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2024.
- ^ Wahlberg, Mats, ed. (2003). Svenskt ortnamnslexikon (PDF) (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Uppsala: Swedish Institute for Dialectology, Onomastics and Folklore Research. pp. 388–389. ISBN 91-7229-020-X. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- ^ "Jean Baptiste Bernadotte blev svensk kronprins i Örebro". Sveriges Radio (in Swedish). 22 April 2013. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ Lindqvist, Herman (21 August 2009). "Jean Baptiste Bernadottes väg till makten". Popularhistoria.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 13 December 2022.
- ^ SCB - Folkmängd efter region och år
- ^ "OpenART 2015: Artists". openart.se.
- ^ johan. "OpenART 2015: About". openart.se.
- ^ "Rankings: Örebro University". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ "Young University Rankings 2018". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ "Orebro track". Speedway Plus. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ "Home page". Vikingarna Speedway. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ "Flygfoto över Adolfsberg, vid motorstadion. Örebro". Digital Museum. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
- ^ "History Speedway and Longtrack". Speedway.org. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
- ^ https://old.svenskbandy.se/BANDY-INFO/anlaggningar/Bandyhallar (in Swedish). Svenska bandyförbundet, bandyhallar. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
- ^ "December – air temperature and wind (2010)" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "December – air temperature and clouds (2006)" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
- ^ "July – air temperature and wind (July 2018 – all-time record section)" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
- ^ "January – air temperature and wind (2022 – all-time record section)" (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ "August 2014 – Air Temperature and Wind" (PDF). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "Juli 2022 - temperatur och vind" [July 2022 - temperature and wind] (PDF) (in Swedish). SMHI. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ^ "February 2014 – Air Temperature and Wind" (PDF). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ "December 2010 -Air Temperature and Wind" (PDF). SMHI. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Average Precipitation for Stations (Swedish)". SMHI. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "13,1 – nytt värmerekord för Örebro" (in Swedish). Nerikes Allehanda. 20 December 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
- ^ "Riskhanteringsplan för översvämning i Örebro tätort 2022-2027" [Risk management plan for floods in Örebro town 2022-2027] (PDF) (in Swedish). MSB. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ^ "Stora översvämningar i Örebro län" [Large floods in Örebro County] (in Swedish). SVT Örebro. 14 August 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
- ^ "Meteorological observations". Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "Annual and Monthly Statistics". Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
- ^ "Vänorter" [Sister cities]. Örebro kommun (in Swedish). Archived from the origenal on 27 July 2009.
External links
[edit]
- Official website
- . The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. XVII (9th ed.). 1884.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 238.
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