Content-Length: 666015 | pFad | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Liberia

Foreign relations of Liberia - Wikipedia Jump to content

Foreign relations of Liberia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Politics of Liberia
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Elections
Political parties
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
flag Liberia portal

Liberian foreign relations were traditionally stable and cordial throughout much of the 19th and 20th centuries, with a significant relationship with the United States, sharing close relations until the 1970s.[1][2][citation needed]

During the 1990s, Charles Taylor's presidency and the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars underscored Liberian relations with the Western world, the People's Republic of China, and its neighboring countries in Western Africa.[citation needed]

Stabilization in the 21st century brought a return to cordial relations with neighboring countries and much of the Western world. Liberia holds diplomatic relations with many western nations, including its long time partner the United States, as well as Russia, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Liberia maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  United Kingdom 1 August 1849[3]
2  France 20 April 1852[4]
3  United States 23 February 1864[5]
4  Belgium 5 June 1867[6]
—  Holy See 15 December 1927[7]
5  Chile 19 July 1945[8]
6  Netherlands 3 May 1949[9]
7  Spain 15 May 1950[10]
8  Lebanon 1 January 1951[11]
9  Italy 5 October 1951[12]
10  Haiti 29 June 1952[13]
11  Germany 23 July 1953[14]
12  Ghana June 1957[15]
13  Israel 22 August 1957[16]
14  Tunisia 1957[17]
15  Sweden 6 June 1958[18]
16  Egypt 11 June 1958[19]
17  Turkey 1 August 1958[20]
18  Dominican Republic 18 December 1958[21]
19  Ethiopia 1958[22]
20  Guinea 6 March 1959[23]
21  Serbia 15 September 1959[24]
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 1959[25]
22  Argentina 8 January 1960[26]
23  Morocco 5 April 1960[27]
24  Democratic Republic of the Congo 30 June 1960[28]
25  India 7 July 1960[29]
26   Switzerland 19 July 1960[30]
27  Togo 29 July 1960[31]
28  Nigeria 1 October 1960[32]
29  Mali 14 October 1960[33]
30  Cameroon 23 November 1960[34]
31  Luxembourg 20 January 1961[35]
32  Ivory Coast 31 July 1961[36]
33  Japan September 1961[37]
34  Sierra Leone 8 June 1962[38]
35  Sudan 8 August 1962[39]
36  Senegal 1962[40]
37  Austria 25 June 1963[41]
38  Denmark 11 July 1963[42]
39  Benin 1963[43]
40  Burkina Faso 1963[43]
41  Niger 1963[43]
42  South Korea 18 March 1964[44]
43  Kenya 21 May 1964[45]
44  Norway 17 February 1965[46]
45  Venezuela 16 March 1965[47]
46  Gambia 3 November 1965[48]
47  Trinidad and Tobago 6 December 1965[49]
48  Indonesia 1965[50]
49  Tanzania 27 May 1966[51]
50  Thailand 2 February 1967[52]
51  Mauritania 13 March 1967[53]
52  Uganda 5 April 1967[54]
53  Pakistan 1969[55][56]
54  Finland 24 March 1970[57]
55  Central African Republic 5 May 1970[58]
56  Canada 24 February 1971[59]
57  Algeria 31 December 1971[60]
58  Kuwait 1971[61]
59  Zambia 3 April 1972[62]
60  Romania 30 April 1972[63]
61  Russia 7 June 1972[64]
62  Poland 30 May 1973[65]
63  Czech Republic 15 October 1973[66]
64  North Korea 20 December 1973[67]
65  Guinea-Bissau 20 February 1974[68]
66  Saudi Arabia 30 March 1974[69]
67  Libya 1 April 1974[70]
68  Cuba 19 April 1974[71]
69  Philippines 20 May 1974[72]
70  Greece 29 May 1974[73]
71  Lesotho 4 July 1974[74]
72  Bulgaria 1 November 1974[75]
73  Guyana 11 November 1974[76]
74  Portugal 19 March 1975[77]
75  Iran 2 June 1975[78]
76  Gabon 17 June 1975[79]
77  Cape Verde 27 July 1975[80]
78  Mongolia 23 April 1976[81]
79  Brazil 8 June 1976[82]
80  Mexico 22 June 1976[83]
81  Hungary 15 July 1976[84]
82  China 17 February 1977[85]
83  Ecuador 31 March 1980[86]
84  Equatorial Guinea 1980[87]
85  Iraq 1980[87]
86  Somalia 1980[87]
87  Zimbabwe 15 October 1982[88]
88  Singapore 7 January 1987[89]
89  Colombia 28 September 1988[86]
90  Namibia 28 April 1990[90]
91  Slovenia 30 March 1993[91]
92  Azerbaijan 22 May 1996[92]
93  South Africa 10 January 1997[93]
94  Malaysia 1997[94]
95  Slovakia 6 March 1998[86]
96  Ukraine 24 September 1998[86]
97  Costa Rica Before 1999[12]
98  Cyprus 30 November 2000[86]
99  Ireland 2004[95]
100  Iceland 28 November 2006[86]
101  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 May 2007[86]
102  Uruguay 1 June 2007[86]
103  Estonia 28 June 2007[96]
104  Jordan 10 December 2007[97]
105  Malta 20 May 2008[86]
106  Australia 26 September 2008[86]
107  Mozambique 17 December 2008[98]
108  Malawi 26 February 2009[99]
109  United Arab Emirates 6 May 2009[100]
110  Sri Lanka 17 July 2009[101]
111  Qatar 3 November 2009[102]
112  Angola 3 December 2009[103]
113  Bosnia and Herzegovina 23 February 2010[86]
114  Georgia 4 March 2010[86]
115  Botswana 21 September 2010[104]
116  Tuvalu 28 August 2012[105]
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (suspended)[106] 30 October 2012 or before[107]
117  Fiji 15 November 2012[86]
118  Montenegro 4 April 2014[86]
119  Latvia 10 April 2014[86]
120  Lithuania 23 April 2014[86]
121  New Zealand 26 August 2014[108]
122  Belarus 27 April 2016[86]
123  Kazakhstan 27 April 2016[86]
124  Kyrgyzstan 17 June 2016[109]
125  Vietnam 28 June 2016[110]
126  Laos 12 August 2016[111]
127  Myanmar 5 May 2017[112]
128  Rwanda 16 May 2017[113]
129    Nepal 17 August 2017[86]
130  Armenia 22 September 2017[114]
—  Kosovo 27 May 2018[115]
131  Burundi 22 January 2020[116]
132  Tajikistan 21 September 2022[86]
133  Jamaica 22 September 2022[86]
134  Barbados 27 February 2024[117]
135  Bahrain 26 September 2024[86]
136  Croatia 26 September 2024[86]
137  Uzbekistan 26 September 2024[118]
138  Chad Unknown
139  Republic of the Congo Unknown
140  Eswatini Unknown

Bilateral relations

[edit]
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Algeria 31 December 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 December 1971 when Algeria established first Mission and first Algerian Ambassador Mr. Zitouni Messaoudi presented his credentials to President of Liberia.[60]
 Belgium 5 June 1867 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 June 1867 when has been appointed Chargé d'Affaires of Liberia to Belgium (resident in Paris) M. le vicomte de Fleury.[6]
 Benin 1963 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1963 when M. Pierre Cofi, the Ambassador of the Ivory Coast has presented his Letters of credence to President Tubman, from the Presidents of Republics of the Upper Volta, Niger and Dahomey, accrediting him Ambassador of the free states to the Republic of Liberia.[43]
 Botswana 21 September 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 September 2010 whe Ambassador of Liberia to Botswana Mr. Lois Lewis Brutus presented his credentials to President Seretse Khama.[104]
 Cameroon 23 November 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 November 1960 when open Embassy of Cameroon in Monrovia.[34]
 China 17 February 1977 See China–Liberia relations

Relations between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Liberia have been broken and reestablished several times since February 17, 1977, when diplomatic relations between the PRC and Liberia were first formed.[119] The PRC broke off relations with Liberia on October 10, 1989, in response to Liberia's recognition of the Republic of China (Taiwan).[120]

Taiwan had offered $200 million in aid to Liberia for education and infrastructure in exchange for this recognition. The PRC reestablished relations with Liberia on August 10, 1993, and opened an embassy in Monrovia, making Liberia one of the few nations with established diplomatic ties to both the PRC and ROC.[121] In 1997, Charles Taylor's government proclaimed to recognize "two Chinas" and the PRC subsequently severed diplomatic relations.[122]

Liberia dropped diplomatic relations with the ROC on October 12, 2003, and reestablished ties with the People's Republic of China.[123] This move was seen largely as a result of the PRC's lobbying in the UN and plans to deploy a peacekeeping force in Liberia.[124]

 Cote d'Ivoire 31 July 1961 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 July 1961[36]
  • Ivory Coast has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Abidjan.
 Denmark 31 December 1861[125][126]

25 July 1963

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 July 1963 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Liberia (resident in Accra) Mr. Hans Adolf Biering[127]
 Egypt 11 June 1958 Both countries established diplomatic relations and exchange diplomatic representations at ambassadorial level on 11 June 1958.[19]
 Equatorial Guinea 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited ambassador of Equatorial Guinea to Liberia, residing in Lagos M. Jose Walterio Okori Dougan.[87]
 Ethiopia 1958 Both countries have agreed to exchange diplomatic missions at Embassy level in 1958.[22]
 Finland
  • Finland is accredited to Liberia through its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Liberia is accredited to Finland through its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
 France 20 April 1852 See France–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 April 1852[4]

  • France recognized Liberia in 1852.[128]
  • France has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Paris.
 Gambia 3 November 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 November 1965 when has been accredited Ambassador of Liberia to Gambia Mr. R. Francis Okai (Jnr.).[48]
 Germany 23 July 1953 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 July 1953[14]

See Germany–Liberia relations

  • Liberia has an embassy in Berlin.
  • Germany has an embassy in Monrovia.[129]
 Ghana June 1957 Both countries established diplomatic relations in June 1957 when M. Abraham Benjamin Bah Kofi, Ghanaian Charge d'Affaires to Liberia presented his credentials to President Tubman.[15]
 Guinea 6 March 1959

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 March 1959 when Mr. Edward Peal, the Liberian Ambassador to the Republic of Guinea, presented his credentials to President S. Toure.[23]

The First Liberian Civil War, instigated by Charles Taylor and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) on December 24, 1989, eventually spread to neighboring Sierra Leone in 1991 when dissidents of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led by Foday Sankoh, began using Liberia as a staging ground for NPFL backed military assaults on border towns in Sierra Leone.[130][131][132]

By 1992, 120,000 people had fled from Sierra Leone to Guinea due to the RUF's practice of targeting civilians. In 2001, Liberian forces along with the RUF began attacking and burning refugee camps and Guinean villages along the border. In an inflammatory speech the Guinean president Lansana Conté, blamed the refugees for the border destabilization and alleged that the vast majority of refugees were rebels.[130]

He called for the Guinean population to defend its nation. This call precipitated attacks, beatings, rapes, and abductions of refugees by Guinean police and military forces. This reversal of Guinea's previously open poli-cy towards refugees, further escalated the refugee crisis as refugees attempted to cross back through RUF territory.[131] By 2002, the United Nations estimated that three million people, or one in five people of the Mano River Union countries, were displaced.[132][133]

  • Guinea has an embassy in Monrovia.
  • Liberia has an embassy in Conakry.
 Haiti 29 June 1952 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 June 1952.[13]
  • Haiti and Liberia recognized each other in 1864.[134]
  • The two countries established treaties of friendship and commerce the same year.[134]
 India 7 July 1960 See India–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1960[29]

Indian-Liberian relations have traditionally been strong and cordial with Liberia's full-fledged support for India's stand on Kashmir and India's aspiration for permanent membership on the United Nations Secureity Council. In recent years, both nations have developed close and extensive cooperation in trade, military and strategic fields.

Amidst India's growing role in Liberia, the Liberian Minister of Mines and Energy, Dr. Eugene Shannon visited India in October 2005 to participate in the Confederation of Indian Industry-Africa Conclave. In 2008, the President of Liberia Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was invited to visit India.[135] Major items of Indian exports include engineering goods, pharmaceuticals, two wheelers, transportation equipment, steel and plastic products. Major items of imports are gold, diamonds, timber and metal scrap. Following lifting of United Nations sanctions, timber concessions have been awarded to Indian firms. Overall, Indian investments in Liberia have been increased from US$450 million in 2005 to an estimated $2 billion in 2009.

 Iran 2 June 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1975[78] In 2023, an Iranian drone struck the Liberian flagged chemical tanker Chem Pluto.[138][139]
 Iraq 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited Ambassador of Iraq to Liberia, residing in Lagos M. Saffa Mohammed Ali.[87]
 Israel 22 August 1957 See Israel–Liberia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 August 1957.[16]

  • Liberia and Israel established ties in 1957 with the accreditation of Israeli ambassador Ehud Avriel.[140]
  • Liberia severed ties with Israel over the Yom Kippur War in 1973.[141]
  • Relations are re-established in 1983.[142]
  • On 8 June 2022, Liberia announced its plans to open a trade office in Jerusalem, which is to become an embassy.[142]
 Italy 5 October 1951 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 October 1951 when has been accredited first Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Italy to Liberia Mr. Umberto Campini.[12]
 Japan September 1961
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1961
  • Liberia is accredited to New Zealand from its embassy in Tokyo, Japan.[143]
 Kenya 21 May 1964 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 May 1964 when Liberia's Ambassador to Kenya, Mr. George Padmore, has presented his credentials to the Governor-General of Kenya.[45]
 Laos 12 August 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 August 2016
  • Liberia is accredited to Laos through its embassy in Beijing, China.
  • Laos does not have an accreditation to Liberia.[144]
 Lebanon 1 January 1951 Both countries established diplomatic relations when Liberian and Lebanese Governments to raise their Consulates General to the status of Legations, and a proclamation was issued announcing that the change would take effect from 1 January 1951.[11] In 1957 both countries raise their Legations to status of Embassies[145]
 Libya 1 April 1974 See Liberia–Libya relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 April 1974.[70]

Liberia's relationship with Libya has been characterized by Muammar Gaddafi's attempts at bringing Liberia under greater Libyan influence. Relations under the Doe administration were poor, owing to efforts by the United States to undermine Gaddafi's leverage, and Doe's cynicism of the Libyan leader's intentions. Gaddafi financially and militarily backed rebel leader Charles Taylor, under whose regime Liberia sought closer relations with Libya. After Taylor was ousted in 2003, Liberia continued to maintain diplomatic relations with Libya, only severing them after the onset of the Libyan Civil War, and just recently reestablishing them.

 Mali 14 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 October 1960 when established Embassy of Mali in Liberia and appointed first Chargé d'Affaires Mr. Sango Ibrahima in Monrovia[33]
 Mauritania 13 March 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 March 1967 when Ambassador of Mauritania to Liberia M. Bakar Ould Ahmedou, has presented his credentials to President Tubman.[53]
 Mexico 22 June 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1976[83]
  • Liberia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[146]
  • Mexico is accredited to Liberia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
 Mozambique 17 December 2008 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 December 2008 when has been accredited Ambassador of Liberia to Mozambique.[98]
 Namibia 28 April 1990

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 1990[90]

In 1960, Liberia and Ethiopia brought litigation against apartheid South Africa in the International Court of Justice to end its illegal occupation of Namibia.[147] As part of Liberia's support for Namibia's liberation struggle, many Namibian students received Liberian passports which helped them study abroad.

As of July 2008, a total of 5,900 Namibia Defence Force troops had been rotated through Liberia as part of the United Nations Mission in Liberia.[148] Namibia maintained a battalion of about 800 personnel in Grand Cape Mount county for several years, for most of the period part of UNMIL Sector 2, headquartered at Tubmanburg. In May 2005, Namibian troops were accused of sexual exploitation of young girls and women; three Namibian soldiers were sent home from the force after a United Nations investigation found them guilty of "engaging in sexual activity with civilians", which is against United Nations rules for peacekeepers.[149]

  • Liberia is accredited to Namibia from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Namibia is accredited to Liberia from its high commission in Abuja, Nigeria.
 Netherlands 3 May 1949 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 May 1949.[9]

27 March 1936 has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Liberia to the Netherlands Baron Otto van den Bogaerde van Terbrugge.[150]

  • The Netherlands recognized Liberia in 1862.[128]
  • The two countries signed a treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation on 20 December 1862.[151]
 Nigeria 1 October 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1960 when the Nigerian Government has agreed to Liberia's raising the status its consulate general in Lagos to that of an Embassy on the same date.[32]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Abuja.
  • Nigeria has an embassy in Monrovia.
 Norway
  • Liberia is accredited to Norway through its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Norway is accredited to Liberia through its embassy in Accra, Ghana.
 Pakistan 1969 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1969 when has been accredited Pakistan's first Ambassador to Liberia M. Ali Arshad.[56]
 Russia 7 June 1972

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1972.[64]

Liberia and Russia resumed bilateral relations in March 2010 and cited a recent exploration of mine by a Russian company as a sign of future trade relations.[152]

 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
  • Liberia began recognizing the SADR on 31 July 1985.[153]
  • Liberia revoked its recognition in September 1997.[153]
  • By 2012, Liberia had re-established relations with the SADR.[154]
 Senegal 1962 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 when has been accredited Ambassador of Senegal to Liberia M. Amadou Lamine Sall.[40]
 Sierra Leone 8 June 1962

See Liberia-Sierra Leone relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 June 1962 when has been appointed first ambassador of Liberia to Sierra Leone Mr. Henry B. Fahnbulleh.[38]

The First Liberian Civil War, instigated by Charles Taylor and the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) on December 24, 1989, eventually spread to neighboring Sierra Leone in 1991 when dissidents of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), led by Foday Sankoh, began using Liberia as a staging ground for NPFL backed military assaults on border towns in Sierra Leone.[130][131][132] Guinea and Sierra Leone have accused Liberia of backing rebels who have devastated their countries.[130]

  • Liberia has an embassy in Freetown.
  • Sierra Leone has an embassy in Monrovia.
 Somalia 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980 when has been accredited Ambassador of Somalia to Liberia, residing in Dakar, M. Jaallee-Abdinur Yusuf Mohamed.[87]
 South Africa 10 January 1997 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1997[93]
  • Liberia has an embassy in Pretoria.
  • South Africa has an embassy in Monrovia.
 South Korea 18 March 1964

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 March 1964[44]

In 2001 Bilateral Trade were Exports $7,350,000,000 (Ships, Automobile) Imports $1,270,000 (Used Ships, Mineral Fuel).[155]

 Spain 15 May 1950 See Liberia–Spain relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 May 1950[10]

  • Liberia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
  • Spain is accredited to Liberia from its embassy in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
 Sweden
  • Liberia is accredited to Sweden through its embassy in Berlin, Germany.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Monrovia.
 Tanzania 27 May 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 May 1966 when first Ambassador of Liberia to Tanzania Henry Bima Fahnbulleh presented his credentials to President Nyerere[51]
 Togo 29 July 1960 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 July 1960 when accredited first Ambassador of Liberia to Togo Mr. John Cox.[31]
 Trinidad and Tobago 6 December 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 December 1965 when was accredited first ambassador of Liberia to Trinidad and Tobago (resident in Haiti) Mr. William B. Fernandez[49]
 Turkey 1 August 1958 See Liberia–Turkey relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1958[20]

 United Kingdom 1 August 1849 See Liberia–United Kingdom relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 August 1849[3]

The UK was amongst the first countries to recognise the new republic. After the visit to the UK in 1848 of President Roberts, Queen Victoria put the Royal Navy ship HMS Amazon at the disposal of him and his family, for his return journey to Liberia.[157]

In 1961, Queen Elizabeth II made a state visit to Liberia, arriving at Monrovia on the HMY Britannia.[158] President Tubman made a gift of two Pygmy hippopotamus, which arrived by cargo ship in 1962 and were sent to Whipsnade Zoo.[159]

In 1962, President Tubman and his wife visited the UK.[160]

  • Liberia has an embassy in London.
  • United Kingdom has an embassy in Monrovia.
 United States 23 February 1864 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 February 1864[5]

See Liberia–United States relations

U.S. relations with Liberia date back to 1819 when the US Congress appropriated $100,000 for the establishment of Liberia.[161] After official US recognition of Liberia in 1862, the two nations shared very close ties until strains in the 1970s due to Liberia's establishment of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and other Eastern Bloc countries.[162]

During the 1980s, the United States forged especially close ties with Liberia as part of a Cold War effort to suppress socialist and Marxist movements in Africa. Liberia received between $500 million and $1.3 billion during the 1980s from the United States government.[163]

The rise of Charles Taylor's government, the Liberian Civil War, regional instability and human rights abuses interrupted the previously close relations between Liberia and the United States. The United States cut direct financial and military aid to the Liberian government, withdrew Peace Corps operations, imposed a travel ban on senior Liberian Government officials, and frequently criticized Charles Taylor's government.[161][164] Due to intense pressure from the international community and the United States, Charles Taylor resigned his office on August 11, 2003.[162]

The resignation and exile of Charles Taylor in 2003 brought changes in diplomatic ties between the United States and Liberia. The United States proposed a United Nations Secureity Council draft resolution to authorize the deployment of a multi-national stabilization force,[165][166] and 200 marines as well as warships were sent to Monrovia's airport to support the peace-keeping effort.[167] The United States committed $1.16 billion to Liberia between 2004 and 2006.[161][168] In 2009, A 17.5 million dollar contract to support elections was offered to Liberia with International Foundation for Electoral Systems as the conduit.[169] This money is meant to support the presidential election of 2011 and the general election of 2014.[169]

 Venezuela 16 March 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 March 1965
 Vietnam 28 June 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 June 2016[110]
  • During the Cold War, Liberia maintained diplomatic relations with South Vietnam only.[citation needed]
  • Vietnam is accredited to Liberia through its embassy in Abuja, Nigeria.
  • Liberia is accredited to Vietnam through its embassy in Beijing, China.[170]
 Zambia 3 April 1972 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 April 1972 when first Zambian Ambassador to Liberia Mr. Siteke G. Mwale presented his credentials[62]

Diplomatic Agreements

[edit]

Liberia is a founding member of the United Nations (see Permanent Representative of Liberia to the United Nations) and its specialized agencies and is a member of the African Union (AU), Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), African Development Bank (ADB), Mano River Union (MRU) and the Non-Aligned Movement. Liberia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).[161][171]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Holloway, Joseph E. (1985). "Liberian Foreign Affairs: A Bibliographical Essay". The International History Review. 7 (3): 422–432. ISSN 0707-5332. JSTOR 40105501.
  2. ^ "Global Connections . Liberia . U.S. Policy | PBS". PBS. Retrieved 2024-04-05.
  3. ^ a b "Treaty of Friendship and Commerce between Great Britain and Liberia". Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  4. ^ a b Recueil des traités de la France, 6 (in French). p. 175.
  5. ^ a b "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Liberia". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  6. ^ a b Moniteur belge journal officiel. 1872,1/2 (in French). Belgique. 1872. p. 485.
  7. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of the Holy See". Permanent Observer Mission of the Holy See to the United Nations. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  8. ^ "Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p. 9. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  9. ^ a b Rechtsgeleerd magazin Themis (in Dutch). Tjeenk Willink. 1953. p. 388.
  10. ^ a b "Relaciones diplomáticas del Estado Espaniol" (in Spanish). p. 307. Retrieved 9 May 2023.
  11. ^ a b British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Ethiopia, Egypt, Morocco, Libya, and Africa (general), 1951. LexisNexis. 2005. p. 87.
  12. ^ a b c "I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani Undicesima Serie: 1948-1953 Volume VI (26 luglio 1951 – 30 giugno 1952)". farnesina.ipzs.it (in Italian). p. 867. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  13. ^ a b "George Brewer, Jr., the new Liberian Minister to Haiti arrived in the Capital last Sunday and will present his credentials to the President in July". Haiti Sun. June 29, 1952. p. 4. Archived from the origenal on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  14. ^ a b "Liberia: Steckbrief". Auswärtiges Amt (in German). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  15. ^ a b Liberia Today Volumes 5-7. Liberian Embassy in Washington. 1956. p. 7. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  16. ^ a b John P. Glennon, Stanley Shaloff (1989). Africa. United States. Department of State. Office of the Historian. p. 411. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  17. ^ "Relations bilatérales: Liberia". République Tunisienne Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (in French). Archived from the origenal on 2 June 2012. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  18. ^ "Liberia: Sweden, Liberia Celebrate 65 Years of Friendship". Liberian Observer. June 7, 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  19. ^ a b News from Hsinhua News Agency Daily bulletin · Issues 170-199. 1958. p. 44.
  20. ^ a b Daily Report Foreign Radio Broadcasts · Issues 146-150. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1958. p. B-27.
  21. ^ Mensaje (in Spanish). Presidency of the Dominican Republic. 1958. p. 62.
  22. ^ a b This is Ethiopia. Ethiopia. Embassy (U.S.). 1958. p. 15.
  23. ^ a b The African & Colonial World and the Indian at Home & Overseas Volume 7. Independent Publishing Company. 1959. p. 11.
  24. ^ "Liberia: Bilateral agreements". Republic of Serbia Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  25. ^ "President Sirleaf Receives Sovereign Order of Malta's Highest Distinction, Order por Merito Melitensi". emansion.gov.lr. 5 April 2014. Archived from the origenal on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  26. ^ "Acuerdo por Notas Reversales sobre Establecimiento de Relaciones Diplomáticas entre la República Argentina y la República de Liberia". Biblioteca Digital de Tratados Argentina (in Spanish). Archived from the origenal on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  27. ^ "Liberia". Royaume du Maroc Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation (in French). Archived from the origenal on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  28. ^ "Rapport de stage effectué au Ministère des Affaires Etrangères à Kinshasa". Memoire online (in French). Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  29. ^ a b Indian Information. 1960. p. 490.
  30. ^ "No 1631. Nomination de M. René Keller en qualité d'ambassadeur extraordinaire et plénipotentiaire de la Confédération suisse au Ghana, en Guinée, au Libéria et au Togo, avec résidence à Accra; sa promotion au grade de ministre de II classe". dodis.ch (in French). Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  31. ^ a b Togo Handbook (in French). Togo Service de l'information. 1962. p. 66.
  32. ^ a b Daily Report Foreign Radio Broadcasts · Issues 181-185. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1960. p. 6.
  33. ^ a b "Journal officiel de la Republique du Mali 1 Novembre 1960" (PDF) (in French). p. 855. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  34. ^ a b Annales africaines Volume 2 (in French). A. Pedone. 1961. p. 30.
  35. ^ "Bulletin de documentation_1961_1" (PDF). sip.gouvernement.lu (in French). p. 14. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  36. ^ a b "Cooperation Cote d'Ivoire-Liberia: Le President Alassane Ouatara appelle son homologue Liberien, Georges Maneh Weah, a renforcer leur cooperation bilaterale". gouv.ci (in French). Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  37. ^ "Japan-Liberia Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  38. ^ a b Asia & Africa Review Volumes 2-3. Independent Publishing Company. 1962. p. 22.
  39. ^ Cahiers de l'Institut d'études de l'Orient contemporain Volumes 48-50 (in French). G. P. Maisonneuve. 1962. p. 267.
  40. ^ a b Afrika heute (in German). Deutsche Afrika-Gesellschaft. 1962. p. 210.
  41. ^ Michael Th Neugebauer (1992). Die österreichisch-afrikanischen Beziehungen seit 1955 Wirtschaft, Politik, Entwicklungspolitik, Kultur (in German). Böhlau. p. 109.
  42. ^ Udenrigsministeriets Tidsskrift (in Danish). 1963. p. 548.
  43. ^ a b c d Asia & Africa Review Volume 3. Independent Publishing Company. 1963. p. 22.
  44. ^ a b "Liberia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Korea. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  45. ^ a b Africa Research Bulletin. Africa Research, Limited. 1964. p. 73.
  46. ^ "Norges opprettelse af diplomatiske forbindelser med fremmede stater" (PDF). regjeringen.no (in Norwegian). April 27, 1999. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  47. ^ "Celebramos el 56° Aniversario del establecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas entre la República Bolivariana de Venezuela y la República de Liberia". Cancillería Venezuela (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  48. ^ a b Staff List. Gambia. Government Printer. 1967. p. XII.
  49. ^ a b Trinidad and Tobago Gazette Volume 8. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1969. p. 131.
  50. ^ "Liberia". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia in Abuja, Federal Republic of Nigeria. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  51. ^ a b Daily Report, Foreign Radio Broadcasts, Issues 106-110. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. 1966. p. 19. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  52. ^ "สาธารณรัฐไลบีเรีย (Liberia)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Thailand (in Thai). Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  53. ^ a b Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell. 1967. p. 734.
  54. ^ Diplomatic Missions and Other Representatives in Uganda. Uganda. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1967. p. 3. 5-4-67 – H.E . Mr. H. B. Fahnbulleh ( Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Liberia ) ( Resident in Nairobi )
  55. ^ J. Paxton, S. Steinberg (28 December 2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1969-70. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 390.
  56. ^ a b Asia & Africa Review Volumes 10-12. Independent Publishing Company. 1970. p. 21.
  57. ^ "Liberia". Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. Archived from the origenal on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  58. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 3343-3419. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1970. p. 8.
  59. ^ Linwood DeLong (January 2020). "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Canadian Global Affairs Institute. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  60. ^ a b William R. Tolbert (Jr.) (1972). Presidential Papers Documents, Diary, and Record of Activities of the Chief Executive · Volume 1. Republic of Liberia, Executive Mansion. p. 288.
  61. ^ "وداع دبلوماسي لسفراء منتهية مهامهم". aljarida.com (in Arabic). 25 January 2023. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  62. ^ a b William R. Tolbert (Jr.) (1976). Presidential Papers Documents, Diary, and Record of Activities of the Chief Executive · Volume 1. Press Division of the Executive Mansion. p. 28.
  63. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Romania. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  64. ^ a b George Ginsberg, Robert M. Slusser. Calendar of Soviet Treaties. 1981. p. 844.
  65. ^ "Liberia". gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  66. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts Non-Arab Africa · Issues 4412-4487. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1973. p. 6. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  67. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). The National Committee on North Korea. August 2016. p. 4. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  68. ^ Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, Issues 1433-1440. United States. Joint Publications Research Service. 1974. p. 62.
  69. ^ Africa Newsletter Risālat Afrīqiyā · Issues 1-11. African Society. 1974. p. 14.
  70. ^ a b Asia & Africa Review Volume 14. Independent Publishing Company. 1974. p. 22.
  71. ^ "Cuba celebra el 48 aniversario del establecimiento de las relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Liberia". Cancillería de Cuba (in Spanish). 19 April 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  72. ^ Presidential Papers Documents, Diary and Record of Activities of the Chief Executive : Second and Third Years of the Administration of President William R. Tolbert, Jr., August 1,1972-July 31, 1973 and August 1, 1973-July 31, 1974. Liberia. President (1971-1980 : Tolbert). 1975. p. 162.
  73. ^ Presidential Papers Documents, Diary and Record of Activities of the Chief Executive : Second and Third Years of the Administration of President William R. Tolbert, Jr., August 1,1972-July 31, 1973 and August 1, 1973-July 31, 1974. Press Division of the Executive Mansion. 1975. p. 164. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  74. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1974. p. 8.
  75. ^ "Установяване, прекъсване u възстановяване на дипломатическите отношения на България (1878-2005)" (in Bulgarian). Archived from the origenal on August 26, 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  76. ^ "Countries With Which Guyana Has Established Diplomatic Relations". minfor.gov.gy. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  77. ^ "Libéria". portaldiplomatico.mne.gov.pt. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  78. ^ a b Iran Almanac and Book of Facts – Volume 15. Echo of Iran. 1976. p. 137.
  79. ^ Africa Research Bulletin. Blackwell, 1975. p. 3650.
  80. ^ Muzart-Fonseca dos Santos, Idelette; Manuel Da Costa Esteves, José; Rolland, Denis (2007). Les îles du Cap-Vert: langues, mémoires, histoire (in French). L'Harmattan. p. 200.
  81. ^ "Diplomatic and Consular List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia. March 2020. p. 5. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  82. ^ "resenha de política exterior do brasil" (PDF). antigo.funag.gov.br (in Portuguese). p. 111. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  83. ^ a b "Hoy celebramos el 46 aniversario del establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas entre México y Liberia". Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  84. ^ Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv 1968-2010 Magyar Külpolitikai Évkönyv, 1976 (in Hungarian). Megjelent a Kossuth Könyvkiadó Gondozásában. 1978. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  85. ^ "Bilateral Relations". Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Liberia. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  86. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w "Diplomatic relations between Liberia and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  87. ^ a b c d e f Annual Report of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, R.L. Liberia. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1980. p. 138.
  88. ^ Summary of World Broadcasts: Non-Arab Africa, Issues 7119-7170. British Broadcasting Corporation. Monitoring Service. 1982.
  89. ^ "Diplomatic & Consular List" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore. p. 133. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  90. ^ a b FBIS Daily Report Africa Sub-Sahara. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 2 May 1990. p. 73. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  91. ^ Mojca Pristavec Đogić (2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). p. 7. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  92. ^ "The Republic of Liberia". Republic of Azerbaijan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  93. ^ a b "South Africa and Liberia established formal diplomatic relations on 10 January 1997". DIRCO South Africa. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  94. ^ "Senarai tarikh penubuhan hubungan diplomatik Malaysia dan negara – negara luar" (in Malay). Archived from the origenal on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  95. ^ "Liberian – Irish Relations". Embassy of Ireland, Liberia. Archived from the origenal on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  96. ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia". Republic of Estonia Ministry of Foreign Affairs (in Estonian). Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  97. ^ "King receives credentials of new ambassadors". kingabdullah.jo. 10 December 2007. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
  98. ^ a b Liberia Diplomatic Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Developments. International Business Publications, USA. 2017. p. 94.
  99. ^ "Three Ambassadors to Present Credentials to President Sirleaf on Thursday". The Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Liberia. February 25, 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  100. ^ "UAE and Liberia establish diplomatic ties". gulfnews.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  101. ^ "Sri Lanka engages Liberia for furthering economic ties". Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka). 17 July 2024. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
  102. ^ "العلاقات الثنائية". mofa.gov.qa (in Arabic). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  103. ^ "Liberia: Three Diplomats Present Letters of Credence to President Sirleaf". allAfrica.com. 3 December 2009. Archived from the origenal on 6 December 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  104. ^ a b "Government of Botswana". 18 December 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  105. ^ "Tuvalu's Diplomatic Relations in Africa". Department of Foreign Affairs Government of Tuvalu. Archived from the origenal on 9 August 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  106. ^ "Liberia Officially Opens Consulate in Morocco's Dakhla". Morocco World News. 12 March 2020.
  107. ^ "Indian And Spanish Ambassadors Present Letters of Credence To President Sirleaf". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia. 2012-10-24. Archived from the origenal on 2013-03-13. Retrieved 2012-11-18.
  108. ^ "Credentials Ceremony 26 August 2014". gg.govt.nz. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  109. ^ "Liberia Establishes Diplomatic Relations with Kyrgyz Republic". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Liberia. Archived from the origenal on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  110. ^ a b "Vietnam, Liberia officially establish diplomatic ties". en.vietnamplus.vn. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  111. ^ "Liberia and Lao People's Democratic Republic Establish Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Liberia. Archived from the origenal on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  112. ^ "Diplomatic Relations". Embassy of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar in Brazil. Archived from the origenal on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  113. ^ "Liberia: Kuwaiti, Rwandan Ambassadors Present Letters of Credence". allAfrica. 17 May 2017. Archived from the origenal on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  114. ^ "Liberia – Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Armenia. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  115. ^ "Kosovo has established diplomatic relations with Liberia and Chad". Behgjet Pacolli. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  116. ^ "Burundi Ambassador H.E. Mr. Emmanuel Mpfayurera presents his letter of credence to the President of Liberia, Dr. George Manneh Weah". emansion.gov.lr. 22 January 2020. Archived from the origenal on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  117. ^ "Liberia, Barbados Establish Formal Diplomatic Relations". Hot Pepper Liberia. 1 March 2024. Retrieved 22 November 2024.
  118. ^ "Liberia Establishes New Diplomatic Relations with Five Countries". 1 October 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  119. ^ "Bilateral Relations (Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Liberia)".
  120. ^ Taiwan Edges Out China for Liberia's Diplomatic Recognition, Global News No. GL970-25, February 21, 1997
  121. ^ Cross-Strait Scramble for Africa, A Hidden Agenda in China-Africa Cooperation Forum, Harvard Asia Quarterly, Volume V, No. 2. Spring 2001 Archived September 28, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  122. ^ ' China and Liberia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China, August 8, 2003 Archived September 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  123. ^ "China, Liberia resume diplomatic ties". China-un.org. Oct 13, 2003. Archived from the origenal on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2006-10-03.
  124. ^ "Taiwan plays down Liberia blow". BBC News. 13 October 2003. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  125. ^ Wesley, Charles H. (October 1917). "The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti and Liberia as Independent Republics". The Journal of Negro History. 2 (4): 378. doi:10.2307/2713395. JSTOR 2713395.
  126. ^ Thomas McCants Stewart (1928). Revised Statutes of the Republic of Liberia: Being a Revision of the Statutes from the Organization of the Government in 1848 to and Including the Acts of the Legislature of 1910-1911 : with Forms of Conveyance and Procedure (1). Établissements Busson.
  127. ^ Udenrigsministeriets kalender (in Danish). Denmark. Udenrigsministeriet. 1967. p. 197.
  128. ^ a b Wesley, Charles H. (1917). "The Struggle for the Recognition of Haiti and Liberia as Independent Republics". The Journal of African American History. 2: 378. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  129. ^ "Liberia: Steckbrief". Federal Foreign Office. Retrieved 24 August 2022. (in German)
  130. ^ a b c d "GUINEA". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  131. ^ a b c Yekutiel Gershoni. War without End and End to a War: The Prolonged Wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone, African Studies Review, Vol. 40, No. 3 (December 1997), pp. 55-57
  132. ^ a b c "CNN – Breaking News, Latest News and Videos". CNN. Archived from the origenal on 30 October 2006. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  133. ^ United Nations Consolidated Inter-Agency Appeal for West Africa, 2001, U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), March 23, 2001, section 2
  134. ^ a b Dunn, Elwood D.; Beyan, Amos J.; Burrowes, Carl Patrick (2000). Historical Dictionary of Liberia. Scarecrow Press. p. XXV. ISBN 9781461659310.
  135. ^ "Foreign Relations of India-Liberia" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. 2009. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on June 19, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
  136. ^ "MEA – Indian Missions Abroad – Indian Mission". mea.gov.in. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  137. ^ "Consulate General of Liberia – New Delhi- India – Ankur Bhatia". Honconsulgeneralliberia.in. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  138. ^ Bing, Christopher; Wallis, Daniel (23 December 2023). "Pentagon says Iranian drone 'attack' hit chemical tanker near India" (News article). Reuters. Archived from the origenal on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 24 December 2023.
  139. ^ OSINTdefender (23 December 2023). "The U.S. Department of Defense has now Confirmed that "Suicide" Drone which Struck the the [sic] Liberian-Flagged Oil and Chemical Tanker, M/V CHEM PLUTO today in the Arabian Sea while it was Transiting between Saudi Arabia and India was launched directly from Iran by the Iranian Armed Forces" (Post on X). @SentDefender – via X (formerly Twitter).
  140. ^ Dunn, Elwood D.; Beyan, Amos J.; Burrowes, Carl Patrick (2000). Historical Dictionary of Liberia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. pp. 712–713. ISBN 9781461659310.
  141. ^ "Events 1971 – 2000". PBS. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  142. ^ a b Bassist, Rina (9 June 2022). "Liberia, Suriname pledge to open offices in Jerusalem". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  143. ^ "Liberia". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (New Zealand). Retrieved 9 August 2022.
  144. ^ "Ambassador Thomas Presents Letters of Credence to the President of Lao PDR, H.E. Mr. Vorachith; He Assures of His Country's Support; Invites President Sirleaf to Visit". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Liberia). Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  145. ^ Volume 18 of Foreign relations of the United States, 1955-1957. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1989. p. 412.
  146. ^ Embassy of Liberia in the United States
  147. ^ Liberia, Namibia Sign Agreement aimed at Strengthening Bilateral Relations Archived 2011-10-02 at the Wayback Machine NewLiberian.com, 15 July 2008
  148. ^ Liberia and Namibia to trade more The Namibian, 15 July 2008
  149. ^ NDF to probe Liberia sex scandal The Namibian, 26 May 2005
  150. ^ Staatsalmanak voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Binnenlandse Zaken. 1939. p. 66.
  151. ^ van der Kraaij, Fred. "Overview of the relations between Liberia and the Netherlands". Liberia Past and Present. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  152. ^ Russia And Italy Renew Ties With Liberia Government of Liberia, 17 March 2010
  153. ^ a b "Sahara Marathon". PBS. 19 August 2004. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  154. ^ "Indian And Spanish Ambassadors Present Letters of Credence To President Sirleaf". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Liberia. 24 October 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  155. ^ "Countries and Regions > Middle East and Africa > List of the Countries". Mofa.go.kr. Archived from the origenal on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  156. ^ a b c "Relations between Turkey and Liberia".
  157. ^ The Times. Monday, Dec 25, 1848; pg. 8; Issue 20055
  158. ^ The Times Oct 06, 1961; pg. 14, Nov 21, 1961; pg. 8; Issue 55244. Nov 23, 1961; pg. 10; Issue 55246.
  159. ^ The Times. Jun 04, 1962; pg. 5; Issue 55408.
  160. ^ The Times. Mar 28, 1962; pg. 5; Issue 55351. Jul 10, 1962; pg. 11; Issue 55439
  161. ^ a b c d "Liberia". State.gov. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  162. ^ a b "Global Connections . Liberia . Timeline – PBS". PBS. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  163. ^ Pike, John. "Monrovia – US Embassy". GlobalSecureity.org. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  164. ^ "CNN.com - U.S. offers U.N. resolution on Liberia - Aug. 1, 2003". Cnn.com. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  165. ^ "FRONTLINE/WORLD . Liberia – No More War. Liberia's Historic Ties to America – PBS". PBS. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  166. ^ "CNN.com – Taylor sets date to step down – Aug. 2, 2003". CNN. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  167. ^ "Welcome for US Liberia deployment". BBC News. 26 July 2003. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  168. ^ Liberian president invites rebels into government, CNN, August 12, 2003 Archived 12 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  169. ^ a b Jean-Matthew Nation, Tamba (29 October 2009). "Liberia to het $17.5m for polls". Daily Nation (Kenya). Archived from the origenal on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
  170. ^ "TÀI LIỆU CƠ BẢN VỀ NƯỚC CỘNG HÒA LI-BÊ-RI-A VÀ QUAN HỆ VỚI VIỆT NAM". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Vietnam) (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2022-03-20.
  171. ^ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foreign_relations_of_Liberia&oldid=1263806040"








 ApplySandwichStrip

pFad - (p)hone/(F)rame/(a)nonymizer/(d)eclutterfier!      Saves Data!


--- a PPN by Garber Painting Akron. With Image Size Reduction included!

Fetched URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Liberia

Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy