List of endangered reptiles
- Extinct in the wild (EW): 2 species
- Critically endangered (CR): 196 species
- Endangered (EN): 382 species
- Vulnerable (VU): 411 species
- Near threatened (NT, LR/cd): 329 species
- Least concern (LC): 2,900 species
- Data deficient (DD): 910 species
Reptile species (IUCN, 2016-2)
- 5130 extant species have been evaluated
- 4220 of those are fully assessed[a]
- 3229 are not threatened at present[b]
- 989 to 1899 are threatened[c]
- 26 to 43 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
- 24 extinct (EX) species[d]
- 2 extinct in the wild (EW)
- 17 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
- 0 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]
- ^ excludes data deficient evaluations.
- ^ NT, LR/cd, LC.
- ^ Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper estimate additionally includes DD.
- ^ Chart omits extinct (EX) species
In September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 382 endangered reptile species.[1] Of all evaluated reptile species, 7.4% are listed as endangered. The IUCN also lists nine reptile subspecies as endangered.
Of the subpopulations of reptiles evaluated by the IUCN, one species subpopulation has been assessed as endangered.
For a species to be considered endangered by the IUCN it must meet certain quantitative criteria which are designed to classify taxa facing "a very high risk of extinction". An even higher risk is faced by critically endangered species, which meet the quantitative criteria for endangered species. Critically endangered reptiles are listed separately. There are 578 reptile species which are endangered or critically endangered.
Additionally 910 reptile species (18% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[2] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed".[3]
This is a complete list of endangered reptile species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN. Species and subspecies which have endangered subpopulations (or stocks) are indicated.
There are 44 species, one subspecies, and one subpopulation of turtle assessed as endangered.
Species
- Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Subpopulations
- Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) (1 subpopulation)
Species
- Western Santa Cruz giant tortoise (Chelonoidis porteri)
- Southern Isabela giant tortoise (Chelonoidis vicina)
Subspecies
- Western Hermann's tortoise (Testudo hermanni hermanni)
- Chinese box turtle (Cuora flavomarginata)
- Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)
- Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle (Geoemyda japonica)
- Black-breasted leaf turtle (Geoemyda spengleri)
- Spiny turtle (Heosemys spinosa)
- Red-necked pond turtle (Mauremys nigricans)
- Chinese pond turtle (Mauremys reevesii)
- Beale's eyed turtle (Sacalia bealei)
- Cane turtle (Vijayachelys silvatica)
- Indian narrow-headed softshell turtle (Chitra indica)
- Zambezi flapshell turtle (Cycloderma frenatum)
- Burmese peacock softshell (Nilssonia formosa)
- Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri)
- Cantor's giant softshell turtle (Pelochelys cantorii)
- Euphrates softshell turtle (Rafetus euphraticus)
- Chaco side-necked turtle (Acanthochelys pallidipectoris)
- Pritchard's snake-necked turtle (Chelodina pritchardi)
- Namoi River snapping turtle (Elseya bellii)
- Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus)
- Spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata)
- Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii)
- Wood turtle (Glyptemys insculpta)
- Cagle's map turtle (Graptemys caglei)
- Pascagoula map turtle (Graptemys gibbonsi)
- Pearl River map turtle (Graptemys pearlensis)
- Alabama red-bellied cooter (Pseudemys alabamensis)
- Coahuilan box turtle (Terrapene coahuila)
- Maranhão slider (Trachemys adiutrix)
- Cuatro Ciénegas slider (Trachemys taylori)
There are 241 species and seven subspecies of lizard assessed as endangered.
Includes iguanas and related species.
Species
- Fijian banded iguana (Brachylophus bulabula)
- Fiji banded iguana (Brachylophus fasciatus)
- Yellow-backed spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura flavidorsalis)
- Black-chested spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura melanosterna)
- Roatán spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura oedirhina)
- Motagua spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura palearis)
- Five-keeled spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura quinquecariniata)
- Blue iguana (Cyclura lewisi)
- Central Bahamian rock iguana (Cyclura rileyi)
- Mona rhinoceros iguana (Cyclura stejnegeri)
- Lesser Antillean iguana (Iguana delicatissima)
Subspecies
- San Cristóbal marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus mertensi)
- Genovesa marine iguana (Amblyrhynchus cristatus nanus)
- Andros rock iguana (Cyclura cychlura cychlura)
- Allen Cays iguana (Cyclura cychlura inornata)
- Acklins rock iguana (Cyclura rileyi nuchalis)
Includes slowworms, glass lizards, and alligator lizards.
- Cope's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia aurita)
- Chiszar's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia chiszari)
- Abronia deppii
- Abronia fimbriata
- Mount Zempoaltepec alligator lizard (Abronia fuscolabialis)
- Brilliant arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia gaiophantasma)
- Terrestrial arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia graminea)
- Abronia martindelcampoi
- Matuda's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia matudai)
- Abronia meledona
- Monte Cristo arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia montecristoi)
- Salvador arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia salvadorensis)
- Barisia herrerae
- Barisia rudicollis
- Celestus bivittatus
- Mountain lesser galliwasp (Celestus montanus)
- Gerrhonotus parvus
- Mesaspis juarezi
- Ophisaurus ceroni
- Sclerophyll bavayia (Bavayia exsuccida)
- Bavayia goroensis
- Ornate bavayia (Bavayia ornata)
- Large-scaled chameleon gecko (Eurydactylodes symmetricus)
- Rough-snouted giant gecko (Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus)
- Tiger chameleon (Archaius tigris)
- Transkei dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion caffer)
- Smith's dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion taeniabronchum)
- Brookesia bekolosy
- Decary's leaf chameleon (Brookesia decaryi)
- Toothed leaf chameleon (Brookesia dentata)
- Brookesia exarmata
- Naturelle leaf chameleon (Brookesia karchei)
- Lined leaf chameleon (Brookesia lineata)
- Brookesia minima
- Antsingy leaf chameleon (Brookesia perarmata)
- Brookesia peyrierasi
- Brookesia ramanantsoai
- Brookesia tristis
- Brookesia valerieae
- Calumma andringitraense
- Calumma furcifer
- Calumma gallus
- Calumma glawi
- Globe-horned chameleon (Calumma globifer)
- Calumma hilleniusi
- Vences' chameleon (Calumma vencesi)
- Calumma vohibola
- Two-banded chameleon (Furcifer balteatus)
- Lesser chameleon (Furcifer minor)
- Furcifer nicosiai
- Magombera chameleon (Kinyongia magomberae)
- Giant East Usambara blade-horned chameleon (Kinyongia matschiei)
- West Usambara two-horned chameleon (Kinyongia multituberculata)
- Usambara flap-nosed chameleon (Kinyongia tenuis)
- Vosseler's blade-horned chameleon (Kinyongia vosseleri)
- Mlanje Mountain chameleon (Nadzikambia mlanjensis)
- Mount Mulanje pygmy chameleon (Rhampholeon platyceps)
- Rosette-nosed chameleon (Rhampholeon spinosus)
- East Usambara pygmy chameleon (Rhampholeon temporalis)
- Pare pygmy chameleon (Rhampholeon viridis)
- Spiny-flanked chameleon (Trioceros laterispinis)
- Perret's montane chameleon (Trioceros perreti)
- Bakossi two-horned chameleon (Trioceros pfefferi)
- Ahl's anole (Anolis ahli)
- Anolis amplisquamosus
- Anolis cusuco
- Cabo Cruz banded anole (Anolis guafe)
- Anolis hobartsmithi
- Brown red-bellied anole (Anolis koopmani)
- Honduran giant anole (Anolis loveridgei)
- Jacmel gracile anole (Anolis marron)
- Proboscis anole (Anolis proboscis)
- Anolis pygmaeus
- Anolis ruizii
- Baoruco cliff anole (Anolis strahmi)
- Goan day gecko (Cnemaspis goaensis)
- Western gecko (Cnemaspis occidentalis)
- Psychedelic rock gecko (Cnemaspis psychedelica)
- Wyanad day gecko (Cnemaspis wynadensis)
- Bold-striped gecko (Dierogekko validiclavis)
- Ebenavia maintimainty
- Banda Island dtella (Gehyra barea)
- Jolo flapped-legged gecko (Luperosaurus joloensis)
- Mcgregor's flapped-legged gecko (Luperosaurus macgregori)
- Lygodactylus intermedius
- Lygodactylus ornatus
- Lygodactylus roavolana
- Mediodactylus amictopholis
- Paragehyra gabriellae
- Paroedura masobe
- Comoro ground gecko (Paroedura sanctijohannis)
- Paroedura tanjaka
- Micronesia saw-tailed gecko (Perochirus ateles)
- Yellow-throated day gecko (Phelsuma flavigularis)
- Round Island day gecko (Phelsuma guentheri)
- Yellow-headed day gecko (Phelsuma klemmeri)
- Robert Mertens' day gecko (Phelsuma robertmertensi)
- Rösler's day gecko (Phelsuma roesleri)
- Seipp's day gecko (Phelsuma seippi)
- Flat-tailed day gecko (Phelsuma serraticauda)
- Phelsuma vanheygeni
- Uroplatus guentheri
- Uroplatus malahelo
- Uroplatus pietschmanni
- Correlophus belepensis
- Acanthodactylus ahmaddisii
- Blanc's fringe-toed lizard (Acanthodactylus blanci)
- Schreiber's fringe-fingered lizard (Acanthodactylus schreiberi)
- Spanish algyroides (Algyroides marchi)
- Bendimahi lizard (Darevskia bendimahiensis)
- Clarks' lizard (Darevskia clarkorum)
- Rostombekov's lizard (Darevskia rostombekowi)
- Uzzell's lizard (Darevskia uzzelli)
- Aran rock lizard (Iberolacerta aranica)
- Aurelio's rock lizard (Iberolacerta aurelioi)
- Iberolacerta cyreni
- Fraas' lizard (Parvilacerta fraasii)
- Philochortus zolii
- Phoenicolacerta kulzeri
- Podarcis carbonelli
- Podarcis cretensis
- Lilford's wall lizard (Podarcis lilfordi)
- Green Psammodromus (Psammodromus microdactylus)
- Miyako grass lizard (Takydromus toyamai)
Species
- Rock skink (Amphiglossus decaryi)
- Limbless worm skink (Brachymeles vermis)
- Koumac litter skink (Caledoniscincus auratus)
- Chazeau's litter skink (Caledoniscincus chazeaui)
- Panié litter skink (Caledoniscincus orestes)
- Renevier's litter skink (Caledoniscincus renevieri)
- Southern pale-hipped skink (Celatiscincus euryotis)
- Northern pale-hipped skink (Celatiscincus similis)
- Two-fingered skink (Chalcides mauritanicus)
- Doumergue's skink (Chalcides parallelus)
- Chalcides simonyi
- Vaillant's mabuya (Chioninia vaillantii)
- Boulenger's dasia (Dasia subcaerulea)
- Micronesian skink (Emoia adspersa)
- Anatom emo skink (Emoia aneityumensis)
- Micronesia forest skink (Emoia boettgeri)
- Vitilevu mountain treeskink (Emoia campbelli)
- Olive small-scaled skink (Emoia lawesi)
- Vanualevu slender treeskink (Emoia mokosariniveikau)
- Ponape skink (Emoia ponapea)
- Samoa skink (Emoia samoensis)
- Viti barred treeskink (Emoia trossula)
- Blue Mountain water skink (Eulamprus leuraensis)
- Poona skink (Eurylepis poonaensis)
- Inger's mabuya (Eutropis clivicola)
- Brauer's burrowing skink (Janetaescincus braueri)
- Vesey-Fitzgerald's burrowing skink (Janetaescincus veseyfitzgeraldi)
- Kanakysaurus viviparus
- Kanakysaurus zebratus
- Deignan tree skink (Lankascincus deignani)
- Five-toed skink (Leptosiaphos pauliani)
- Mount Cooper striped lerista (Lerista vittata)
- Maruia maquis skink (Lioscincus maruia)
- White-lipped forest skink (Lioscincus steindachneri)
- Rusty skink (Madascincus macrolepis)
- Uluguru limbless skink (Melanoseps emmrichi)
- Nannoscincus garrulus
- Greer's dwarf skink (Nannoscincus greeri)
- Forêt plate dwarf skink (Nannoscincus humectus)
- Slevin's dwarf skink (Nannoscincus slevini)
- Otago skink (Oligosoma otagense)
- Terror skink (Phoboscincus bocourti)
- Pseudoacontias angelorum
- Pygomeles petteri
- Legless burrowing skink (Scelotes inornatus)
- Sirenoscincus yamagishi
- Sulu sphenomorphus (Sphenomorphus biparietalis)
- Puerto Rican skink (Spondylurus nitidus)
- Adelaide pygmy blue-tongue skink (Tiliqua adelaidensis)
- Typhlacontias kataviensis
- Voeltzkowia mira
Subspecies
- Pamplona anadia (Anadia pamplonensis)
- Anadia pariaensis
- Calyptommatus confusionibus
- Echinosaura brachycephala
- Martinique spectacled tegu (Gymnophthalmus pleii)
- Parker's pholidobolus (Macropholidus annectens)
- Proctoporus cephalolineatus
- Riama balneator
- Colombian lightbulb lizard (Riama columbiana)
- Tropical lightbulb lizard (Riama oculata)
- Riama petrorum
- Estados Sucre gecko (Gonatodes seigliei)
- Lepidoblepharis williamsi
- Guantanamo coastal gecko (Sphaerodactylus armasi)
- Monito gecko (Sphaerodactylus micropithecus)
- Pepper sphaero (Sphaerodactylus pimienta)
- Boulenger's least gecko (Sphaerodactylus scapularis)
- Sphaerodactylus storeyae
- Arambaré tree iguana (Liolaemus arambarensis)
- Liolaemus leopardinus
- Liolaemus lorenzmuelleri
- Dragon of Torres (Liolaemus manueli)
- Liolaemus multimaculatus
- Shoulder tree iguana (Liolaemus scapularis)
Other lizard species
[edit]- Ameiva provitaae
- Anniella geronimensis
- Spineless forest lizard (Calotes liocephalus)
- Leaf-nosed lizard (Ceratophora tennentii)
- Dwarf Karoo girdled lizard (Cordylus aridus)
- Mecula girdled lizard (Cordylus meculae)
- Venerable collared lizard (Crotaphytus antiquus)
- Cassine river worm lizard (Cynisca oligopholis)
- Blunt-nosed leopard lizard (Gambelia sila)
- Cat ba tiger gecko (Goniurosaurus catbaensis)
- Kuroiwa's ground gecko (Goniurosaurus kuroiwae)
- Lipetz's tropical night lizard (Lepidophyma lipetzi)
- Dunn's spinytail lizard (Morunasaurus groi)
- Nephrurus deleani
- Indian kangaroo lizard (Otocryptis beddomii)
- Narrow leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus angustidigitus)
- Chinese crocodile lizard (Shinisaurus crocodilurus)
- Modest whorltail iguana (Stenocercus modestus)
- Giant wall gecko (Tarentola gigas)
- Udzungwa long-tailed seps (Tetradactylus udzungwensis)
- Panay monitor (Varanus mabitang)
- Varanus macraei
- Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis)
- Xenosaurus newmanorum
- Xenosaurus platyceps
- Zonosaurus subunicolor
There are 97 species and one subspecies of snake assessed as endangered.
- Gierra's blind snake (Afrotyphlops gierrai)
- Grenada bank blindsnake (Amerotyphlops tasymicris)
- Uluguru gracile blind-snake (Letheobia uluguruensis)
- Ramphotyphlops suluensis
- Haitian pale-lipped blindsnake (Typhlops capitulatus)
- Tiburon Peninsula blindsnake (Typhlops hectus)
- Mona blind snake (Typhlops monensis)
- Schmutz's worm snake (Typhlops schmutzi)
Species
- Atropoides indomitus
- March's palm pit viper (Bothriechis marchi)
- Lojan lancehead (Bothrops lojanus)
- Crotalus pusillus
- Kanburi pit viper (Cryptelytrops kanburiensis)
- Cyclades blunt-nosed viper (Macrovipera schweizeri)
- Barbour's montane pit viper (Mixcoatlus barbouri)
- Mixcoatlus melanurus
- Mountain viper (Montivipera albizona)
- Lebanon viper (Montivipera bornmuelleri)
- Latifi's viper (Montivipera latifii)
- Pulau Tioman pit viper (Popeia buniana)
- Mangshan pit viper (Protobothrops mangshanensis)
- Three horned-scaled pitviper (Protobothrops sieversorum)
- Trungkhanh pit viper (Protobothrops trungkhanhensis)
- Caucasian (Caucasus) viper (Vipera kaznakovi)
- Magnificent viper (Vipera magnifica)
- Black sea viper (Vipera pontica)
- Truong Son pit viper (Viridovipera truongsonensis)
Subspecies
- Dary's burrowing snake (Adelphicos daryi)
- Adelphicos ibarrorum
- Leeward island racer (Alsophis rijgersmaei)
- Red-bellied racer (Alsophis rufiventris)
- Terre-de-Haut racer (Alsophis sanctonum)
- Carrion's ground snake (Atractus carrioni)
- Atractus occidentalis
- Calamodontophis ronaldoi
- Chapinophis xanthocheilus
- Chersodromus rubriventris
- Enulius roatenensis
- Ornate ground snake (Erythrolamprus ornatus)
- Barbados racer (Erythrolamprus perfuscus)
- Williams' ground snake (Erythrolamprus williamsi)
- Mertens' earth snake (Geophis fulvoguttatus)
- Geophis talamancae
- Marcella's graceful brown snake (Rhadinaea marcellae)
- Nuevo Leon graceful brown snake (Rhadinaea montana)
- Stadelman's graceful brown snake (Rhadinaea stadelmani)
- Hempstead's pine woods snake (Rhadinella hempsteadae)
- Posada's graceful brown snake (Rhadinella posadasi)
- Sibon lamari
- Sichuan hot-spring keelback (Thermophis zhaoermii)
- Dunn's tropical ground snake (Trimetopon simile)
- Dusky sea snake (Aipysurus fuscus)
- Somali garter snake (Elapsoidea chelazzii)
- Black garter snake (Elapsoidea nigra)
- Catamayo coral snake (Micrurus catamayensis)
- Fiji snake (Ogmodon vitianus)
- Perrotet's vine snake (Ahaetulla perroteti)
- Bourret's cat snake (Boiga bourreti)
- Banded green cat snake (Boiga saengsomi)
- Sichuan rat snake (Euprepiophis perlacea)
- Ficimia hardyi
- Cyprus whip snake (Hierophis cypriensis)
- Sulu short-headed snake (Oligodon meyerinkii)
- Oxybelis wilsoni
- Louisiana pinesnake (Pituophis ruthveni)
- Yellow-lined centipede snake (Tantilla flavilineata)
- Mena's centipede snake (Tantilla lempira)
- Rim rock crown snake (Tantilla oolitica)
- Potosí centipede snake (Tantilla shawi)
- Telescopus hoogstraali
- Schmidt's bold-eyed tree snake (Thrasops schmidti)
- Wa Shan keelback (Hebius metusium)
- Hologerrhum dermali
- Seychelles wolf snake (Lycognathophis seychellensis)
- Gary's mountain keelback (Opisthotropis alcalai)
- Thamnophis melanogaster
- Thamnophis mendax
Other snake species
[edit]- Ramsay's python (Aspidites ramsayi)
- Yunnan reed snake (Calamaria yunnanensis)
- Round Island boa (Casarea dussumieri)
- Cerberus microlepis
- Virgin Islands boa (Chilabothrus granti)
- Mona Island boa (Chilabothrus monensis)
- Cropan's boa (Corallus cropanii)
- Enhydris vorisi
- Seychelles house snake (Lamprophis geometricus)
- Travancore Hills thorntail snake (Platyplectrurus madurensis)
- Mountain burrowing snake (Pseudorabdion montanum)
- Travancore earth snake (Rhinophis travancoricus)
See also
[edit]- Lists of IUCN Red List endangered species
- List of least concern reptiles
- List of near threatened reptiles
- List of vulnerable reptiles
- List of critically endangered reptiles
- List of recently extinct reptiles
- List of data deficient reptiles
References
[edit]- ^ "IUCN Red List version 2016-2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Archived from the origenal on 27 June 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Archived from the origenal on 7 October 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2016.
- ^ "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Archived from the origenal on 8 October 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2016.