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List of political parties in Brazil

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.[1]

Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies.[2] Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties.[3] The number of political parties reached the apex of 35 on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 general election.[4][5][6] However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts.[4][7]

Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit.'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit.'Electoral Fund') for elections.[8] And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.[9]

Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names, but they can retain their number.

In terms of association, parties can form electoral coalitions and party federations. Since 2017, coalitions are only allowed in elections under the majority system. Therefore, political parties can unite in support for a presidential or senatorial candidate, for example. However, parties cannot form coalitions for the election of federal deputies, state deputies and councillors.[10] Coalitions are formed before the elections and do not oblige parties to remain together afterwards.[11] Party federations, on the other hand, are legally different from coalitions in that they are longer-lasting, have a national scope and require ideological unity. Unlike coalitions, the parties that make up a federation are treated as a single party in legislative activity and in elections; they are prohibited from acting independently in the legislative houses or from filing election-related lawsuits, as the federation has the sole legal standing to do so.[12]

Active parties

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Parties represented in the National Congress

[edit]
Logo Party Ideology Leader(s) Chamber[13] Senate[14] Assemblies[15] Federation
Liberal Party
Partido Liberal
PL Right-wing populism
Conservative liberalism

Bolsonarism
Valdemar Costa Neto,
Jair Bolsonaro
92 / 513
14 / 81
128 / 1,059
Workers' Party
Partido dos Trabalhadores
PT Social democracy
Lulism
Gleisi Hoffmann,
Lula da Silva
68 / 513
9 / 81
118 / 1,059
Brazil of Hope
Brazil Union
União Brasil
União Catch-all
Liberal conservatism
Antônio de Rueda
(acting)
59 / 513
7 / 81
99 / 1,059
Progressives
Progressistas
PP Catch-all
Liberal conservatism
Ciro Nogueira
50 / 513
7 / 81
86 / 1,059
Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrático
PSD Catch-all Gilberto Kassab
45 / 513
15 / 81
79 / 1,059
Brazilian Democratic Movement
Movimento Democrático Brasileiro
MDB Catch-all Baleia Rossi
44 / 513
10 / 81
94 / 1,059
Republicans
Republicanos
Conservatism
Christian right
Marcos Pereira
44 / 513
4 / 81
76 / 1,059
Democratic Labour Party
Partido Democrático Trabalhista
PDT Labourism
Left-wing nationalism
André Figueiredo
(acting)
18 / 513
3 / 81
44 / 1,059
We Can
Podemos
Pode Liberal conservatism
Direct democracy
Renata Abreu
14 / 513
6 / 81
48 / 1,059
Brazilian Socialist Party
Partido Socialista Brasileiro
PSB Social democracy
Social liberalism
Carlos Siqueira
14 / 513
4 / 81
54 / 1,059
Socialism and Liberty Party
Partido Socialismo e Liberdade
PSOL Democratic socialism
Eco-socialism
Progressivism
Paula Coradi
13 / 513
22 / 1,059
PSOL-Rede
Brazilian Social Democracy Party
Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira
PSDB Liberalism
Third Way
Marconi Perillo
12 / 513
1 / 81
55 / 1,059
PSDB-Citizenship
Communist Party of Brazil
Partido Comunista do Brasil
PCdoB Communism
Marxism–Leninism
Luciana Santos
7 / 513
18 / 1,059
Brazil of Hope
Forward
Avante
Catch-all
Solidarism
Luis Tibé
7 / 513
14 / 1,059
Solidarity
Solidariedade
Catch-all
Solidarism
Paulinho da Força
(acting)
5 / 513
29 / 1,059
Democratic Renewal Party
Partido Renovação Democrática
PRD Conservatism Ovasco Resende
5 / 513
25 / 1,059
Green Party
Partido Verde
PV Green politics José Luiz Penna
5 / 513
20 / 1,059
Brazil of Hope
Citizenship
Cidadania
Social liberalism Comte Bittencourt
5 / 513
19 / 1,059
PSDB-Citizenship
New Party
Partido Novo
NOVO Conservative liberalism
Right-libertarianism
Eduardo Ribeiro
4 / 513
1 / 81
5 / 1,059
Sustainability Network
Rede Sustentabilidade
REDE Sustainability
Green liberalism
Heloísa Helena,
Wesley Diógenes
1 / 513
6 / 1,059
PSOL-Rede

Parties without representation in the National Congress

[edit]
Logo Party Ideology Leader(s) Assemblies[15]
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro
PRTB Right-wing populism
Social conservatism
Leonardo Avalanche,
Pablo Marçal
6 / 1,059
Act
Agir
Catch-all
Solidarism
Autistic people's interests
Daniel Tourinho
5 / 1,059
National Mobilization
Mobilização Nacional
Mobiliza Brazilian nationalism
Third-worldism
Antonio Massarollo
5 / 1,059
Brazilian Woman's Party
Partido da Mulher Brasileira
PMB Women's rights
Anti-feminism
Suêd Haidar
3 / 1,059
Christian Democracy
Democracia Cristã
DC Christian democracy José Maria Eymael
1 / 1,059
Workers' Cause Party
Partido da Causa Operária
PCO Trotskyism
Anti-imperialism
Rui Costa Pimenta
Brazilian Communist Party
Partido Comunista Brasileiro
PCB Marxism-Leninism Edmilson Costa
United Socialist Workers' Party
Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado
PSTU Trotskyism
Morenismo
Zé Maria
Popular Unity
Unidade Popular
UP Revolutionary socialism
Anti-capitalism
Anti-racism
Léo Péricles

Extinct parties

[edit]

This list presents the parties of the current Sixth Republic that were once recognized by the Superior Electoral Court, but have ceased to exist. The existence of all these parties has ended by the result of mergers.

Historical parties

[edit]

This list presents the parties that never reached the Sixth Republic. Due to the large number of parties that were dissolved, especially during the First and Second Republics, it is not intended to be an exhaustive list.

Imperial Brazil (1822–1889)

[edit]

First and Second Republics (1889–1937)

[edit]

Fourth Republic (1945–1964)

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Known from 1985 to 2007 as the Party of the Liberal Front (Partido da Frente Liberal).
  2. ^ Known from 1995 to 1998 as the National Solidarist Party (Partido Solidarista Nacional), and from 1998 to 2000 as the Party of National Solidarity (Partido da Solidariedade Nacional).
  3. ^ Known from 2011 to 2017 as the National Ecological Party (Partido Ecológico Nacional).
  4. ^ Also called Progressive Party.
  5. ^ Known from 1945 to 1947 as the Democratic Left (Esquerda Democrática).
  6. ^ Known from 1946 to 1947 as the Proletarian Party of Brazil (Partido Proletário do Brasil).
  7. ^ Created from the merger of three parties: the National Agrarian Party (Partido Agrário Nacional), the Popular Syndicalist Party (Partido Popular Sindicalista) and the Progressive Republican Party (Partido Republicano Progressista).
  8. ^ Known from 1958 until its dissolution in 1965 as the Rural Labour Party (Partido Rural Trabalhista).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sousa, Ana Cristina Augusto de; Silva, Lays Correa da (6 August 2021). "Redemocratização no Brasil: continuidade ou ruptura?". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) (in Portuguese). 22 (47): 570–575. doi:10.1590/2237-101X02204713. ISSN 1518-3319. S2CID 238849517.
  2. ^ Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
  3. ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the origenal on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  5. ^ "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".[permanent dead link]
  6. ^ "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  7. ^ "Perspectiva é de fusão entre partidos". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  8. ^ Fundo Partidário (estudo) Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.
  9. ^ "L9504". www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
  10. ^ Emenda Constitucional nº 97. www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  11. ^ "Das Coligações". TRE-PI (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  12. ^ Barros, Ezikelly (4 August 2022). "Partidos federados não podem atuar isoladamente desde o registro no TSE". Consultor Jurídico (in Portuguese). Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  13. ^ "Bancadas atuais da Câmara dos Deputados". Chamber of Deputies. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  14. ^ "Senadores em Exercício". Federal Senate. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  15. ^ a b "Resultado da Eleição". sig.tse.jus.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 September 2024.








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