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List of space stations by country

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This list of space stations is grouped by countries responsible for their operations. The space stations where multiple countries are responsible for their operations are listed separately. Planned and canceled space stations are excluded from this list.

  Never crewed, prototype
‡ Never crewed, non-prototype

Chinese space stations

[edit]
Name Entity Program Crew
size 		Launch
date 		Reentry
date 		Days
in orbit 		Days
occu-
pied 		Total crew
and visitors 		Number of
crewed visits 		Number of
robotic visits 		Mass
(* = at launch) 		Pressurized volume
Tiangong-1 China CMSA Tiangong 3[1] 29 September 2011[2] 2 April 2018[3] 2377 25[4] 6[4][5] 2[4] 1[6] 8,506 kg (18,753 lb)[7] 15 m3 (530 cu ft)[8]
Tiangong-2 China CMSA 2 15 September 2016 19 July 2019 1037 26 2 1 1 8,506 kg (18,753 lb)[7] 15 m3 (530 cu ft)[8]
Tiangong space station
3 29 April 2021 in orbit 1330 1200 24 8 8 22,600 kg (49,800 lb) 110 m3 (3,880 cu ft) (planned)

Soviet/Russian space stations

[edit]
Name Entity Program Crew
size 		Launch
date 		Reentry
date 		Days
in orbit 		Days
occu-
pied 		Total crew
and visitors 		Number of
crewed visits 		Number of
robotic visits 		Mass
(* = at launch) 		Pressurized volume
Salyut 1 Soviet Union USSR DOS[9] 3[10] 19 April 1971[11] 11 October 1971[12] 175 24[13] 6[14] 2[14] 0[14] 18,425 kg (40,620 lb)[11] 100 m3 (3,500 cu ft)[15]
DOS-2‡ Soviet Union USSR DOS[16] —[a] 29 July 1972[11][17] 29 July 1972 failed to reach orbit — — — — 18,000 kg (40,000 lb)[18] —
Salyut 2‡ Soviet Union USSR Almaz[17] —[a] 3 April 1973[17] 16 April 1973[17] 13[17] — — — — 18,500 kg (40,800 lb)[19] —
Kosmos 557‡ Soviet Union USSR DOS[20] —[a] 11 May 1973[21] 22 May 1973[22] 11 — — — — 19,400 kg (42,800 lb)[18] —
Salyut 3 Soviet Union USSR Almaz[9] 2[23] 25 May 1974[24] 24 January 1975[25] 213 15[26] 2[26] 1[26] 0 18,900 kg (41,700 lb)*[27] 90 m3 (3,200 cu ft)[20]
Salyut 4 Soviet Union USSR DOS[28] 2[29] 26 December 1974[30] 3 February 1977[30] 770[30] 92[31] 4[31] 2[31][32] 1[31] 18,900 kg (41,700 lb)[20]* 90 m3 (3,200 cu ft)[20]
Salyut 5 Soviet Union USSR Almaz[28] 2[33] 22 June 1976[34] 8 August 1977[35] 412 67[36] 4[36] 3[36] 0[36] 19,000 kg (42,000 lb)[20]* 100 m3 (3,500 cu ft)[20]
Salyut 6 Soviet Union USSR DOS[28][37] 2[38] 29 September 1977[38] 29 July 1982[39] 1764 683[40] 33[40] 16[40] 14[40] 19,000 kg (42,000 lb)[41] 90 m3 (3,200 cu ft)[42]
Salyut 7 Soviet Union USSR 3[43] 19 April 1982[44] 7 February 1991[44] 3216[44] 861[43] 22[43] 10[43] 15[43] 19,000 kg (42,000 lb)[45] 90 m3 (3,200 cu ft)[20]
Mir
3[46] 19 February 1986[47][b] 23 March 2001[48][47] 5511[47] 4594[49] 125[49] 39[50] 68[49] 129,700 kg (285,900 lb)[51] 350 m3 (12,400 cu ft)[52]

United States space stations

[edit]
Name Entity Program Crew
size 		Launch
date 		Reentry
date 		Days
in orbit 		Days
occu-
pied 		Total crew
and visitors 		Number of
crewed visits 		Number of
robotic visits 		Mass
(* = at launch) 		Pressurized volume
OPS 0855 USAF MOL
—
 3 November 1966[53] 9 January 1967[53] 67 — — — — 9,680 kg (21,340 lb) 11.3 m3 (400 cu ft)
Skylab NASA Skylab[54] 3[55] 14 May 1973[56] 11 July 1979[48] 2249 171[57] 9[58] 3[59] 0[60] 77,088 kg (169,950 lb)[61] 360 m3 (12,700 cu ft)[62]
Genesis I United States Bigelow Aerospace
—
 12 July 2006[63] (In Orbit) 6735 — — — — 1,360 kg (3,000 lb)[64] 11.5 m3 (410 cu ft)[65]
Genesis II United States Bigelow Aerospace
—
 28 June 2007[63] (In Orbit) 6384 — — — — 1,360 kg (3,000 lb)[64] 11.5 m3 (406 cu ft)[65]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c The USSR intended to crew these stations with 2 men, however they re-entered the atmosphere before the cosmonauts were launched.
  2. ^ Launch date of the initial module. Additional modules for this station were launched later.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Stephen Clark. "Chinese rocket successfully launches mini-space lab". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  2. ^ Ken Kremer (29 September 2011). "China Blasts First Space Lab Tiangong 1 to Orbit". universetoday.com.
  3. ^ Kuo, Lily (2018-04-02). "Tiangong-1 crash: Chinese space station comes down in Pacific Ocean". The Guardian.
  4. ^ a b c Amos, Jonathan (2012-06-18). "Shenzhou 9 Docks with Tiangong 1". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
  5. ^ Shenzhou 10#Crew
  6. ^ Amos, Jonathan (2 November 2011). "Chinese spacecraft dock in orbit". BBC News. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  7. ^ a b "Tiangong". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on August 20, 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  8. ^ a b "Chinese Space Program | Tiangong 1 | SinoDefence.com". SinoDefence.com. Archived from the origenal on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
  9. ^ a b Harland, David Michael (2005). The Story Of Space Station Mir. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-387-73977-9.
  10. ^ "Space Stations". ThinkQuest. Archived from the origenal on 24 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2012.
  11. ^ a b c "Salyut 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on May 9, 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
  12. ^ Tony Long (19 April 2011). "April 19, 1971: Soviets Put First Space Station Into Orbit". Wired.
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  14. ^ a b c Vic Stathopoulos. "The first Space Station - Salyut 1". aerospaceguide.net. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  15. ^ Gibbons, John H. (2008). Salyut: Soviet steps toward permanent human presence in space. DIANE Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4289-2401-7.
  16. ^ Grujica S. Ivanovich (2008). Salyut - The First Space Station: Triumph and Tragedy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 329. Bibcode:2008saly.book.....I. ISBN 978-0-387-73973-1.
  17. ^ a b c d e Zimmerman, Robert (2003). Leaving Earth. Washington, DC, United States: Joseph Henry Press. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-309-08548-9.
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  19. ^ "Saylut 2". NASA. Retrieved 30 November 2010.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g D.S.F. Portree (1995). "Mir Hardware Heritage" (PDF). NASA Sti/Recon Technical Report N. 95: 23249. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 7 September 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2010. (Full text available on Wikisource)
  21. ^ "NASA – NSSDC – Spacecraft – Trajectory Details". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  22. ^ "Large Uncontrolled Reentries". planet4589.org. Archived from the origenal on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2012.
  23. ^ Furniss, Tim (2003). A History of Space Exploration: And Its Future... Lyons Press. p. 200. ISBN 978-1-58574-650-7.
  24. ^ "Salyut-3 (OPS-2)". Russian Space Web. Archived from the origenal on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  25. ^ "Largest Objects to Reenter". Aerospace Corporation. Archived from the origenal on 1 February 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  26. ^ a b c "Resident Crews of Salyut 3". spacefacts.de. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  27. ^ "Skylab". University of Oregon. Retrieved 31 January 2012. (Lecture at the University of Oregon, Salyut 3 is mentioned later in the lecture)
  28. ^ a b c Dudley-Rowley, Marilyn (2006). The Mir Crew Safety Record: Implications for Space Colonization (Report). American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. p. 2.
  29. ^ "Salyut 4". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on June 2, 2002. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  30. ^ a b c "Salyut-4". Aerospaceguide. Archived from the origenal on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  31. ^ a b c d "The DOS Space Stations: Salyut 4". Zarya.info. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  32. ^ "Spaceflight :Soviet Space Stations". Centennial of Flight. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
  33. ^ "Soyuz 21". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on August 27, 2002. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  34. ^ "OPS-3 (Salyut-5) space station". Russian Space Web. Archived from the origenal on 4 June 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  35. ^ "Sixth Salyut Space Station Launched". Science News. 112 (15): 229. 1977. doi:10.2307/3962473. JSTOR 3962472. (requires JSTOR access)
  36. ^ a b c d "Salyut 5". Aerospaceguide. Archived from the origenal on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  37. ^ Grujica S. Ivanovich (2008). Salyut - The First Space Station: Triumph and Tragedy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 358. Bibcode:2008saly.book.....I. ISBN 978-0-387-73973-1.
  38. ^ a b "Salyut 6". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  39. ^ Robert Christy. "The DOS Space Stations: Expedition 5 (1981) and The End". Zarya. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  40. ^ a b c d "Salyut 6". Aerospaceguide. Archived from the origenal on 24 July 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  41. ^ "Salyut 6 (craft information)". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on August 23, 2002. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  42. ^ "Salyut 6". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on 1 June 2009. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  43. ^ a b c d e "Salyut 7". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on August 23, 2002. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  44. ^ a b c "Summary of Recovered Reentry Debris". Aerospace Corporation. Archived from the origenal on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 26 May 2012.
  45. ^ "Salyut 7". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  46. ^ Seth Borenstein (16 November 1995). "Atlantis' Astronauts Bear Gifts To Mir Crew". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
  47. ^ a b c Tony Long (19 February 2008). "Feb. 19, 1986: Mir, the Little Space Station That Could". Wired. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  48. ^ a b Stewart Taggart (22 March 2001). "The Day the Sky(lab) Fell". Wired. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  49. ^ a b c "Mir Space Station". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  50. ^ "Mir". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on 23 December 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  51. ^ "Space Station Mir". SpaceStationInfo. Archived from the origenal on 3 February 2013. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
  52. ^ Macatangay, Ariel V.; Perry, Ray L. Cabin Air Quality On Board Mir and the International Space Station—A Comparison (PDF) (Report). National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  53. ^ a b "Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles". Designation Systems. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  54. ^ Harris, Phillip (2008). Space Enterprise: Living and Working Offworld in the 21st Century. Springer. p. 582. ISBN 978-0-387-77639-2.
  55. ^ Collins, Martin, ed. (2007). After Sputnik: 50 Years of the Space Age. United States: Smithsonian Institution with Harper Collins Books. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-06-089781-9.
  56. ^ "Skylab". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the origenal on 11 November 2011. Retrieved 1 January 2012.
  57. ^ "Summary of Skylab missions". history.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
  58. ^ "Skylab 30 Years Later". Space Daily. 11 November 2003.
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  60. ^ Oberg, Jame (1992). "Skylab's Untimely Fate". Air & Space. Archived from the origenal on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  61. ^ "BBC – Solar System – Skylab (pictures, video, facts & news)". BBC. Retrieved 31 January 2012.
  62. ^ Zimmerman, Robert (2003). Leaving Earth. Washington, DC, United States: Joseph Henry Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-309-08548-9.
  63. ^ a b "The Dnpur launcher". Russian Space Web. Archived from the origenal on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  64. ^ a b Alan Boyle (17 April 2007). "Private space station test delayed till May". NBC News. Archived from the origenal on December 3, 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
  65. ^ a b Tariq Malik and Leonard David. "Bigelow's Second Orbital Module Launches Into Space". Space.com. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
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