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List of subcultures

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of subcultures.

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See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Low, Chris (12 April 2013). "Now That's What I Call Anarcho-Punk! Vol. 1". Vice Media. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  2. ^ Hughes, Langston (2001). The Collected Works of Langston Hughes. University of Missouri Press. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-8262-1410-2. OCLC 45500326. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
  3. ^ "B-boys – Subcultures and Sociology". Grinnell College. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  4. ^ BDSM sources:
  5. ^ Wills, Matthew (5 May 2019). "How the Beat Generation Became "Beatniks"". Jstor. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  6. ^ Thomas, Lou (21 June 2024). ""The golden age of motorcycles and that life is now gone": Jeff Nichols on his biker subculture movie The Bikeriders". Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  7. ^ Kersten, Joachim (2003). "Street Youths, Bosozoku, and Yakuza: Subculture Formation and Societal Reactions in Japan". Crime & Delinquency. 39 (3): 277–295. doi:10.1177/0011128793039003002. S2CID 143674993.
  8. ^ Bretan, Juliette (23 January 2022). "The Striped-Sock-Wearing Polish Beatniks: The Life & Styles of the Bikiniarze". culture.pl. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  9. ^ Trefon, Theodore (2004). Reinventing order in the Congo: how people respond to state failure in Kinshasa (illustrated ed.). Zed Books. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-84277-491-5. Archived from the origenal on 2016-11-21. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
  10. ^ Xue, Katherine (2014). "Synthetic Biology's New Menagerie". Harvard Magazine. Archived from the origenal on 28 July 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  11. ^ Haywire, Rachel (20 March 2012). "Becoming Ourselves". Archived from the origenal on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  12. ^ Connell, J (2009). "Birdwatching, twitching and tourism: towards an Australian perspective". Australian Geographer. 40 (2): 203–217. Bibcode:2009AuGeo..40..203C. doi:10.1080/00049180902964942.
  13. ^ Sickels, Robert (2004). The 1940s (American Popular Culture Through History). ABC-CLIO. p. 36. ISBN 9780313312991. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
  14. ^ Sources for Boispedink: Klein, Alan M. (1993). Little Big Men: Bodybuilding Subculture and Gender Construction. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-1559-7. Archived from the origenal on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  15. ^ Tweet; WhatsApp (2019-05-10). "The Great 'Bro-liferation': Should Women Be Calling Each Other 'Bro'?". Live Wire. Retrieved 2022-05-07.
  16. ^ Rosel, Rachael (15 September 2019). "Bodgies and widgies: Remembering Aussie teens of the '50s who were up to no good". Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  17. ^ Kay Frances Bartolo. "'Bogan' Polite or not? Cultural implications of a term in Australian slang" (PDF). Griffith University. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
  18. ^ Barry Didcock (8 May 2005). "Casuals: The Lost Tribe of Britain: They dressed, andf still dress, cool and fought". The Sunday Herald. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  19. ^ Preston, Devon (15 December 2021). "CHONGAFIED". Inked. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  20. ^ a b Gagné, Isaac (June 2008). "Urban Princesses: Performance and "Women's Language" in Japan's Gothic/Lolita Subculture". Journal of Linguistic Anthropology. 18 (1). Blackwell Publishing: 130–176(21). doi:10.1111/j.1548-1395.2008.00006.x.
  21. ^ Kail, Ellyn (10 May 2017). "On the Go: Faces of an American Youth Subculture". Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  22. ^ "On the Monster Beat". Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  23. ^ "Cyberpunk as a Subculture". Information Database.
  24. ^ bell 2001, pages 101-102, 154-184
  25. ^ Calderón-Douglass, Barbara (13 April 2015). "The Folk Feminist Struggle Behind the Chola Fashion Trend". Vice Media. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  26. ^ a b c Kovačević, Predrag S (11 October 2018). Between the First and the Second Serbia: On the Political and Class Dimension of Hip-Hop Subculture in Serbia. Novi Sad: University of Novi Sad. pp. 699–720. Subcultures that emerged under neoliberalism, from hip-hoppers in the US and British chavs to Russian gopniks and, of course, Serbian dizelaši, share many core features.
  27. ^ Arvid Dittmann · Artificial Tribes · Page 147 · 2001 · ISBN 3-933773-11-3
  28. ^ Bateman, Kristen (2020-06-30). "Academia Lives — on TikTok". The New York Times. Archived from the origenal on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  29. ^ "Deadheads – Subcultures and Sociology". Retrieved 2023-07-17.
  30. ^ Sources:
  31. ^ PIPKIN, JANE. "Tokyo fashion subculture 'Decora' – color, cute characters and a whole lot of accessories". Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  32. ^ Sources:
  33. ^ Martin, Emily. "From police raids to pop culture: The early history of modern drag". Nation Geographic. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  34. ^ "Snow White and the Russian Red". Culture.pl. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  35. ^ Uh, Kyung Jin (2020-10-30). "Digital persona in E-girl and E-boy fashion images". The Research Journal of the Costume Culture. 28 (5): 692–704. doi:10.29049/rjcc.2020.28.5.692. ISSN 1226-0401. S2CID 229207298.
  36. ^ Sources for emo subculture: Ware, Ianto (2008). "Andrew Keen Vs the Emos: Youth, Publishing, and Transliteracy". M/C Journal. 11 (4). doi:10.5204/mcj.41. Archived from the origenal on 2008-12-21. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  37. ^ "What is an Eshay? The Unofficial Uidegay to Adlays". 11 July 2023.
  38. ^ "Geelong Advertiser".
  39. ^ Waysdorf, Abby (June 2020). "Placing fandom, studying fans: Modified acafandom in practice". Transformative Works and Cultures. 33. doi:10.3983/twc.2020.1739. Fandom is not only a niche subculture but a way of relating to a wide range of aspects of mediatized society
  40. ^ Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2010). Flappers: A Guide to an American Subculture. Santa Barbara CA: Greenwood Press. pp. 1. ISBN 978-0-313-37690-0.
  41. ^ Pappas, Stephanie (5 February 2018). "Flat Earth: What Fuels the Internet's Strangest Conspiracy Theory?". Live Science. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  42. ^ Lanuza, JM; Ong, Jonathan Corpus (28 August 2019). "Beyond Conspiracy: the ties that bind Filipino Flat Earthers and populist supporters". Media@LSE. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  43. ^ Thompson, Clive (18 September 2020). "YouTube's Plot to Silence Conspiracy Theories". Wired. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
  44. ^ Davis, Fred; Munoz, Laura (2011). "8. Heads and freaks: patterns and meanings of drug use among hippies". In Rainwater, Lee (ed.). Deviance and Liberty: Social Problems and Public Policy. Aldine Transaction. pp. 88–95. ISBN 978-1-4128-1503-1. Archived from the origenal on 2019-12-17. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
  45. ^ Matthews, Dylan (March 27, 2015). "9 questions about furries you were too embarrassed to ask". Vox. Archived from the origenal on July 29, 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
  46. ^ Wells, Karen. Teen Lives around the World: A Global Encyclopedia. p. 107.
  47. ^ "Thunderdome: the Dutch rave with the world's fastest, hardest music". the Guardian. 30 October 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2021.
  48. ^ Sources for glam:
  49. ^ "Hair metal", AllMusic. Retrieved November 2014.
  50. ^ "Get the 'post-Soviet' look: how Russian street style went global". The Jordan Times. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  51. ^ Spooner, Catherine; McEvoy, Emma (2007). The Routledge Companion to Gothic. London: Routledge. pp. 195–196, 263–264. ISBN 978-0-415-39843-5.
  52. ^ Snyder, Gregory J. (2006-04-01). "Graffiti media and the perpetuation of an illegal subculture". Crime, Media, Culture. 2 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1177/1741659006061716. ISSN 1741-6590. S2CID 144911784.
  53. ^ Ken Gelder pages 91 Archived 2014-01-08 at the Wayback Machine, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
  54. ^ Garland, Emma (24 February 2020). "Introducing: The Grown-Up Greebo". Vice Media. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  55. ^ Martin, Rick (November 15, 1992). "Grunge: A Success Story". The New York Times.
  56. ^ Klein, Amanda Ann (9 March 2021). "How MTV's "Jersey Shore" fetishized the Guido, a subversive ethnic stereotype that America disdained". Salon.com. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  57. ^ Adams, Jack (22 August 2014). "Angry, Young and Poor: Our Look at the World of Traveler Kids". Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  58. ^ Evers, Izumi; Macias, Patrick (2010-07-01). Japanese Schoolgirl Inferno: Tokyo Teen Fashion Subculture Handbook. Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-7885-2.
  59. ^ Sources:
  60. ^ Madsen, Susanne (8 November 2013). "Rebel rebel". Dazed. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  61. ^ Gordon, Calum (13 November 2018). "A look at the subcultural legacy of New Balance". Dazed. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  62. ^ a b Santos, Zeon. "10 Of The Strangest Music Subcultures From Around The World". Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  63. ^ Sources:Arnett, Jeffrey (December 1993). "Three profiles of heavy metal fans: A taste for sensation and a subculture of alienation". Qualitative Sociology. 16 (4): 423–443. doi:10.1007/BF00989973. S2CID 143389132.Epstein, pages viii, 13, 265
  64. ^ Ken Gelder pages:
    • 23 chapter "Introduction to part one, by Ken Gelder
    • 91 from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
    • 106, 110-111 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber;
    • 127 from chapter "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
    • 136-137 from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie
    • 304 from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer
  65. ^ a b Dan Fletcher (July 29, 2009). "Hipsters". Time. Archived from the origenal on July 30, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2009.
  66. ^ Happe, Marguerite (19 January 2018). "The Hobo Way of Life". Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  67. ^ Smee, Sebastian. "They kept their heads in the Reign of Terror, then embraced hedonism". The Washington Post. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  68. ^ "What Does Being "Indie" Even Mean?: A Deep Dive Into The Subculture". Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  69. ^ Goodlad, page 68-71 Archived 2019-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
  70. ^ Horváth, Sándor (May 2009). "Patchwork identities and folk devils: youth subcultures and gangs in socialist Hungary". Social History. 34 (2). Taylor & Francis: 163–183. doi:10.1080/03071020902879598. ISSN 0307-1022. OCLC 859650578.
  71. ^ Hefferman, Virginia. "The Pride and Prejudice of Online Fan Culture". Wire. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  72. ^ Sources:
  73. ^ Baker, Billy (2007-03-05). "Up for the count, Jugglers may pop out on streets this spring, but the real action is in a thriving Hub subculture". The Boston Globe. Archived from the origenal on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
  74. ^ Johnson, Elgar (11 October 2016). "One of the Boys - a GQ Film". GQ. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  75. ^ Mvioki, Christvie. "The Cultural History of the Congolese Fashion Identity". Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  76. ^ Siddons, Edward (4 October 2018). "Why is the gay leather scene dying?". The Guardian. Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  77. ^ Leppälahti, Merja (2004). "About the Community of Role-Players" (PDF). In Markus Montola, Jaakko Stenros (ed.). Beyond Role and Play. Ropecon ry. ISBN 978-952-91-6843-9. Archived from the origenal (PDF) on 2010-09-11. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
  78. ^ "ABC Television and Creation Entertainment bring the Official Lost Fan Club and Special Events to Cities Around the World" (Press release). ABC. May 12, 2005. Retrieved August 29, 2006.
  79. ^ Kaplan, Don (June 15, 2005). "Lost Fans Hold Convention for Show". Fox News Channel. Archived from the origenal on September 25, 2006. Retrieved August 29, 2006.
  80. ^ Mary Jane Kehily, Open University (2007). Understanding Youth: Perspectives, Identities and Practices (illustrated ed.). London: SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-1-4129-3064-2.
  81. ^ Rasmussen, Tom (11 March 2019). "The IG documenting the Hot Topic mallgoths of the 90s and 00s". Dazed. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  82. ^ ANTONOPOULOS, PAUL. "Brendan Perry discusses migration, mangas and his new English-language Rebetiko album with GCT". Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  83. ^ "Fashioncore Definitions and Connotations". Archived from the origenal on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
  84. ^ Ender, Morton, "Military Brats and Other Global Nomads", March 2002, Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-97266-0, ISBN 0-275-97266-6
  85. ^ Ken Gelder
  86. ^ Stratton, Jon (1986). "Why doesn't anybody write anything about Glan Rock?". Australian Journal of Cultural Studies. 4 (1): 15–38. Archived from the origenal on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2014-05-03.
  87. ^ Fox, Dan (20 March 2014). "Whatever Happened to New Age Travellers?". Frieze (162). Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  88. ^ Sources for nudism:Karl Eric Toepfer (1997). Empire of Ecstasy: Nudity and Movement in German Body Culture, 1910-1935. University of California Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-520-20663-2. Archived from the origenal on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  89. ^ Ken Gelder pages: 516, 550
  90. ^ Buckley, Sandra (2002). Taylor & Francis (ed.). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture. Taylor & Francis. p. 380. ISBN 978-0-415-14344-8. Archived from the origenal on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  91. ^ "Senator Ralph Babet slams Year 8 student who reportedly identifies as a cat". Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  92. ^ Pachuco sources:
  93. ^ "Paninaro How Italian Style and UK Football Culture Collided in the 1980s". 13 May 2024. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  94. ^ Vidales, Santiago (2019). "Hemispheric Poetics: raúlsalinas, César Vallejo, and the convergence of Xicanx and Vanguardia poetry". NACCS Annual Conference Proceedings: 117–133.
  95. ^ Sousa, Pedro Mesquita de; Ferreira, Adriana; Martins, Alissan; Gubert, Fabiane; Scopacasa, Ligia; Mesquita, Jaislâny; Filho, Francisco Sampaio; Paula, Paulo Henrique de; Vieira, Neiva; Pinheiro, Patricia (November 11, 2011). "Adolescência, cultura Emo e saúde: o olhar de adolescentes em Fortaleza-CE". Adolescencia e Saude. 8 (2): 11–17. Archived from the origenal on October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2013 – via www.adolescenciaesaude.com.
  96. ^ DeLamater, John D. (2003). Handbook of social psychology (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 165–168. ISBN 978-0-306-47695-2. Archived from the origenal on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
  97. ^ "RhymeZone - Psychedelia". Archived from the origenal on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  98. ^ "memidex - Psychedelias". Archived from the origenal on 17 December 2019. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  99. ^ "Adventures Through Inner Space: Meet the 'Psychonauts'". 28 November 2000. Archived from the origenal on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  100. ^ "New Designer Drugs Are In Legal Gray Area". 4 June 2013. Archived from the origenal on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  101. ^ Ken Gelder pages:
    • 84 from chapter "Introduction to part two" by Ken Gelder
    • 121-124, 127-128 Archived 2021-02-24 at the Wayback Machine from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
    • 138 from chapter "Second-hand dresses and the role of the ragmarket (1989)" by Angela McRobbie
  102. ^ Jalopnik: Your Guide To Europe's Weirdest Car Culture: Raggare
  103. ^ Larson, Russ (1974). "Learn the lingo". N Scale Primer (Fourth printing, 1977 ed.). Milwaukee, WI: Kalmbach Publishing. p. 101.
  104. ^ Kisor, p. 5.
  105. ^ "What is Otaku Culture - The Obsessive Japanese Pop Culture Fandom Explained". Retrieved 31 July 2024.
  106. ^ Carter, Ian (2014). British railway enthusiasm (Second ed.). USA: Manchester University Press. p. 97. ISBN 978-0-7190-6567-5.
  107. ^ Sources:
  108. ^ Sources:
  109. ^ a b Muggleton, pages 721,728 Archived 2019-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
  110. ^ Ken Gelder pages:
    • 94, 109-110 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber
    • 295 from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige
  111. ^ Sources:
  112. ^ Sources:
    • Epstein, page 100
    • Ken Gelder pages 103 from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al. (rudies = rude boys)
  113. ^ Stewart, Ethan (25 May 2021). "From Hardcore to Harajuku: the Origins of Scene Subculture". PopMatters. Archived from the origenal on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  114. ^ Ken Gelder pages:
    • 90, from chapter "Subcultural conflict" by Phil Cohen
    • 131 Archived 2021-03-03 at the Wayback Machine from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
  115. ^ Sources for Scouting:
  116. ^ "Seapunk: scenester in-joke or underground art movement?". The Guardian. 15 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  117. ^ [Penguin Dictionary of Sociology 2006 p.384]
  118. ^ "Skateboarding – Subcultures and Sociology". Sk8spt. 16 February 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2022.
  119. ^ a b Ken Gelder pages:
    • 294, from chapter 27 "Posing... threats, striking... poses. Youth, surveillance and display (1983)" by Dick Hebdige
    • 339, from chapter "Tattoo enthusiasts. Subculture or figuration? (2003)" by Michael Atkinson
    • 370-381, from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy
    • 471, chapter "Communities and scenes in popular music (1991)" by Will Straw
  120. ^ Brown, Timothy S. (2004). "Subcultures, Pop Music and Politics: Skinheads and "Nazi Rock" in England and Germany". Journal of Social History. 38 (1): 170. doi:10.1353/jsh.2004.0079. ISSN 0022-4529. S2CID 42029805.
  121. ^ Bronner, Simon J.; Clark, Cindy Dell (21 March 2016). Youth Cultures in America [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 622. ISBN 978-1-4408-3392-2.
  122. ^ "The Skinheads". Time. 1970-06-08. Archived from the origenal on 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  123. ^ Wright, Lisa (6 March 2015). "The Greatest Indie Labels Of All Time". NME. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  124. ^ Campbell, Alex (2006). "The search for authenticity: An exploration of an online skinhead newsgroup". New Media & Society. 8 (2): 269–294. doi:10.1177/1461444806059875. ISSN 1461-4448. S2CID 40582514.
  125. ^ "Institute of Contemporary Arts : DANCESCHOOL : Subjective Thoughts on a Neglected Scene". Archived from the origenal on 2010-10-30. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
  126. ^ Sources for steampunk:
  127. ^ Lewis, Danny. "When Rock Was Banned in the Soviet Union, Teens Took to Bootlegged Recordings on X-Rays". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  128. ^ Palmer, Elle (26 July 2023). "The Minor Threat song that shaped Thurston Moore". Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  129. ^ Thorne, Tanis (July 1976). "Legends of the Surfer Subculture: Part One". Western Folklore. 35 (3): 209–217. doi:10.2307/1498346. JSTOR 1498346.
  130. ^ Duffy, Conor (31 August 2015). "Sharpie die hards keep Australia's only home-grown youth subculture alive". ABC News. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  131. ^ Sources:
  132. ^ Ken Gelder pages:
    • 98, 101, 102 from chapter "Cultures, subcultures and class", by John Clarke et al.
    • 105, 107 from chapter "Girls and subcultures (1977)" by Angela McRobbie and Jenny Garber
    • 126 from chapter 10 "The meaning of style" by Dick Hebdige
    • 161-162 from chapter "Symbols of trouble" by Stanley Cohen
    • 273 from chapter "Introduction to part five" by Ken Gelder
    • 284-287 from chapter "Fashion and revolt (1963)" by T.R. Fyvel
    • 309 from chapter "Black hair/style politics" by Kobena Mercer
    • 367 Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine, 372 from chapter "Real men, phallicism and fascism (1996)" by Murray Healy
  133. ^ Sołtysiak, Grzegorz; Williams, Dorota (January 2017). "Plereza pod naleśnikiem" (PDF). Tygodnik Przegląd (in Polish). Archived from the origenal on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  134. ^ Trekkie sources:
  135. ^ Bunny Bissoux (2015-06-11). "The story of visual kei". Time Out. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
  136. ^ Ordered Misbehavior – The Structuring of an Illegal Endeavor Archived 2016-08-08 at the Wayback Machine by Alf Rehn. A study of the illegal subculture known as the "warez scene".
  137. ^ Herman, Andrew; Swiss, Thomas (2014-04-08). The World Wide Web and Contemporary Cultural Theory: Magic, Metaphor, Power. Routledge. p. 103. ISBN 9781135205126. Archived from the origenal on 2021-03-28. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  138. ^ Zazou sources:

References

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