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Myristica

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Myristica
Myristica fragrans
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Magnoliales
Family: Myristicaceae
Genus: Myristica
Gronov.
Species

>150; see text

Synonyms[1]
  • Aruana Burm.f.
  • Comacum Adans.
  • Palala Rumph. ex Kuntze
  • Sebophora Neck.

Myristica is a genus of trees in the family Myristicaceae. There are over 150 species, distributed in Asia and the western Pacific as far as Vanuatu.[2][3]

The type species of the genus, and the most economically important member, is Myristica fragrans (the nutmeg tree), from which mace is also derived.

Etymology

[edit]

The name Myristica is from the Greek adjective myristikos, meaning ‘fragrant, for anointing’, referring to its early use.[4] The adjective is from the noun μύρον myron (‘perfume, ointment, anointing oil’).[5]

Description

[edit]

All or nearly all species are dioecious. Knuth (1904) however cites a report of trees being male in their sex expression when young and female later.[6] Perianth of one whorl of three largely united segments. Stamens two to thirty, partly or wholly united. The ovary is superior, consisting of a single uniovulate carpel.[7] Species in this genus use secondary pollen presentation (pollen presentation in the flower which does not use an anther), the type of which is Pollenhaufen (German for ‘pollen-heap’), where pollen is in an exposed heap at the base of the flower.

Selected species

[edit]
Main article: List of Myristica species

There are 172 accepted Myristica species as of April 2021 according to Plants of the World Online.[1] Selected species include:

Some species of Myristica have been reclassified into the genus Virola by some botanical authorities. Taxa that have been reassigned, or otherwise removed from the genus include:

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Myristica Gronov". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
  2. ^ Myristica. Flora of China.
  3. ^ Wheatley, J.I. (1992), A guide to the common trees of Vanuatu: With lists of their traditional uses and ni-Vanuatu names, Republic of Vanuatu Department of Forestry, pp. 172–4
  4. ^ Washburn, Homer Charles; Blome, Walter Henry (1936). A Text-book on Pharmacognosy. Edward Letter. p. 77. Myristica, from the Greek "myristikos," of or pertaining to ointments, so named because of its early use as a flavoring for this type of preparations.
  5. ^ Quattrocchi, Umberto (2016). CRC World Dictionary of Medicinal and Poisonous Plants. CRC Press. p. 2596. ISBN 978-1-4822-5064-0. Myristica[...] From the Greek myristikos 'fragrant, fit for anointing', myron 'a perfume, ointment, scent, sweet smelling, sweet oil', myrizo, myrizein 'to rub with ointment'
  6. ^ KNUTH, P., 1904, 1905: Handbuch der Bliitenbiologie 3(1 & 2), (ed. O. ApPEL & E. LOEw) [not translated]. - Leipzig: Engelmann.
  7. ^ Secondary Pollen Presentation. page 7. Peter Yeo 1993
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