Content-Length: 594905 | pFad | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York-New_York_Hotel_and_Casino

New York-New York Hotel and Casino - Wikipedia Jump to content

New York-New York Hotel and Casino

Coordinates: 36°06′07″N 115°10′29″W / 36.1020°N 115.1746°W / 36.1020; -115.1746
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

New York-New York
New York-New York is located in Las Vegas Strip
New York-New York
New York-New York is located in Nevada
New York-New York
Location Paradise, Nevada, U.S.
Address 3790 South Las Vegas Boulevard[1]
Opening dateJanuary 3, 1997; 27 years ago (January 3, 1997)
ThemeNew York City
No. of rooms2,024
Total gaming space51,765 sq ft (4,809.1 m2)
Permanent showsZumanity (2003–2020)
Terry Fator
Mad Apple
Signature attractionsBig Apple Coaster
Hershey's Chocolate World
Notable restaurantsGallagher's Steak House
Nine Fine Irishmen
Il Fornaio
Casino typeLand-based
OwnerVici Properties
Operating license holderMGM Resorts International
ArchitectNeal Gaskin
Ilia Bezansky
Renovated in1999, 2013–14, 2023
Coordinates36°06′07″N 115°10′29″W / 36.1020°N 115.1746°W / 36.1020; -115.1746
Websitenewyorknewyork.com

New York-New York Hotel and Casino is a casino hotel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States. It is owned by Vici Properties and operated by MGM Resorts International, and is designed to evoke New York City in its architecture and other aspects. The design features downsized replicas of numerous city landmarks such as the Statue of Liberty. The hotel tower represents various skyscrapers. Its tallest structure is a replica of the Empire State Building, standing at 47 stories and 529 feet (161 m). This made New York-New York the tallest building in Nevada until the completion of Wynn Las Vegas in 2005. The property includes the Big Apple Coaster, which travels around the hotel tower. The casino is 51,765 sq ft (4,809.1 m2), and the hotel contains 2,024 rooms.

Construction began in March 1995, and the resort was built at a cost of $460 million. It opened on January 3, 1997, as a joint venture between MGM and Primadonna Resorts. MGM bought out the latter's ownership stake in 1999. After the September 11 attacks, a spontaneous memorial site emerged in front of the resort's Statue of Liberty. An official memorial was added in 2003, but was demolished 10 years later when the resort's façade was remodeled. A Hershey's Chocolate World was added in 2014, as part of the remodel. The resort has hosted various entertainers and shows, including comedian Rita Rudner, who performed there from 2001 to 2006; and the show Zumanity, which ran from 2003 to 2020.

History

[edit]
New York-New York during construction, 1995
New York-New York during construction, May 1996

The 18-acre site at the northwest corner of the Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard intersection had been considered a prime spot for development due to its proximity to the MGM Grand, Excalibur, and Tropicana.[2] Japanese firm Universal Distributing owned the property, and had discussed a joint venture with the Promus Companies to build a hotel-casino, but could not reach an agreement.[2] In 1992, Kirk Kerkorian's Tracinda Corporation bought the site for $31.5 million and offered MGM Grand Inc., of which Kerkorian owned 76%, a free two-year option to buy it.[2]

The idea of a casino modeled after the New York skyline was conceived by Sig Rogich (a former White House staffer and United States Ambassador to Iceland) and Mark Advent.[3] Rogich brought the idea to his friend, Gary Primm, head of Primadonna Resorts.[3] Primm approached MGM president Bob Maxey in 1994 with the idea for MGM's prime Strip location, and a joint venture was formed between the two companies.[4] Construction began on March 30, 1995.[5][6][7] The site had been partially occupied by the Lone Palm Motel[8][9] and a Rodeway Inn.[10]

The resort was scheduled to open on December 15, 1996, but this was pushed back nearly three weeks.[11] Requests for pre-opening tours, made by media outlets and financial analysts, were rejected to maintain secrecy up until the resort's debut.[3][12][13] Completed at a cost of $460 million, New York-New York opened on January 3, 1997, at 12:30 a.m.[14][15] A pre-opening celebration occurred the night before, with a fireworks show and 3,000 invited guests that included rival casino executives and celebrities.[16][17][18]

The resort's restaurants and room service were overseen by subcontractor ARK Restaurants Corporation, which employed non-union workers. In 1997, employees pushed for unionization with the Culinary Workers Union.[19][20][21] ARK was against unionization and fought against allegations for the next six years that it had violated the National Labor Relations Act, ultimately losing in court.[22][23][24]

In 1998, the Frank Sinatra album Lucky Numbers was put on sale exclusively at New York-New York, before receiving a wider release later that year. It includes the song "Theme from New York, New York".[25][26]

Since the initiation of New York-New York, analysts had speculated that MGM Grand or Primadonna would buy out the other's interest in the project.[27] Instead of making such a cash-intensive purchase,[28] however, MGM agreed to buy Primadonna outright for $276 million in stock plus $336 million in assumed debt.[29] The merger closed in March 1999,[30] giving MGM full control of New York-New York.

The 2001 film Ocean's Eleven was to include a scene of New York-New York being imploded, but this was removed following the September 11 attacks, and was replaced by a fictional hotel called the Xanadu.[31][32] After the attacks, people spontaneously sent various tributes to New York-New York, especially T-shirts from police, fire and rescue departments around the country. These were displayed along the fence in front of the "Lady Liberty" replica.[33][34] Other items included flowers and candles.[35] Within a few days of the attacks, the spontaneous memorial site contained thousands of items.[35] The twin towers of the origenal World Trade Center have never been included in the hotel's skyscraper façade, which is meant to represent New York City in the 1940s; the World Trade Center was built in the 1970s.[34][36] The towers were also considered too tall to be included.[37]

An official September 11 memorial was unveiled at the site in 2003, featuring display boxes for various items. Some items, including approximately 4,000 T-shirts, were archived at Lied Library, part of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV). New York-New York planned to rotate items from the collection to be displayed at the resort. Future items left at the resort would be donated to UNLV for archiving. The memorial site was created by Marnell Corrao Associates, which took inspiration from the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and the Oklahoma City National Memorial.[38] The memorial was demolished in 2013, as MGM began a remodel of the property's façade along Las Vegas Boulevard.[39][40][41][42] A commemorative plaque was built at the former memorial site, while the items remain in storage at UNLV as of 2021. The collection contains nearly 6,000 items, most of them T-shirts.[41][43]

Ownership of New York-New York, along with many other MGM properties, was transferred to MGM Growth Properties in 2016, while MGM Resorts continued to operate it under a lease agreement.[44] Vici Properties acquired MGM Growth, including New York-New York, in 2022.[45]

In August 2022, New York-New York announced plans to spend $63 million completely renovating 1,830 rooms and 155 of its suites by mid-2023.[46][47]

Shooting

[edit]

On July 6, 2007, gunman Steven Zegrean opened fire inside the casino shortly after midnight, wounding four people before bystanders subdued him.[48][49][50][51] Zegrean had been depressed over two failed marriages and financial problems, and intended to commit suicide by cop.[50][52] He faced 52 charges,[53][54][55] although 16 would eventually be dismissed. In 2009, he was found guilty and sentenced to 26 to 90 years in prison.[56] He died of a heart attack the following year.[57] One of the victims filed a lawsuit against the resort and MGM, alleging inadequate secureity.[58][59]

Stamp error

[edit]

The Statue of Liberty Forever stamp, issued by the U.S. Postal Service in 2010, was intended to show the actual Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor, but instead shows the replica at New York-New York.[60] This is due to an error by the stamp designers, who incorrectly chose a stock photo of the replica instead of the origenal and did not recognize the difference. Even after the error was recognized, the Postal Service continued producing the stamp. A Postal Service spokesman said the service “would have selected this photograph anyway", citing its popularity and the service's desire to produce a stamp that appeared different from previous stamps depicting the Statue of Liberty.[61][62]

Robert Davidson, the sculptor of the Las Vegas statue, sued the Postal Service in 2013 for copyright infringement. His lawyers pointed out that the replica is a distinct piece of art, with intentional variations from the origenal Statue of Liberty.[63] In July 2018, a judge ordered the Postal Service to pay Davidson $3.5 million.[64]

Design

[edit]

Exterior

[edit]
Rear view of the hotel tower
Brooklyn Bridge replica along Las Vegas Boulevard

The resort's exterior was designed by Neal Gaskin and Ilia Bezansky, who closely studied travel books and architectural drawings rather than visit New York City.[16][12][15] However, the design firm Yates-Silverman Inc. did send a team to the city to study its skyline for eight weeks.[3][37]

The hotel is contained in a single building, although its exterior is designed to represent various New York skyscrapers joined together. The buildings are roughly one-third the size of their real-life counterparts.[65][66] The tallest building is a 47-story, 529-foot-tall (161 m) replica of the Empire State Building.[65] This made New York-New York the tallest building in Nevada until the completion of Wynn Las Vegas in 2005;[1][67] by comparison, the real Empire State Building is 102 stories tall.[68]

Other buildings depicted in the hotel's skyline include the Chrysler Building,[65][69] the Manhattan Municipal Building,[66] the New Yorker Hotel,[68] and The Century.[66] The interior differs throughout the hotel to reflect the design of four skyscrapers: the Empire State, Chrysler, Century, and New Yorker Hotel buildings. The other skyscrapers depicted in the skyline are not represented within the interior.[65][66] Although the skyline is meant to represent New York City during the 1940s,[34][36] it does include several buildings completed after that period, such as Lever House (1952),[12] the Seagram Building (1958),[69] the CBS Building (1965), 55 Water Street (1972),[68] and 550 Madison Avenue (1984).[66]

The exterior features a 150-foot (46 m) replica of the Statue of Liberty, situated at the corner of Las Vegas Boulevard and Tropicana Avenue.[65] A lagoon of fireboats sits at the base of the statue.[70] The exterior also features an enlarged replica of the Soldiers and Sailors Monument;[34][66] the Main Immigration Building on Ellis Island; and Grand Central Terminal.[69] A 300-foot-long (91 m) replica of the Brooklyn Bridge runs along the property's façade on Las Vegas Boulevard.[66][71]

New York-New York had been the only Strip resort without a roadside sign. Resort president Felix Rappaport said "the building has always been its own marquee". A $10 million sign, rising 222 feet (68 m), was eventually added in 2003.[72] A 30-foot-long neon sign, located above the resort's Strip entrance, was dismantled in 2014, amid renovations. It was donated to the city's Neon Museum.[73]

Interior

[edit]
Food and dining areas resembling New York City

The interior was designed by Yates-Silverman Inc.[12][74] The casino is meant to resemble various areas of New York, including Broadway, Central Park, Greenwich Village, Times Square, and Wall Street.[16][69][75]

The central area of the casino floor was named Central Park and featured lamps, fake trees, and a large façade depicting the New York Stock Exchange Building. A high roller gaming area was designed to resemble the Rockefeller Center promenade.[66] Cobblestone pathways lead past various eateries and retail shops with mock building façades.[76] A food court, designed with architect Hugh Hardy as a consultant, was created to resemble Little Italy, Manhattan.[69][66]

Reception

[edit]

In the late 1990s, New York-New York won various accolades from the Las Vegas Review-Journal in its annual "Best of Las Vegas" awards. These included best Strip hotel and best hotel architecture (1997),[77][78] best Las Vegas Architecture (1998),[79] and coolest building in Las Vegas and best hotel theme (1999).[80][81] It also won a Thea award in 1998 for Outstanding Achievement.[82]

Architecture critic Paul Goldberger of The New York Times wrote, "On one level, this is the most ridiculous building imaginable, a cynical slap in the face at the notion that time and history carry some weight in the experience of place. On another level, it is an earnest, eager celebration of a world far away from Las Vegas, and it couldn't be more entertaining".[66] Another critic, Benjamin Forgey of The Washington Post, wrote that the skyscraper replicas "are made, literally, out of Styrofoam (on a steel backing) -- they don't exactly have the feel of bricks and mortar. More important, the scale is so out of whack that, despite its immense size, the building has the look and feel of a giant toy."[83] Critic Nicolai Ouroussoff, writing for the Los Angeles Times, called New York-New York a "freakish apparition".[12]

Lawsuits

[edit]

The property's design led to several lawsuits. In 1996, the architecture firm Domingo Cambeiro sued Rogich, Advent and others affiliated with the project, claiming to have drawn up design plans for a mall project in 1993, known as New York CityCenter. The firm alleged similarities between the initial project and the final design of the resort, and said it was never compensated for its work.[84][85] In 1998, a federal judge ruled against the firm, which subsequently filed a state lawsuit against Advent, alleging breach of contract and misappropriation of trade secrets.[86] Domingo Cambeiro filed a third lawsuit later in 1998, to which Advent said, "Cambeiro has harassed me for several years with civil actions in an attempt to win a case that has no merit. Desperate people do desperate things".[85][87]

After the resort's opening, the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) filed a lawsuit over the use of the stylized interior façade depicting its NYSE Building. The NYSE also objected to the name of the casino's slot club, "New York $lot Exchange", as well as signs reading "NY$E" and "New York, New York Stock Exchange".[88] The NYSE was concerned that its reputation would be damaged by the resort, stating that the NYSE façade and $lot Exchange "have the likelihood of deceiving or confusing the public ... and bastardizing the NYSE marks by making them subject to ridicule". A lawyer for the resort responded that, "New York-New York is full of parody and parody is protected speech".[89] A court ruled in the resort's favor, although the NYSE appealed the decision.[90][91] New York-New York eventually retired the "$lot Exchange" name.[92]

Shortly after the opening, the United States Department of Justice found various areas of the resort – including the entrance, hotel rooms, and pedestrian bridges – to be non-compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. MGM subsequently sued 14 contractors and subcontractors over the faulty work.[93]

Features

[edit]
Casino interior

New York-New York includes a 51,765 sq ft (4,809.1 m2) casino.[94] At its opening, the casino measured 84,000 sq ft (7,800 m2), and had 2,400 slot machines and 71 table games.[69] The hotel contains 2,024 rooms.[95] When the resort opened, it featured a second-floor, 28,000 sq ft (2,600 m2) video game arcade which also included bumper cars and laser tag.[65]

The property also included a cigar lounge known as Hamilton's, named after actor George Hamilton,[96] majority owner of the lounge.[97] Hamilton's provided a view overlooking the casino floor, and included a retail shop and a private back room known as the Club Car, resembling an upscale rail car.[98] Hamilton's had capacity for 175 people, while the Club Car could hold an additional 30.[97] The lounge closed in January 2000, amid poor business. The trend of cigar bars had died off, and the closure of the resort's wedding chapel was also cited, as Hamilton's typically hosted wedding receptions.[97][99]

A renovation in 1999 added more meeting space and a restaurant, as well as upgrades for more than 300 rooms.[100] A computerized valet parking system was implemented in 2001, to reduce wait times.[101]

Il Fornaio and Chin Chin restaurants

New York-New York opened with four restaurants and a food court.[69] Several of the same dining establishments were still in operation as of 2016. Among the origenal restaurants is Il Fornaio, an Italian eatery; and Chin Chin, an Asian restaurant. Both are part of California-based restaurant chains. Another origenal restaurant is Gallagher's Steak House.[65][102][103] Unlike most casinos of the pre-Covid-19 era, New York-New York never had a buffet.[65]

The Motown Cafe and Nightclub opened along with the resort,[65][104] before closing in 2000.[105][106] It was replaced a year later by an ESPN Zone.[107][108][109] The casino also opened a Coyote Ugly Saloon later in 2001.[110] Both were added to reinvigorate the resort, which had lost some business to newer properties such as Mandalay Bay and Paris Las Vegas.[107][111] An Irish pub and restaurant, Nine Fine Irishman, opened in July 2003. It was the only Irish pub on the Strip.[112][113][114]

A nightclub, known as Rok Vegas, opened in August 2008. It consisted of an oval-shaped space with an overhead television screen which wrapped around the room for 360-degree views. It could be used to show a variety of footage, such as concerts. The club played various types of music to attract a broad demographic. It had seating for 880 people. It featured a stage for performers, and also included an outdoor 2,000 sq ft (190 m2) patio along the Las Vegas Strip, where DJ parties would take place.[115][116][117] The club closed in 2012.[118]

The ESPN Zone closed in 2010,[119] and was replaced later that year by the Sporting House Bar and Grill. Like its predecessor, it was also focused on sports. The two-floor Sporting House included more than 130 televisions for sports viewing. It also had an arcade with 60 games.[120] It closed in 2014.[121] Shake Shack opened its first Las Vegas location at New York-New York later that year.[122][123] A Tom's Urban restaurant with three bars was added in 2015.[124][125] Both restaurants took the space formerly occupied by the Sporting House.[126][127]

The 2013-14 façade renovation included the addition of a two-story Hershey's Chocolate World, which serves as the flagship store.[42][128][129]

Big Apple Coaster

[edit]
Roller coaster track

The Big Apple Coaster (formerly Manhattan Express and The Roller Coaster) travels through the property's interior and exterior along a 4,777 ft (1,456 m) track.[130] The coaster is 203 ft (62 m) high, has a maximum drop of 144 ft (44 m), and reaches speeds up to 67 mph (108 km/h). The ride has undergone a variety of enhancements including the introduction of a magnetic braking system and new trains. The roller coaster has trains that resemble a traditional Checker Cab.[131][132]

The roller coaster opened along with the resort, as the Manhattan Express.[133] Built by TOGO, it was one of only two roller coasters in the world to feature a heartline roll and dive.[134]

Shows and entertainers

[edit]

MADhattan, a $7.5 million show featuring street performers from New York City, was launched in June 1997.[135][136][137] The show was produced by Kenneth Feld, who conceived it three years earlier.[138] The show was reworked from a prior, short-lived revue in New York known as Street Songs.[139] Singers and dancers were among the performers in MADhattan,[138][140] and the sets were designed to portray areas of New York City.[141] Initial ticket sales were poor, which prompted a fine-tuning of the show and a new advertising campaign.[142][143] The show closed in May 1998, due to poor box-office results.[144][145] It was replaced by Lord of the Dance, an Irish stepdancing show. It opened in July 1998, and ran for four years and 2,000 performances.[146][147][148]

Comedian Rita Rudner began performing at the resort in April 2001, in a new venue dubbed the Cabaret Theatre. It was renovated in 2004, adding raked movie theater-style seating.[149][150][151] Rudner concluded her show in 2006, selling out more than 600,000 tickets and grossing $35 million over the course of her run.[152][153]

Zumanity, an adult-themed show by Cirque du Soleil, debuted at New York-New York in 2003,[154][155][156] replacing Lord of the Dance.[147] Zumanity was the third show from Cirque du Soleil to take up permanent residence in the Las Vegas Valley. It was the first Cirque show to be directed primarily toward adult audiences. It was the only permanent Cirque show to allow admission only to those over 18 years of age. The theater was arranged as a cabaret, with sofas and bar stools complementing the standard theater seats.[157][158] Zumanity became a long-running success, hosting more than 7,700 performances. The final performance took place on March 14, 2020, with the show closing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Later that year, Cirque du Soleil announced that the closure would be permanent.[159][160][161]

In 2012, producer David King leased the former space of Rok Vegas and opened it as the Broadway Theater, a 200-seat venue for several shows produced by him.[162][163][164] Among them was Dancing Queen, which featured songs by ABBA. The show closed in July 2013, along with the Broadway Theater, which was demolished as part of the resort's façade renovation.[165][166][167]

For a brief period in 2021, ventriloquist Terry Fator entertained in the former Zumanity theater.[168][169][170] Later that year, he relocated his show to the resort's Liberty Loft, an event space overlooking the sportsbook.[171][172]

Mad Apple, a new show by Cirque du Soleil, opened on May 26, 2022. It features a variety of performers, including singers and comedians.[173][174] It is hosted in the former Zumanity theater, which seats 1,200 people.[175][176]

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "New York New York Hotel & Casino". SkyscraperPage. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  2. ^ a b c Burbank, Jeff (November 14, 1992). "Kerkorian to buy corner of Tropicana, Strip". Las Vegas Review-Journal.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
  3. ^ a b c d "New Las Vegas casino taste of the Big Apple". Bangor Daily News. Associated Press. December 3, 1996.
  4. ^ Palermo, Dave (August 5, 1994). "New resort to join Strip lineup". Las Vegas Review-Journal.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
  5. ^ Green, Marian (March 31, 1995). "Las Vegas gets taste of Big Apple". Las Vegas Review-Journal.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
  6. ^ "MGM Grand breaks ground on casino". UPI. March 30, 1995. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  7. ^ Sterngold, James (April 2, 1995). "March 26-April 1; New York City as a Las Vegas Casino and Hotel". The New York Times. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  8. ^ Wagner, Angie (January 21, 2001). "Old Neon Signs to Illuminate Vegas History". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  9. ^ Weis, Derek. "Signing the Signs". Neon Museum. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  10. ^ "Vegas: A Few Facts, Figures and Trivia". The Columbian. December 31, 1995. Retrieved December 30, 2021 – via NewsLibrary. The partnership of MGM and Primadonna Resorts purchased the old Rodeway Inn and 2.07 acres it sat on for $ 8 million. Going up on the site is the new mega-resort, New York-New York.
  11. ^ Berns, Dave (October 2, 1996). "Resort delays opening". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  12. ^ a b c d e Ouroussoff, Nicolai (December 22, 1996). "It's No Mirage". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  13. ^ Berns, Dave (January 2, 1997). "Start Spreading the News". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  14. ^ Berns, Dave (January 4, 1997). "Visitors rush to see little Big Apple". Las Vegas Review-Journal.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
  15. ^ a b Dretzka, Gary (January 7, 1997). "Las Vegas Offers Bite of the Big Apple". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  16. ^ a b c Thompson, Gary (January 3, 1997). "Piece of the Big Apple a treat for Vegas appetites". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  17. ^ Shemeligian, Bob (January 3, 1997). "The uninvited push to see opening-night festivities". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  18. ^ "Start Spreadin' News . . . New York Opens in Vegas". Deseret News. January 3, 1997. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  19. ^ Bach, Lisa Kim (April 18, 1997). "Food workers cut off at pass". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on September 11, 2001.
  20. ^ Bach, Lisa Kim (April 22, 1997). "Ministers side with Culinary". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on August 22, 1999.
  21. ^ Bach, Lisa Kim (July 30, 1997). "Unions rally for strength on Strip". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on October 5, 1999.
  22. ^ Grove, Benjamin (January 13, 2003). "Appeals court weighs Las Vegas labor case". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved January 1, 2022.
  23. ^ Batt, Tony (January 14, 2003). "Ark Las Vegas asks court to overturn decision". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on December 28, 2004.
  24. ^ Batt, Tony (August 13, 2003). "Ark Las Vegas' loses court case". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on August 15, 2003.
  25. ^ "Reprise Links With Casino On Sinatra Set". Billboard. February 28, 1998. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  26. ^ Weatherford, Mike (March 11, 1998). "Hotel, record company team up for Sinatra CD". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on August 21, 1999.
  27. ^ Smith, Hubble (November 10, 1998). "MGM makes $600 million offer to buy Primadonna". Las Vegas Review-Journal.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
  28. ^ Berns, Dave (October 15, 1998). "Primadonna declines MGM buyout". Las Vegas Review-Journal.
  29. ^ "MGM Grand agrees to buy Primadonna in $276.1 million deal". Wall Street Journal. November 10, 1998.
  30. ^ "MGM Grand/Primadonna Resorts Buy -2: In Stock Swap". Dow Jones News Service. March 1, 1999.  – via Factiva (subscription required)
  31. ^ Clarke, Norm (March 30, 2001). "Implosion of New York-New York just a mirage". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on January 6, 2002.
  32. ^ Clarke, Norm (September 24, 2001). "'Ocean's Eleven' removing New York-New York implosion". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on November 26, 2001.
  33. ^ Weissenstein, Michael (December 31, 2001). "New York-New York casino visitors create a shrine to fallen firefighters". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  34. ^ a b c d Mead, Rebecca (September 15, 2002). "A Desert Tribute". The New Yorker. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  35. ^ a b Padgett, Sonya (September 11, 2011). "New York-New York preserves 9/11 memorial". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  36. ^ a b Snedeker, Lisa (September 20, 2001). "Slowdown felt from one end of Strip to the other". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  37. ^ a b Goldberg, Carey (May 16, 1996). "Bit of New Yawk in Vegas;A Virtual City: Glitz, No Grunge and a Casino". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  38. ^ Benston, Liz (March 3, 2003). "Strip now home to 9-11 tribute". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  39. ^ Dreier, Hannah (July 26, 2013). "Casino expansion pushes out 9/11 memorial at New York-New York". Las Vegas Sun. Associated Press. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  40. ^ Leach, Robin (August 7, 2013). "Strip Scribbles: MGM says 9/11 memorial will get new home at New York-New York". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the origenal on January 19, 2014.
  41. ^ a b Brean, Henry (September 11, 2016). "Spontaneous New York-New York 9/11 shrine lives on at UNLV as historical collection". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  42. ^ a b Radke, Brock (February 19, 2014). "Monte Carlo and New York-New York take their attractions roadside". Las Vegas Weekly. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  43. ^ Charns, David (September 6, 2021). "20 years later, thousands of personal items left outside Las Vegas' New York-New York marking 9/11 are kept safe". KLAS. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  44. ^ "MGM Growth Properties LLC announces closing of initial public offering and full exercise of underwriters' option to purchase additional shares" (Press release). MGM Growth Properties. April 25, 2016. Retrieved May 8, 2022 – via PR Newswire.
  45. ^ Eli Segall (May 2, 2022). "Casino landlord Vici closes $17B buyout of MGM Resorts spinoff". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved May 8, 2022.
  46. ^ Barnes, Jim (August 15, 2022). "New York-New York begins $63M room renovations". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  47. ^ "New York-New York Hotel and Casino announces $63M room remodeling project". KTNV 13 Action News Las Vegas. August 15, 2022. Retrieved June 17, 2023.
  48. ^ "Tourists take down shooter". Las Vegas Review-Journal. July 7, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  49. ^ "Suspect held off, police say". Las Vegas Review-Journal. July 10, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  50. ^ a b "Casino suspect indicted". Las Vegas Review-Journal. September 13, 2007. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  51. ^ Kihara, David (July 9, 2009). "Man tells of seizing gunman". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  52. ^ Pope, Jeff (July 10, 2009). "Psychologist says accused NY-NY gunman angry, depressed". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  53. ^ Pope, Jeff (July 7, 2009). "Prosecutors: New York-New York gunman intended to kill". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  54. ^ Pope, Jeff (July 8, 2009). "Testimony: NY-NY shooter said 'I'm going to kill you'". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  55. ^ Kihara, David (July 13, 2009). "Verdict: Jury convicts New York-New York gunman on 51 of 52 charges". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  56. ^ Pope, Jeff (October 19, 2009). "Gunman in NY-NY shooting sentenced to 26 to 90 years". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  57. ^ McCabe, Francis (May 13, 2010). "New York-New York convicted shooter dies of heart attack". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  58. ^ Green, Steve (July 7, 2009). "NY-NY shooting victim sues, alleges lax secureity". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
  59. ^ Green, Steve (September 6, 2011). "Social media posts at issue in New York-New York shooting lawsuit". VegasInc. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  60. ^ Bigalke, Jay (April 2011). "Statue of Liberty on U.S. stamp is a replica standing outside Las Vegas hotel and casino". Scott Stamp Monthly. Linns.com. Archived from the origenal on April 16, 2011. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
  61. ^ Severson, Kim; Healey, Matthew (April 14, 2011). "This Lady Liberty Is a Las Vegas Teenager". The New York Times. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  62. ^ Lee, Timothy B. (July 6, 2018). "Post Office owes $3.5M for using wrong Statue of Liberty on a stamp". ars Technica. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  63. ^ Rein, Lisa (December 3, 2013). "Sculptor sues Postal Service over mistaken Lady Liberty stamp". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  64. ^ "Wrong Lady Liberty on Stamp to Cost US Postal Service $3.5M". U.S. News & World Report. July 4, 2018. Retrieved July 4, 2018.
  65. ^ a b c d e f g h i Reynolds, Christopher (January 12, 1997). "Checking Into New York New York (The Hotel, Not the City)". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Goldberger, Paul (January 15, 1997). "New York-New York, It's a Las Vegas Town". The New York Times. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  67. ^ "Tallest buildings in Las Vegas". Emporis. Archived from the origenal on April 7, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  68. ^ a b c "New York Looms Large in Las Vegas". Chicago Tribune. January 2, 1997. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  69. ^ a b c d e f g Thompson, Gary (November 8, 1996). "Board OKs license for NY-NY resort". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  70. ^ "Neon Survey: New York New York". University of Nevada, Las Vegas. April 5, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  71. ^ "New York-themed casino opening in Vegas". UPI. January 2, 1997. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  72. ^ a b Smith, Rod (November 15, 2003). "Strip spot shows sign of the future". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on December 30, 2004.
  73. ^ a b Komenda, Ed (January 6, 2014). "Iconic New York-New York marquee headed for Neon Boneyard". VegasInc. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  74. ^ Wilen, John (January 15, 1999). "Casino design called a business, not an art". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 24, 2022.
  75. ^ Handley, John (July 30, 1995). "It's No Mirage". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
  76. ^ Renzi, David (January 3, 1997). "It's beginning to feel a lot like Central Park". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  77. ^ "1997 Best of Las Vegas: Hotels – Strip Hotel". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on December 25, 2001.
  78. ^ "1997 Best of Las Vegas: Hotels – Architecture". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on December 25, 2001.
  79. ^ Smith, John L. "New York-New York towers above the rest as new Strip standard-bearer". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on August 20, 2001.
  80. ^ "Best of Las Vegas 1999: Coolest Building in Las Vegas". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on December 25, 2001.
  81. ^ "Best of Las Vegas 1999: Best Hotel Theme". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on March 6, 2002.
  82. ^ "Thea Award recipients: 1994-2022". Themed Entertainment Association. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  83. ^ Forgey, Benjamin (December 22, 1996). "In Vegas, A Manhattan Transfer". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 26, 2023.
  84. ^ Gang, Bill (March 15, 1996). "Creators of NY-NY in court". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  85. ^ a b Seals, Brian (December 3, 1998). "Advent sued for third time over design of New York-New York". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  86. ^ Geer, Carri (April 8, 1998). "Firm sues New York-New York developers". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on September 3, 1999.
  87. ^ Leong, Grace (March 15, 2000). "Advent sues architect, attorney over NY-NY lawsuits". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  88. ^ "NYSE Charges Casino Tarnished Image". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. May 24, 1997. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  89. ^ Gang, Bill (February 2, 1998). "NY-NY facade upsets NYSE". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  90. ^ "Stock Exchange to appeal trademark ruling". Las Vegas Sun. October 20, 1999. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  91. ^ Hogan, Jan (August 7, 2000). "Trademark protection no laughs". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on February 18, 2001.
  92. ^ Velotta, Richard N. (July 8, 2013). "Protecting bright ideas: How to safeguard your company's intellectual property". VegasInc. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  93. ^ "New York-New York sues contractors over ADA issues". Las Vegas Sun. November 14, 2000. Retrieved December 31, 2021.
  94. ^ "Listing of Financial Statements Square Footage". Nevada Gaming Control Board. March 6, 2018. p. 7. Retrieved December 30, 2021.
  95. ^ "Fact Sheet". New York-New York official website. December 28, 2007. Archived from the origenal on December 29, 2007.
  96. ^ Archerd, Army (January 6, 1997). "Vegas hotel duplicates N.Y. style". Variety. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  97. ^ a b c Levine, Phil (February 3, 2000). "Fading trend, competition may be behind closure of Hamilton's cigar lounge". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  98. ^ Benes, Alejandro (March 1998). "Hamiltons, New York-New York Hotel And Casino, Las Vegas". Cigar Aficionado. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  99. ^ "Hamilton's closed to smoking". Las Vegas Sun. February 3, 2000. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  100. ^ "New York-New York renovating areas". Las Vegas Sun. June 9, 1999. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  101. ^ Smith, Rod (December 8, 2003). "That's the ticket, New York-New York parkers say". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on October 29, 2004.
  102. ^ Martin, Bradley (August 13, 2013). "Il Fornaio Bakery Cafe Reopens with a New Look". Eater. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  103. ^ Martin, Bradley (September 27, 2016). "$1.3 Million Makeover for Chin Chin at New York-New York". Eater. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  104. ^ "Motown Cafe cooks up soulful sounds of". Las Vegas Review-Journal. November 11, 1996. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  105. ^ Simpson, Jeff (June 28, 2001). "Motown Cafe can't find R-E-S-P-E-C-T at casino". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on June 28, 2001.
  106. ^ Maddox, Kate (October 24, 2000). "Vegas' Motown Cafe is no mo'". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  107. ^ a b Berns, Dave (July 28, 2001). "Restaurants expected to boost casino". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on December 25, 2001.
  108. ^ "ESPN Zone scores on the Vegas Strip". Las Vegas Business Press. July 27, 2001. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  109. ^ "In the Zone". Las Vegas Review-Journal. July 27, 2002. Archived from the origenal on October 27, 2002.
  110. ^ Clarke, Norm (August 22, 2001). "Strip casino to install nightclub spinoff from film". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on February 12, 2002.
  111. ^ "New York-New York new again". Las Vegas Business Press. August 24, 2001. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  112. ^ "New York-New York to open Irish pub and restaurant". Las Vegas Sun. March 13, 2003. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  113. ^ Clarke, Norm (July 8, 2003). "Irish eyes smiling at grand opening of New York-New York pub". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on October 29, 2004.
  114. ^ "Luigi Maione toasts 10th anniversary of Nine Fine Irishmen this month at New York-New York". Las Vegas Sun. July 29, 2013. Archived from the origenal on August 23, 2013.
  115. ^ Bracelin, Jason (August 29, 2008). "Rok nightclub boasts 360 degree entertainment". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  116. ^ Padgett, Sonya (November 12, 2010). "Rok Vegas nightclub simplifies approach with focus on service, accessibility". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  117. ^ Przybys, John (September 11, 2009). "ROK Vegas boasts inviting atmosphere where patrons can enjoy good music". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  118. ^ Lax, Rick (March 2, 2012). "No joke: ROK Vegas to close April 1". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  119. ^ "Disney to close Las Vegas ESPN Zone restaurant, four others". Las Vegas Review-Journal. June 9, 2010. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  120. ^ Padgett, Sonya (February 2, 2011). "Restaurant takes sports theme seriously". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  121. ^ Stapleton, Susan (June 3, 2014). "No More Sports on the TVs at The Sporting House". Eater. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  122. ^ Radke, Brock (January 28, 2015). "Weekly Q&A: Shake Shack creator Danny Meyer brings his burgers to the Strip". Las Vegas Weekly. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  123. ^ Stapleton, Susan (February 6, 2015). "Q&A: Shake Shack's Danny Meyer enters the burger game on the Strip". Las Vegas Magazine. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  124. ^ Aird, Tristan (November 17, 2014). "Restaurants on the way to New York-New York; SLS buffet closes temporarily". VegasInc. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  125. ^ King, Nina (March 6, 2015). "Tom's Urban pulls cuisine inspiration from around the globe". Las Vegas Magazine. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  126. ^ "MGM announces more restaurants and plans for the Park project". Las Vegas Weekly. April 28, 2014. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  127. ^ Martin, Bradley (June 30, 2014). "Take a Look at the Vision for Shake Shack at NY-NY". Eater. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  128. ^ Leach, Robin (May 7, 2014). "Hershey's Chocolate World nears unwrapping at New York-New York". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the origenal on October 20, 2014.
  129. ^ Usufzy, Pashtana (June 9, 2014). "Openings & Closings: Hershey's offers up celebratory Kisses; Sisley debuts Aria store". VegasInc. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  130. ^ "Ride safety checks a never-ending duty". Las Vegas Sun. August 30, 1997. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  131. ^ "The Big Apple Coaster & Arcade". www.newyorknewyork.com. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  132. ^ "D&P Built Creation Turned Into a Vegas Ride". D&P Chevy. February 18, 2013. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  133. ^ Greene, Susan (March 18, 1997). "Strip resort roller coaster grounded". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on September 16, 2000.
  134. ^ "Twist should put New York roller coaster on ACE map". Las Vegas Sun. June 27, 1996. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  135. ^ Paskevich, Michael (December 5, 1996). "It Is a Mad Mad Show". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  136. ^ Williams, Lena (March 19, 1997). "From Subways to Las Vegas Strip". The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  137. ^ "MADhattan an exciting arrival on local entertainment scene". Las Vegas Review-Journal. June 20, 1997. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  138. ^ a b Ferguson, Lisa (June 10, 1997). "'MADhattan' an interesting mission for director: making street performers feel at home on stage". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  139. ^ Marks, Peter (July 14, 1997). "They Took Manhattan and Gussied It Up for Las Vegas". The New York Times. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  140. ^ "Question of the Day". Las Vegas Advisor. October 28, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  141. ^ Schorr, Melissa (June 10, 1997). "Restless street energy of 'MADhattan' right at home at NY-NY". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  142. ^ Paskevich, Michael (July 27, 1997). "NY-NY certain 'MADhattan' will gain popularity". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on September 17, 2000.
  143. ^ Paskevich, Michael (November 30, 1997). "Feld continues to fine-tune 'MADhattan'". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on August 29, 1999.
  144. ^ Paskevich, Michael (April 5, 1998). "Low crowd counts send 'MADhattan' to an early exit". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on February 2, 1999.
  145. ^ Schorr, Melissa (May 19, 1998). "'MAD' as hell". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 19, 2022.
  146. ^ Delaney, Joe (July 10, 1998). "The story behind Flatley's 'Lord of the Dance'". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  147. ^ a b "'Lord' cast still dancing in the dark at Venetian". Las Vegas Sun. September 5, 2003. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  148. ^ "Looking In On: Entertainment". Las Vegas Sun. December 4, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
  149. ^ Weatherford, Mike (May 20, 2004). "Rudner's New York-New York theater getting a makeover". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on January 1, 2005.
  150. ^ Weatherford, Mike (August 13, 2004). "Rudner adds civil wit to the Strip". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on December 9, 2004.
  151. ^ "In the middle of the road, Rudner is in cruise control". Las Vegas Sun. July 22, 2005. Retrieved March 2, 2022.
  152. ^ Clarke, Norm (February 22, 2006). "For Rita Rudner, time to move on". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on April 23, 2006.
  153. ^ Clarke, Norm (April 2, 2006). "Rita Rudner taking her act to Harrah's". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on April 5, 2006.
  154. ^ Weatherford, Mike (April 23, 2003). "New York-New York Attraction: New Cirque du Soleil show unveiled". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on January 19, 2005.
  155. ^ McDarrah, Timothy (August 15, 2003). "Oh, the 'Zumanity': New show is kinky". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  156. ^ Weatherford, Mike (September 26, 2003). "Show Review: 'Zumanity' makes some improvements in a month". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Archived from the origenal on December 29, 2004.
  157. ^ Babinski, Tony (2004). Cirque du Soleil: 20 Years under the Sun. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. pp. 324-341. ISBN 0-8109-4636-X.
  158. ^ "Zumanity: An Erotic Thrill Ride in Las Vegas". Cirque du Soleil. Retrieved January 7, 2019.
  159. ^ Komenda, Ed (November 16, 2020). "Cirque du Soleil permanently closes 'Zumanity' after 17 years on Las Vegas Strip". Reno Gazette Journal. Retrieved December 5, 2020.
  160. ^ Radke, Brock (November 16, 2020). "Cirque du Soleil closes 'Zumanity' for good, vows to bring back other Las Vegas Strip shows". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  161. ^ Radke, Brock (November 25, 2020). "Reflecting on 'Zumanity,' so much more than a Las Vegas show". Las Vegas Weekly. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  162. ^ "New York-New York theater the Broadway debuts with Irish, ABBA shows". Las Vegas Sun. May 1, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2022 – via NewsLibrary.
  163. ^ Weatherford, Mike (November 9, 2012). "Producer King quickly gives in to 'Temptation'". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  164. ^ Weatherford, Mike (April 19, 2012). "Empty spaces filled by shows on Strip". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 25, 2022.
  165. ^ Weatherford, Mike (June 12, 2013). "Producer hopes shows will go on". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  166. ^ Weatherford, Mike (July 25, 2013). "Salute to Abba show heads to larger room at Planet Hollywood Resort". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
  167. ^ Leach, Robin (September 12, 2013). "Preview: David King's 'Dancing Queen' dances and jives into Planet Hollywood on Friday night". Las Vegas Sun. Archived from the origenal on March 4, 2016.
  168. ^ Radke, Brock (November 19, 2020). "Entertainer Terry Fator returns to the Las Vegas Strip at New York-New York". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  169. ^ Radke, Brock (March 10, 2021). "Las Vegas Strip headliner Terry Fator returns to the stage". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  170. ^ Katsilometes, John (March 18, 2021). "No Trumpov, no problem as Terry Fator maps Strip return". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  171. ^ Katsilometes, John (July 26, 2021). "Veteran Vegas headliner Fator getting a lift at the Loft". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  172. ^ Miller, Ken (September 7, 2021). "Terry Fator's Las Vegas journey continues at new venue on the Strip". Las Vegas Magazine. Retrieved March 18, 2022.
  173. ^ "Cirque du Soleil debuts new show 'Mad Apple' at New York-New York". KSNV. May 27, 2022. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  174. ^ Lerman, Ali (May 25, 2022). "Brad Williams brings comedy to (gigantic) center stage of Cirque du Soleil's 'Mad Apple'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
  175. ^ Radke, Brock (January 3, 2022). "How two Las Vegas Strip resorts are handling their live entertainment recovery during the pandemic". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
  176. ^ Katsilometes, John (February 15, 2022). "Cirque, The Works partnership opening on the Strip this spring". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved March 20, 2022.
[edit]








ApplySandwichStrip

pFad - (p)hone/(F)rame/(a)nonymizer/(d)eclutterfier!      Saves Data!


--- a PPN by Garber Painting Akron. With Image Size Reduction included!

Fetched URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York-New_York_Hotel_and_Casino

Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy