Robert Wald
Robert M. Wald | |
|---|---|
 Wald in 2012 | |
| Born | June 29, 1947 (age 77) |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Alma mater | Columbia University (A.B. 1968) Princeton University (PhD 1972) |
| Known for | General Relativity (1984) Wald's formula for black-hole entropy |
| Father | Abraham Wald |
| Awards | Member of the National Academy of Sciences(2001) Einstein Prize (APS) (2017) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Gravitational physics |
| Institutions | University of Maryland, College Park University of Chicago |
| Thesis | Nonspherical gravitational collapse and black hole uniqueness (1972) |
| Doctoral advisor | John Archibald Wheeler |
Robert M. Wald (/wɔːld/; born June 29, 1947 in New York City) is an American theoretical physicist and professor at the University of Chicago. He studies general relativity, black holes, and quantum gravity and has written textbooks on these subjects.
Life and education
[edit]He is the son of the mathematician and statistician Abraham Wald and great-grandson of the chief rabbi Moshe Shmuel Glasner. Wald's parents died in a plane crash when he was three years old.[1] He earned his Bachelor's degree from Columbia University in 1968 and his PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1972,[2] under the supervision of John Archibald Wheeler. His doctoral dissertation was titled Nonspherical Gravitational Collapse and Black Hole Uniqueness.[3]
Career and contributions
[edit]Between 1972 and 1974, Robert Wald worked as a research associate in physics at the University of Maryland.[3] He then moved to the University of Chicago, spending two years as a postdoctoral fellow before joining the faculty in 1976.[4] He wanted to move to Chicago in order to work with Robert Geroch and other specialists in gravitation.[5]
In 1977, Wald published a popular-science book titled Space, Time, and Gravity: The Theory of the Big Bang and Black Holes explaining Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, and its implications in cosmology and astrophysics. The book also gives a survey of what was then ongoing research on gravitational collapse and black holes. This book grew out of a series of lectures Wald gave as part of the Compton Lectures at the University of Chicago in the spring of 1976.[6] The Compton Lectures, given every Spring and Fall quarter, are intended to explain notable advances in the physical sciences to members of the general public.[7]
He published the textbook General Relativity in 1984. Aimed at beginning graduate students, it covers spinors, the variational principles, the initial-value formulation, (exact) gravitational waves, singularities, Penrose diagrams, Hawking radiation, and black-hole thermodynamics.[8]
Wald has taught first-year graduate courses covering a broad range of topics, including classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and electromagnetism. He has also taught courses on general relativity, his specialty, at both introductory and advanced levels. A particularly effective teacher, he received the Graduate Teaching Award from the University of Chicago in 1997.[9]
Wald investigates black holes and their thermodynamics, and gravitational radiation-reaction (or self-force).[4] Due to quantum-mechanical processes, black holes emit particles and therefore have a definite temperature and entropy.[10] Wald has published over 100 research papers on general relativity and quantum field theory in curved spacetime, many of which have been cited by hundreds of subsequent papers.[11] In 1993, he described the Wald entropy of a black hole, which is dependent simply on the area of the event horizon of the black hole.[12]
He organized The Symposium on Black Holes and Relativistic Stars in 1996, in honor of the late Nobel Prize-winning theoretical astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Distinguished speakers of this event included Stephen Hawking, Roger Penrose and Martin Rees. Although the event charged an entrance fee of $100, Wald made sure all University of Chicago students were admitted free of charge.[9] Chandrasekhar founded a research group on general relativity at the University of Chicago, which includes Wald, James Hartle and Robert Geroch.[13] Although Wald and Chandrasekhar never collaborated on any particular research projects, the two developed warm relations.[5]
He became a fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) in 1996 and a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2001.[3] He received the Einstein Prize from the APS Division of Gravitational Physics in 2017 for "the discovery of the general formula for black hole entropy, and for developing a rigorous formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetime."[4]
Wald delivered a public lecture at the University of Alabama in October 27, 2015, titled "The Formulation of General Relativity," celebrating the centennial of Einstein's theory.[14] Wald is a member of the LIGO group at the University of Chicago, headed by astrophysicist Daniel Holz. The Laser Interferometry Gravitational-wave Observatory detected gravitational waves for the first time in 2015, one century after Einstein predicted their existence.[15]
Books
[edit]- Wald, Robert M. (1992) [1977]. Space, Time, and Gravity: The Theory of the Big Bang and Black Holes (2nd ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87029-4.
- Wald, Robert M. (1984). General Relativity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87033-2.
- Wald, Robert M. (1994). Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime and Black Hole Thermodynamics. Chicago Lectures in Physics. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87027-8.
- Wald, Robert M., ed. (1998). Black Holes and Relativistic Stars. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87035-9.
- Wald, Robert M. (2022). Advanced Classical Electromagnetism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-22039-0.
See also
[edit]
- List of contributors to general relativity
- List of books on general relativity
- Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
References
[edit]- ^ Morgenstern, Oskar (1951). "Abraham Wald, 1902–1950". Econometrica. 19 (4). Econometrica, Vol. 19, No. 4: 361–367. doi:10.2307/1907462. JSTOR 1907462.
- ^ "Alumni Sons and Daughters | Columbia College Today". Columbia College Today. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
- ^ a b c "Robert M. Wald". American Institute of Physics. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
- ^ a b c "2017 Einstein Prize Recipient". Division of Gravitational Physics, American Physical Society (APS). Retrieved July 18, 2019.
- ^ a b Wali, Kameshwar C., ed. (1997). "13. Some Memories of Chandra - Robert M. Wald". S. Chandrasekhar - The Man Behind the Legend. Singapore: Imperial College Press. pp. 80–85. ISBN 1-86094-038-2.
- ^ Moché, Dinah L. (May 1978). "Review of Space, Time, and Gravity by Robert M. Wald". Physics Teacher. 16 (5): 332. doi:10.1119/1.2339970.
- ^ "Arthur H. Compton Lectures". Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
- ^ A Guide to Relativity Books. John C. Baez et al. University of California, Riverside. September 1998. Accessed January 18, 2019.
- ^ a b Steele, Diana (June 12, 1997). "Graduate Teaching Award: Robert Wald". University of Chicago Chronicle. 16 (9). Retrieved May 20, 2013.
- ^ "Robert M. Wald". Member Directory. National Academy of Sciences. 2001. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
- ^ "Robert M. Wald". INSPIRE - HEP. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
- ^ Wald, Robert M. (1993). "Black Hole Entropy is Noether Charge". Physical Review D. 48 (8): R3427–R3431. arXiv:gr-qc/9307038. Bibcode:1993PhRvD..48.3427W. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.48.R3427. PMID 10016675. S2CID 18398147.
- ^ Witten, Thomas (April 2018). "Our History. Chapter One: 1893 to 1986". Department of Physics, University of Chicago. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
- ^ "GR 100: Celebrating the Centennial of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity". Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
- ^ "LIGO detects colliding black holes for third time". UChicago News. July 1, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2019.
External links
[edit]- Robert M. Wald faculty page at the University of Chicago
- Robert Wald research articles cited by INSPIRE-HEP
- Robert Wald research articles cited by arXiv
- Some properties of Noether charge and a proposal for dynamical black hole entropy, Vivek Iyer and Robert M. Wald, Phys. Rev., D 50 (1994) 846-864 (sample research paper; cited over 250 times)
- Robert Wald at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- Recorded Lectures Given by Robert Wald. Perimeter Institute.
- Silver Screen - PSD faculty members discuss Hollywood's portrayal of science and scientists. The University of Chicago Magazine. Summer 2015.
- The Formulation of General Relativity. Robert Wald. Physics Public Talk. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama. October 27, 2015.
- 1947 births
- Living people
- American relativity theorists
- University of Chicago faculty
- Fellows of the American Physical Society
- Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
- 21st-century American physicists
- American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
- Jewish American physicists
- 21st-century American Jews
- Columbia College (New York) alumni
- Princeton University alumni
- Quantum gravity physicists