Segerseni
| Segerseni | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Sekherseni | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Drawing of an inscription depicting Segerseni's titulary. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pharaoh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | early 20th century BCE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Dynasty | king of Nubia, concurrent with 11th–12th Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Segerseni was an ancient Egyptian or Nubian chieftain of Nubia, likely reigning concurrently with the end of the 11th and beginning of the 12th Dynasty during the early Middle Kingdom.
Attestation
[edit]Segerseni is attested by one[3] or two[4][5] rock inscriptions discovered in Umbarakab (Khor-Dehmit) in Lower Nubia. Segerseni's throne name as given on the inscriptions remains in doubt as it was roughly carved and became badly weathered over time. It could be Menkhkare or Wadjkare. The former is now regarded as more probable.[3] One of Segerseni's inscriptions possibly records a war in the unidentified region of Persenbet.[5]
Segerseni is not attested on any of the Egyptian king lists.[3]
Biography
[edit]Even though Segerseni adopted the titles of an Egyptian pharaoh, there is no evidence of him outside of Nubia.[3] He was thus most likely a pretender to the Egyptian or Nubian throne headquartered in Lower Nubia, during a politically troubled period: either at the beginning of the First Intermediate Period,[3] during the Second Intermediate Period,[5] or in the time span including the reign of Mentuhotep IV of the 11th Dynasty and the early reign of Amenemhat I of the 12th Dynasty.[1][3][6] The latter possibility is seen as more probable by Egyptologists.[3] In particular, these two rulers seem to have had problems in being universally recognized as legitimate pharaohs.
It is known that Amenemhat I dispatched Khnumhotep I, the faithful Great Chief of the Oryx nome (the 16th nome of Upper Egypt) at Elephantine to Nubia in order to wipe out the last resistance against him there,[7] but it is not known with certainty who was the leader of this resistance. It remains conjectural to posit that it was Segerseni. Furthermore, two other rulers based in Nubia, Iyibkhentre and Qakare Ini are known, likely from the same time period. They were both likely pretenders to the Egyptian throne, and the relationships between them and Segerseni are unknown. If Segerseni was indeed Amenemhat I's foe, he could have been fighting on Mentuhotep IV's side or for his own Nubian realm. Indeed, Nubia had gained its independence during the First Intermediate Period, as indicated by the military campaigns of Mentuhotep II in the region, only 40 years prior to Segerseni's conjectured lifetime.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Jürgen von Beckerath, Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen, Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/ Berlin 1984, ISBN 3-422-00832-2, pp. 64, 196.
- ^ Arthur Weigall, A Report on the Antiquities of Lower Nubia. Cairo 1907, pl. 19.
- ^ a b c d e f g Darrell D. Baker: The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I - Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC, Stacey International, ISBN 978-1-905299-37-9, 2008, p. 357
- ^ T. Save-Soderbergh: Agypten und Nubien, Lund: Hakan Ohlsson 1941, 43 f
- ^ a b c Török, László (2008). Between Two Worlds: The Frontier Region Between Ancient Nubia and Egypt 3700 BC - 500 AD. Brill. pp. 101, 102. ISBN 978-90-04-17197-8.
- ^ Wolfram Grajetzki, The Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt: history, archaeology and society. London, Duckworth Egyptology, 2006, pp. 27-28.
- ^ Nicolas Grimal, A History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford, Blackwell Books, 1992, p. 158–60.
- ^ Gae Callender, in: Ian Shaw (edit.), Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, p. 140.
Further reading
[edit]- Henri Gauthier, "Nouvelles remarques sur la XIe dynastie", BIFAO 9 (1911), pp. 99–136.
- Thomas Schneider, Lexikon der Pharaonen. Albatros, Düsseldorf 2002, ISBN 3-491-96053-3, p. 259.