चरति
Pali
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Verb
[edit]चरति (root car, first conjugation)
- Devanagari script form of carati (“to walk”)
Conjugation
[edit]Active | Middle | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
Present | ||||
1st | चरामि (carāmi) | चराम (carāma) | चरे (care) | चराम्हे (carāmhe) |
2nd | चरसि (carasi) | चरथ (caratha) | चरसे (carase) | चरव्हे (caravhe) |
3rd | चरति (carati) | चरन्ति (caranti) | चरते (carate) | चरन्ते (carante) or चररे (carare) |
Imperative | ||||
1st | चरामि (carāmi) | चराम (carāma) | चरे (care) | चरामसे (carāmase) |
2nd | चर (cara) or चराहि (carāhi) | चरथ (caratha) | चरस्सु (carassu) | चरव्हो (caravho) |
3rd | चरतु (caratu) | चरन्तु (carantu) | चरतं (carataṃ) | चरन्तं (carantaṃ) |
Optative | ||||
1st | चरेय्यामि (careyyāmi) or चरेय्यं (careyyaṃ) or चरे (care) | चरेय्याम (careyyāma) | चरेय्यं (careyyaṃ) | चरेय्याम्हे (careyyāmhe) |
2nd | चरेय्यासि (careyyāsi) or चरे (care) | चरेय्याथ (careyyātha) | चरेथो (caretho) | चरेय्यव्हो (careyyavho) |
3rd | चरेय्य (careyya) or चरे (care) | चरेय्युं (careyyuṃ) | चरेथ (caretha) | चरेरं (careraṃ) |
- Present active participle: चरन्त् (carant), which see for forms and usage
- Present middle participle: चरमान (caramāna), which see for forms and usage
Adjective
[edit]चरति (carati)
- Devanagari script form of carati, which is masculine and neuter locative singular of चरन्त् (carant), present participle of the verb above
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]- চৰতি (Assamese script)
- ᬘᬭᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
- চরতি (Bengali script)
- 𑰓𑰨𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀘𑀭𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
- စရတိ (Burmese script)
- ચરતિ (Gujarati script)
- ਚਰਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌚𑌰𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
- ꦕꦫꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
- 𑂒𑂩𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
- ಚರತಿ (Kannada script)
- ចរតិ (Khmer script)
- ຈຣຕິ (Lao script)
- ചരതി (Malayalam script)
- ᢜᠠᡵᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘓𑘨𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
- ᢋᠠᠷᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦳𑧈𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐔𑐬𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
- ଚରତି (Odia script)
- ꢗꢬꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆖𑆫𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
- 𑖓𑖨𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
- චරති (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩡𑩼𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚏𑚤𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
- சரதி (Tamil script)
- చరతి (Telugu script)
- จรติ (Thai script)
- ཙ་ར་ཏི (Tibetan script)
- 𑒔𑒩𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨣𑨫𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *čálHati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čálHati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷél-e-ti, from *kʷel- (“to move; to turn (around)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλω (pélō), Latin colō, Avestan 𐬗𐬀𐬭𐬁𐬥𐬍 (carānī, “I move, approach”), Old English hwēol (whence English wheel). See also चलति (cálati).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]चरति • (cárati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root चर्)
- to move oneself, go, walk, move, stir, roam about, wander (said of men, animals, water, ships, stars, etc.)
- to spread, be diffused (as fire)
- to move or travel through, pervade, go along, follow
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.2:
- इन्द्र॑स्य दू॒तीरि॑षि॒ता च॑रामि म॒ह इ॒च्छन्ती॑ पणयो नि॒धीन्व॑:।
अ॒ति॒ष्कदो॑ भि॒यसा॒ तन्न॑ आव॒त्तथा॑ र॒साया॑ अतरं॒ पयां॑सि॥- índrasya dūtī́riṣitā́ carāmi mahá icchántī paṇayo nidhī́nva:.
atiṣkádo bhiyásā tánna āvattáthā rasā́yā ataraṃ páyāṃsi. - I come appointed messenger of Indra, seeking your ample stores of wealth, O Paṇis.
This hath preserved me from the fear of crossing: thus have I made my way o' er Rasa's waters.
- índrasya dūtī́riṣitā́ carāmi mahá icchántī paṇayo nidhī́nva:.
- इन्द्र॑स्य दू॒तीरि॑षि॒ता च॑रामि म॒ह इ॒च्छन्ती॑ पणयो नि॒धीन्व॑:।
- to behave, conduct oneself, act, live, treat (with instrumental or locative)
- to be engaged in, occupied or busy with
- to have intercourse with, have to do with (+instrumental)
- to continue performing or being
- (astronomy) to be in any asterism or conjunction
- to undertake, set about, under go, observe, practise, do or act in general, effect, make
- to consume, eat (with accusative), graze
- to make or render (with double accusative)
- (causative) to cause to move or walk about
- (causative) to pasture
- (causative) to send, direct, turn, move
- (causative) to cause any one (in accusative) to walk through (+accusative)
- (causative) to drive away from (+ ablative)
- (causative) to cause any one (in accusative) to practise or perform (with accusative)
- (causative) to cause (any animal, +accusative) to eat
- (causative) to cause to copulate
- (causative) to ascertain (as through a spy instr.)
- (causative) to doubt
- (desiderative) to try to go
- (desiderative) to wish to act or conduct oneself
- (desiderative) to try to have intercourse with
- (intensive) to move quickly or repeatedly, walk about, roam about (in locative)
- (intensive) to act wantonly or coquettishly
Conjugation
[edit]Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.
Nonfinite Forms: चरितुम् (cáritum) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Undeclinable | |||
Infinitive | चरितुम् cáritum | ||
Gerund | चरित्वा caritvā́ | ||
Participles | |||
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive | चर्य / चरितव्य / चरणीय cárya / caritavya / caraṇīya | ||
Feminine Gerundive | चर्या / चरितव्या / चरणीया cáryā / caritavyā / caraṇīyā | ||
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle | चरित caritá | ||
Feminine Past Passive Participle | चरिता caritā́ | ||
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle | चरितवत् caritávat | ||
Feminine Past Active Participle | चरितवती caritávatī |
Present: चरति (cárati), चरते (cárate) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | चरति cárati |
चरतः cárataḥ |
चरन्ति cáranti |
चरते cárate |
चरेते cárete |
चरन्ते cárante | |
Second | चरसि cárasi |
चरथः cárathaḥ |
चरथ cáratha |
चरसे cárase |
चरेथे cárethe |
चरध्वे cáradhve | |
First | चरामि cárāmi |
चरावः cárāvaḥ |
चरामः / चरामसि¹ cárāmaḥ / cárāmasi¹ |
चरे cáre |
चरावहे cárāvahe |
चरामहे cárāmahe | |
Imperative | |||||||
Third | चरतु cáratu |
चरताम् cáratām |
चरन्तु cárantu |
चरताम् cáratām |
चरेताम् cáretām |
चरन्ताम् cárantām | |
Second | चर cára |
चरतम् cáratam |
चरत cárata |
चरस्व cárasva |
चरेथाम् cárethām |
चरध्वम् cáradhvam | |
First | चराणि cárāṇi |
चराव cárāva |
चराम cárāma |
चरै cárai |
चरावहै cárāvahai |
चरामहै cárāmahai | |
Optative/Potential | |||||||
Third | चरेत् cáret |
चरेताम् cáretām |
चरेयुः cáreyuḥ |
चरेत cáreta |
चरेयाताम् cáreyātām |
चरेरन् cáreran | |
Second | चरेः cáreḥ |
चरेतम् cáretam |
चरेत cáreta |
चरेथाः cárethāḥ |
चरेयाथाम् cáreyāthām |
चरेध्वम् cáredhvam | |
First | चरेयम् cáreyam |
चरेव cáreva |
चरेम cárema |
चरेय cáreya |
चरेवहि cárevahi |
चरेमहि cáremahi | |
Subjunctive | |||||||
Third | चरात् / चराति cárāt / cárāti |
चरातः cárātaḥ |
चरान् cárān |
चराते / चरातै cárāte / cárātai |
चरैते cáraite |
चरन्त / चरान्तै cáranta / cárāntai | |
Second | चराः / चरासि cárāḥ / cárāsi |
चराथः cárāthaḥ |
चराथ cárātha |
चरासे / चरासै cárāse / cárāsai |
चरैथे cáraithe |
चराध्वै cárādhvai | |
First | चराणि cárāṇi |
चराव cárāva |
चराम cárāma |
चरै cárai |
चरावहै cárāvahai |
चरामहै cárāmahai | |
Participles | |||||||
चरत् cárat |
चरमाण cáramāṇa | ||||||
Notes |
|
Imperfect: अचरत् (ácarat), अचरत (ácarata) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अचरत् ácarat |
अचरताम् ácaratām |
अचरन् ácaran |
अचरत ácarata |
अचरेताम् ácaretām |
अचरन्त ácaranta |
Second | अचरः ácaraḥ |
अचरतम् ácaratam |
अचरत ácarata |
अचरथाः ácarathāḥ |
अचरेथाम् ácarethām |
अचरध्वम् ácaradhvam |
First | अचरम् ácaram |
अचराव ácarāva |
अचराम ácarāma |
अचरे ácare |
अचरावहि ácarāvahi |
अचरामहि ácarāmahi |
Future: चरिष्यति (cariṣyáti), चरिष्यते (cariṣyáte) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | चरिष्यति cariṣyáti |
चरिष्यतः cariṣyátaḥ |
चरिष्यन्ति cariṣyánti |
चरिष्यते cariṣyáte |
चरिष्येते cariṣyéte |
चरिष्यन्ते cariṣyánte | |
Second | चरिष्यसि cariṣyási |
चरिष्यथः cariṣyáthaḥ |
चरिष्यथ cariṣyátha |
चरिष्यसे cariṣyáse |
चरिष्येथे cariṣyéthe |
चरिष्यध्वे cariṣyádhve | |
First | चरिष्यामि cariṣyā́mi |
चरिष्यावः cariṣyā́vaḥ |
चरिष्यामः / चरिष्यामसि¹ cariṣyā́maḥ / cariṣyā́masi¹ |
चरिष्ये cariṣyé |
चरिष्यावहे cariṣyā́vahe |
चरिष्यामहे cariṣyā́mahe | |
Participles | |||||||
चरिष्यत् cariṣyát |
चरिष्यमाण cariṣyámāṇa | ||||||
Notes |
|
Conditional: अचरिष्यत् (ácariṣyat), अचरिष्यत (ácariṣyata) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | |||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Indicative | ||||||
Third | अचरिष्यत् ácariṣyat |
अचरिष्यताम् ácariṣyatām |
अचरिष्यन् ácariṣyan |
अचरिष्यत ácariṣyata |
अचरिष्येताम् ácariṣyetām |
अचरिष्यन्त ácariṣyanta |
Second | अचरिष्यः ácariṣyaḥ |
अचरिष्यतम् ácariṣyatam |
अचरिष्यत ácariṣyata |
अचरिष्यथाः ácariṣyathāḥ |
अचरिष्येथाम् ácariṣyethām |
अचरिष्यध्वम् ácariṣyadhvam |
First | अचरिष्यम् ácariṣyam |
अचरिष्याव ácariṣyāva |
अचरिष्याम ácariṣyāma |
अचरिष्ये ácariṣye |
अचरिष्यावहि ácariṣyāvahi |
अचरिष्यामहि ácariṣyāmahi |
Aorist: अचारीत् (ácārīt), अचारिष्ट (ácāriṣṭa) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | अचारीत् ácārīt |
अचारिष्टाम् ácāriṣṭām |
अचारिषुः ácāriṣuḥ |
अचारिष्ट ácāriṣṭa |
अचारिषाताम् ácāriṣātām |
अचारिषत ácāriṣata | |
Second | अचारीः ácārīḥ |
अचारिष्टम् ácāriṣṭam |
अचारिष्ट ácāriṣṭa |
अचारिष्ठाः ácāriṣṭhāḥ |
अचारिषाथाम् ácāriṣāthām |
अचारिढ्वम् ácāriḍhvam | |
First | अचारिषम् ácāriṣam |
अचारिष्व ácāriṣva |
अचारिष्म ácāriṣma |
अचारिषि ácāriṣi |
अचारिष्वहि ácāriṣvahi |
अचारिष्महि ácāriṣmahi | |
Injunctive | |||||||
Third | चारीत् cā́rīt |
चारिष्टाम् cā́riṣṭām |
चारिषुः cā́riṣuḥ |
चारिष्ट cā́riṣṭa |
चारिषाताम् cā́riṣātām |
चारिषत cā́riṣata | |
Second | चारीः cā́rīḥ |
चारिष्टम् cā́riṣṭam |
चारिष्ट cā́riṣṭa |
चारिष्ठाः cā́riṣṭhāḥ |
चारिषाथाम् cā́riṣāthām |
चारिढ्वम् cā́riḍhvam | |
First | चारिषम् cā́riṣam |
चारिष्व cā́riṣva |
चारिष्म cā́riṣma |
चारिषि cā́riṣi |
चारिष्वहि cā́riṣvahi |
चारिष्महि cā́riṣmahi | |
Subjunctive | |||||||
Third | चारिषत् / चारिषति cā́riṣat / cā́riṣati |
चारिषतः cā́riṣataḥ |
चारिषन् cā́riṣan |
चारिषते / चारिषातै cā́riṣate / cā́riṣātai |
चारिषैते cā́riṣaite |
चारिषन्त cā́riṣanta | |
Second | चारिषः / चारिषसि cā́riṣaḥ / cā́riṣasi |
चारिषथः cā́riṣathaḥ |
चारिषथ cā́riṣatha |
चारिषसे / चारिषासै cā́riṣase / cā́riṣāsai |
चारिषैथे cā́riṣaithe |
चारिषध्वे / चारिषाध्वै cā́riṣadhve / cā́riṣādhvai | |
First | चारिषाणि cā́riṣāṇi |
चारिषाव cā́riṣāva |
चारिषाम cā́riṣāma |
चारिषै cā́riṣai |
चारिषावहे cā́riṣāvahe |
चारिषामहे / चारिषामहै cā́riṣāmahe / cā́riṣāmahai | |
Notes |
|
Benedictive/Precative: चर्यात् (caryā́t) or चर्याः (caryā́ḥ), - | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Optative/Potential | |||||||
Third | चर्यात् / चर्याः¹ caryā́t / caryā́ḥ¹ |
चर्यास्ताम् caryā́stām |
चर्यासुः caryā́suḥ |
- | - | - | |
Second | चर्याः caryā́ḥ |
चर्यास्तम् caryā́stam |
चर्यास्त caryā́sta |
- | - | - | |
First | चर्यासम् caryā́sam |
चर्यास्व caryā́sva |
चर्यास्म caryā́sma |
- | - | - | |
Notes |
|
Perfect: चचार (cacā́ra), चेरे (ceré) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Mediopassive | ||||||
Singular | Dual | Plural | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||
Indicative | |||||||
Third | चचार cacā́ra |
चेरतुः cerátuḥ |
चेरुः cerúḥ |
चेरे ceré |
चेराते cerā́te |
चेरिरे ceriré | |
Second | चचर्थ / चचरिथ cacártha / cacáritha |
चेरथुः ceráthuḥ |
चेर cerá |
चेरिषे ceriṣé |
चेराथे cerā́the |
चेरिध्वे ceridhvé | |
First | चचर / चचार¹ cacára / cacā́ra¹ |
चेरिव cerivá |
चेरिम cerimá |
चेरे ceré |
चेरिवहे ceriváhe |
चेरिमहे cerimáhe | |
Participles | |||||||
चेरिवांस् cerivā́ṃs |
चेराण cerāṇá | ||||||
Notes |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- आचरति (ācarati)
Descendants
[edit]- Pali: carati
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “चरति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 389.
- Pali terms belonging to the root car
- Pali lemmas
- Pali verbs
- Pali verbs in Devanagari script
- Pali first conjugation verbs
- Pali non-lemma forms
- Pali adjective forms
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kʷel-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit verbs
- Sanskrit class 1 verbs
- Sanskrit parasmaipada verbs
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root चर्
- Sanskrit verbs in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- sa:Astronomy
- Sanskrit verbs with nonfinite forms
- Sanskrit verbs with s-future
- Sanskrit verbs with iṣ-aorist