姑
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]姑 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女十口 (VJR), four-corner 44460, composition ⿰女古)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 258, character 32
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6174
- Dae Jaweon: page 524, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1035, character 4
- Unihan data for U+59D1
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 姑 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 姑 |
Glyph origen
[edit]Historical forms of the character 姑 | |||
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Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
箇 | *kaːls |
個 | *kaːls |
居 | *kɯ, *kas |
橭 | *kaː, *kʰaː |
嫴 | *kaː |
姑 | *kaː |
辜 | *kaː |
酤 | *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ |
蛄 | *kaː |
鴣 | *kaː |
沽 | *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs |
盬 | *kaː, *kaːʔ |
古 | *kaːʔ |
罟 | *kaːʔ |
估 | *kaːʔ |
鈷 | *kaːʔ |
詁 | *kaːʔ |
牯 | *kaːʔ |
故 | *kaːs |
固 | *kaːs |
稒 | *kaːɡs |
痼 | *kaːɡs |
錮 | *kaːɡs |
鯝 | *kaːɡs |
棝 | *kaːɡs |
凅 | *kaːɡs |
枯 | *kʰaː |
軲 | *kʰaː |
跍 | *kʰaː |
骷 | *kʰaː |
苦 | *kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs |
葫 | *qʰaː, *ɡaː |
餬 | *ɡaː |
瑚 | *ɡaː |
湖 | *ɡaː |
鶘 | *ɡaː |
猢 | *ɡaː |
醐 | *ɡaː |
糊 | *ɡaː |
箶 | *ɡaː |
蝴 | *ɡaː |
胡 | *ɡaː |
瓳 | *ɡaː |
怙 | *ɡaːʔ |
祜 | *ɡaːʔ |
岵 | *ɡaːʔ |
婟 | *ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs |
楛 | *ɡaːʔ |
据 | *ka |
裾 | *ka |
琚 | *ka |
椐 | *ka, *kas, *kʰa |
鶋 | *ka |
蜛 | *ka |
崌 | *ka |
涺 | *ka |
腒 | *ka, *ɡa |
鋸 | *kas |
倨 | *kas |
踞 | *kas |
涸 | *ɡaːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaː) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) – a type of woman (aunt, mother-in-law).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gu1
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ku
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gu
- Wade–Giles: ku1
- Yale: gū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gu
- Palladius: гу (gu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gu1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gu
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gu1
- Yale: gū
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu1
- Guangdong Romanization: gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kû
- Hakka Romanization System: guˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gu1
- Sinological IPA: /ku²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘
- Tâi-lô: koo
- Phofsit Daibuun: kof
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /kɔ³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gou1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kou
- Sinological IPA (key): /kou³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: ku
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kaː/
Definitions
[edit]姑
- father's sister
- 姪其從姑 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Zhí qí cóng gū [Pinyin]
- The (paternal) nephew follows his (paternal) aunt
侄其从姑 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- husband's sister
- 新婦初來時,小姑始扶床;今日被驅遣,小姑如我長。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 〈孔雀東南飛〉 "The Peacock Flies Southeast" in 《樂府詩集》 "Collected songs of the Music Bureau style" by 郭茂倩 Guo Maoqian.
- Xīnfù chūlái shí, xiǎogū shǐ fú chuáng; jīnrì bèi qūqiǎn, xiǎogū rú wǒ cháng. [Pinyin]
- When I was a newcome bride, my husband's little sister just began to lean on the bed. Today when I'm banished, my husband's little sister is as tall as I.
新妇初来时,小姑始扶床;今日被驱遣,小姑如我长。 [MSC, simp.]
- husband's mother
- woman
- nun
- mole cricket
- tentatively
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 七姑店 (Qīgūdiàn)
- 三姑六婆 (sāngūliùpó)
- 仙姑 (xiāngū)
- 何仙姑
- 伴姑
- 伴姑兒 / 伴姑儿
- 僕姑 / 仆姑
- 僕射姑 / 仆射姑
- 公姑
- 列姑射
- 卦姑 (guàgū)
- 固姑
- 堂分姑娘
- 外姑
- 大姑 (dàgū)
- 大姑娘 (dàgūniang)
- 大姑子
- 姑丈 (gūzhàng)
- 姑丈人
- 姑且 (gūqiě)
- 姑公
- 姑夫
- 姑太太
- 姑奶奶 (gūnǎinai)
- 姑妄聽之 / 姑妄听之
- 姑妄言之
- 姑姑
- 姑姊
- 姑姥姥 (gūlǎolao)
- 姑娘
- 姑娘兒 / 姑娘儿 (gūniangr)
- 姑娘家
- 姑娘氣 / 姑娘气
- 姑婆 (gūpó)
- 姑婆芋 (gūpóyù)
- 姑婿
- 姑嫂 (gūsǎo)
- 姑媽 / 姑妈 (gūmā)
- 姑媳
- 姑嫜 (gūzhāng)
- 姑子 (gūzi)
- 姑家
- 姑射
- 姑射神人
- 姑息 (gūxī)
- 姑息政策
- 姑息養奸
- 姑惡 / 姑恶
- 姑母 (gūmǔ)
- 姑洗 (gūxiǎn)
- 姑父
- 姑爹 (gūdiē)
- 姑爺 / 姑爷
- 姑爺爺 / 姑爷爷 (gūyéye)
- 姑老爺 / 姑老爷
- 姑舅
- 姑舅作親 / 姑舅作亲
- 姑蘇 / 姑苏 (Gūsū)
- 姑表 (gūbiǎo)
- 婦姑 / 妇姑
- 婦姑勃谿 / 妇姑勃谿
- 嫜姑
- 小姑 (xiǎogū)
- 小姑娘 (xiǎogūniang)
- 小姑子 (xiǎogūzi)
- 小姑獨處 / 小姑独处
- 尼姑 (nígū)
- 尼姑庵 (nígū'ān)
- 師姑 / 师姑
- 慈姑 (cígū)
- 摩姑 (mógu)
- 新姑爺 / 新姑爷
- 月姑
- 村姑 (cūngū)
- 火金姑
- 灰姑娘 (Huīgūniang)
- 皇姑 (huánggū)
- 皇姑屯
- 秀姑巒溪 / 秀姑峦溪
- 箕姑
- 紅姑娘 / 红姑娘 (hónggūniang)
- 紫姑
- 翁姑 (wēnggū)
- 老姑娘 (lǎogūniang)
- 胖姑
- 胡姑姑
- 舅姑
- 花姑
- 菜姑 (chhài-ko͘) (Min Nan)
- 藐姑射
- 藍姑草 / 蓝姑草
- 虎姑婆
- 豆姑娘
- 迎紫姑
- 道姑 (dàogū)
- 金僕姑 / 金仆姑
- 阿姑 (āgū)
- 雪姑
- 魯義姑 / 鲁义姑
- 麻姑 (Mágū)
- 麻姑山
- 麻姑搔癢 / 麻姑搔痒
- 麻姑獻壽 / 麻姑献寿
- 黃姑 / 黄姑
References
[edit]- “姑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
姑 |
しひとめ Hyōgai |
irregular |
/sihi1to2me1/: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome]. Compound of 舅 (shihito, “in law”) and 女 (me, “woman”). See next entry.
Noun
[edit]- a mother-in-law
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
姑 |
しゅうとめ Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
From shihitome: [shipitwome] → [shiɸitwome] → [shiɸitome] → [shiɸutome] → [shiwutome] → [shiutome] → [shuːtome].
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]姑 • (shūtome) ←しうとめ (siutome)?
- a mother-in-law
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
姑 |
しゅうと Hyōgai |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- a mother-in-law
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- hanja form? of 고 (“mother-in-law”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]姑: Hán Việt readings: cô[1][2][3][4][5][6]
姑: Nôm readings: cô[1][2][3], co[1][2], go[7], o[7], cua[1]
- chữ Hán form of cô (“paternal aunt, young lady”).
- Nôm form of o (“dialectal form of cô”).
References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- zh:Family
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading く
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading こ
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading しゅうと
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しばら・く
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- ja:Female family members
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