水銀
Chinese
[edit]water; river | silver; money | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (水銀) | 水 | 銀 | |
simp. (水银) | 水 | 银 | |
anagram | 銀水/银水 |
Etymology
[edit]Compare the etymologies of Latin hydrargyrus, English quicksilver.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): sui3 yin2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фийин (fiyin, II-I)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seoi2 ngan4
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): sui2 ngan3
- Gan (Wiktionary): sui3 nyin
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): súi-ngiùn
- Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̄-ngṳ̀ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5sy-gnin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄧㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shuěiyín
- Wade–Giles: shui3-yin2
- Yale: shwěi-yín
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shoeiyn
- Palladius: шуйинь (šujinʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ in³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: sui3 yin2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suijn
- Sinological IPA (key): /suei⁵³ in²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фийин (fiyin, II-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fi⁵¹ iŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: seoi2 ngan4
- Yale: séui ngàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: soey2 ngan4
- Guangdong Romanization: sêu2 ngen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɵy̯³⁵ ŋɐn²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: sui2 ngan3
- Sinological IPA (key): /sui⁵⁵ ᵑɡan²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: sui3 nyin
- Sinological IPA (key): /sui²¹³⁻²¹ n̠ʲin¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: súi-ngiùn
- Hakka Romanization System: suiˋ ngiunˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sui3 ngiun2
- Sinological IPA: /su̯i³¹ ŋi̯un¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̄-ngṳ̀ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sy³³⁻²¹ ŋyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chúi-gîn
- Tâi-lô: tsuí-gîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: zuy'giin
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡin¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡin²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chúi-gûn
- Tâi-lô: tsuí-gûn
- Phofsit Daibuun: zuy'guun
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡun²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡun²⁴/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zui2 ngeng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsúi ngṳ̂ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sui⁵²⁻³⁵ ŋɯŋ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: sywijX ngin
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.turʔ ŋrə[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qʰʷljilʔ ŋrɯn/
Noun
[edit]水銀
- mercury; quicksilver
- 始皇初即位,穿治酈山,及并天下,天下徒送詣七十餘萬人,穿三泉,下銅而致槨,宮觀百官奇器珍怪徙臧滿之。令匠作機弩矢,有所穿近者輒射之。以水銀為百川江河大海,機相灌輸,上具天文,下具地理。以人魚膏為燭,度不滅者久之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Shǐhuáng chū jíwèi, chuān zhì Lìshān, jí bìng tiānxià, tiānxià tú sòngyì qī shí yú wàn rén, chuān sān quán, xià tóng ér zhì guǒ, gōngguān bǎiguān qíqì zhēnguài xǐ zāng mǎn zhī. Lìng jiàng zuò jīnǔ shǐ, yǒu suǒ chuān jìn zhě zhé shè zhī. Yǐ shuǐyín wèi bǎichuān jiānghé dàhǎi, jī xiàng guànshū, shàng jù tiānwén, xià jù dìlǐ. Yǐ rényúgāo wèi zhú, dù bù miè zhě jiǔ zhī. [Pinyin]
- When the First Emperor ascended the throne, the digging and preparation at Mount Li began. After he unified his empire, he sent 700,000 people to work. They dug down deep to underground springs, pouring copper to place the outer casing of the coffin. Palaces and viewing towers housing a hundred officials were built and filled with treasures and rare artefacts. Workmen were instructed to make automatic crossbows primed to shoot at intruders. Mercury was used to create a hundred rivers and the ocean, and set to flow mechanically. Above, the heaven is depicted, below, the geographical features of the land. Candles were made of "mermaid"'s fat whose light would not extinguish for a long time.
始皇初即位,穿治郦山,及并天下,天下徒送诣七十余万人,穿三泉,下铜而致椁,宫观百官奇器珍怪徙臧满之。令匠作机弩矢,有所穿近者辄射之。以水银为百川江河大海,机相灌输,上具天文,下具地理。以人鱼膏为烛,度不灭者久之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (poetic) moon
- (poetic) glob; drop of water
Synonyms
[edit]- (mercury):
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Chemical element | |
---|---|
Hg | |
Previous: 金 (kin) (Au) | |
Next: タリウム (tariumu) (Tl) |
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
水 | 銀 |
すい Grade: 1 |
ぎん Grade: 3 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese compound 水銀 (MC sywijX ngin, literally “water (i.e. liquid) silver”). Compare modern Mandarin 水銀/水银 (shuǐyín).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 水銀汚染 (suigin osen): mercury pollution, mercury contamination
- 水銀温度計 (suigin ondokei): a mercury thermometer
- 水銀気圧計 (suigin kiatsukei): a mercury barometer
- 水銀拡散ポンプ (suigin kakusen ponpu): a mercury diffusion pump
- 水銀寒暖計 (suigin kandankei): a mercury thermometer
- 水銀孤灯 (suigin kotō): a mercury arc lamp
- 水銀硬膏 (suigin kōkō): a hard mercury-based ointment or plaster
- 水銀剤 (suiginzai): a mercurial (drug), a mercury-based fungicide
- 水銀整流器 (suigin seiryūki): (electronics) a mercury-arc valve
- 水銀晴雨計 (suigin seiukei): a mercury barometer
- 水銀中毒 (suigin chūdoku): mercury poisoning
- 水銀柱 (suiginchū): mercury in a thermometer, as a metaphor for the temperature
- 水銀電池 (suigin denchi): a mercury battery
- 水銀灯 (suigin tō): a mercury lamp, a mercury-vapor lamp
- 水銀軟膏 (suigin nankō): a soft mercury-based ointment or plaster
- 水銀農薬 (suigin nōyaku): a mercury-based agrichemical
- 水銀粉 (haraya): a kind of white face powder made from mercury, used in ancient times
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
水 | 銀 |
みず Grade: 1 |
かね Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
汞 𫒎 |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]水銀 • (mizukane) ←みづかね (midukane)?
- mercury
- c. 918, 深根輔仁 [Fukane Sukehito], 本草和名 [Japanese Names of Herbs, Honzō Wamyō]:
- 水銀 一名汞 汞粉 陶景注云、焼時、釜上、灰名汞粉[...]丹砂之精也 和名美都加祢 出伊勢国
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
水 | 銀 |
みず Grade: 1 |
かね > がね Grade: 3 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
汞 𫒎 |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 水 (mizu, “water”) + 銀 (kane, “metal, silver”). The kane changes to gane as an instance of rendaku (連濁). Appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō Japanese dictionary of 938 CE as mizukane, suggesting that the shift to rendaku is more recent.[1][2]
Obsolete in modern Japanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]水銀 • (mizugane) ←みづがね (midugane)?
Usage notes
[edit]The mizugane reading is largely obsolete in modern Japanese; suigin is the standard reading.
Derived terms
[edit]- 水銀の滓 (mizugane no kasu): a kind of white face powder made from mercury, used in ancient times
References
[edit]- Fukane no Sukehito (c. 901–923) Maruyama Yumiko, Wu Qian, editors, Honzō Wamyō: Eiin, Honkoku to Kenkyū) (in Japanese), Kyūko Shoin, published 2021, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
水 | 銀 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
水 | 銀 |
Noun
[edit]水銀
- Chinese lemmas
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- Dungan lemmas
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- zh:Chemistry
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- Japanese terms spelled with 水 read as すい
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- ja:Chemistry
- Japanese terms spelled with 水 read as みず
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- Japanese terms with rendaku
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- ja:Metals
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