鍊
Appearance
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 鍊 |
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Shinjitai | 錬 |
Simplified | 炼 |
Han character
[edit]鍊 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 金木田火 (CDWF), four-corner 85196, composition ⿰釒柬)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1313, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40602
- Dae Jaweon: page 1814, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4228, character 14
- Unihan data for U+934A
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origen
[edit]Historical forms of the character 鍊 |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
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蘭 | *ɡ·raːn |
攔 | *ɡ·raːn |
欄 | *ɡ·raːn |
瀾 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns |
讕 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns |
闌 | *ɡ·raːn |
韊 | *ɡ·raːn |
幱 | *ɡ·raːn |
籣 | *ɡ·raːn |
躝 | *ɡ·raːn |
爛 | *ɡ·raːns |
爤 | *ɡ·raːns |
鑭 | *ɡ·raːns |
糷 | *ɡ·raːns |
斕 | *ɡ·reːn |
揀 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns |
柬 | *kreːnʔ |
暕 | *kreːnʔ |
諫 | *kraːns |
練 | *ɡ·reːns |
鍊 | *ɡ·reːns |
煉 | *ɡ·reːns |
楝 | *ɡ·reːns |
萰 | *ɡ·reːns |
堜 | *ɡ·reːns |
湅 | *ɡ·reːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 鍊 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 炼* | |
nonstandard simp. | 𫔀 | |
alternative forms | 煉/炼 especially for figurative meanings 錬 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lin6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): liêng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6li
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: liàn
- Wade–Giles: lien4
- Yale: lyàn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liann
- Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lin6
- Yale: lihn
- Cantonese Pinyin: lin6
- Guangdong Romanization: lin6
- Sinological IPA (key): /liːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lien
- Hakka Romanization System: lien
- Hagfa Pinyim: lian4
- Sinological IPA: /li̯en⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: liêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃iɛŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: lenH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤen-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·reːns/
Definitions
[edit]鍊
- to smelt; to refine
- (figurative) to measure (one's words); to polish (one's wording)
- (figurative) to temper; to steel; to cultivate
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 九煉成鋼 / 九炼成钢
- 修煉 / 修炼 (xiūliàn)
- 冶煉 / 冶炼 (yěliàn)
- 凝煉 / 凝炼 (níngliàn)
- 千錘百鍊 / 千锤百炼 (qiānchuíbǎiliàn)
- 土法煉鋼 / 土法炼钢 (tǔfǎ liàngāng)
- 拉鍊 / 拉炼 (lāliàn)
- 提煉 / 提炼 (tíliàn)
- 搏煉 / 搏炼
- 搏砂煉汞 / 搏砂炼汞
- 摶砂煉汞 / 抟砂炼汞
- 日鍛月煉 / 日锻月炼
- 月鍛季煉 / 月锻季炼
- 洗鍊 / 洗炼 (xǐliàn)
- 淬鍊 / 淬炼 (cuìliàn)
- 炮煉 / 炮炼
- 煉丹 / 炼丹 (liàndān)
- 煉丹術 / 炼丹术 (liàndānshù)
- 煉乳 / 炼乳 (liànrǔ)
- 煉山 / 炼山
- 煉油 / 炼油
- 煉油廠 / 炼油厂 (liànyóuchǎng)
- 煉焦 / 炼焦
- 煉焦爐 / 炼焦炉
- 煉獄 / 炼狱 (liànyù)
- 煉石補天 / 炼石补天
- 煉製 / 炼制
- 煉銅 / 炼铜 (liàntóng)
- 煉鋼 / 炼钢 (liàngāng)
- 煉鋼廠 / 炼钢厂
- 煉鐵 / 炼铁
- 煉鐵爐 / 炼铁炉
- 熬煉 / 熬炼
- 燒丹鍊汞 / 烧丹炼汞
- 燒煉 / 烧炼
- 百鍊之鋼 / 百炼之钢
- 百鍊剛 / 百炼刚
- 百鍊成鋼 / 百炼成钢 (bǎiliànchénggāng)
- 百鍊金 / 百炼金
- 百鍊鋼 / 百炼钢
- 百鍊鐵 / 百炼铁
- 磨煉 / 磨炼 (móliàn)
- 磨鍊 / 磨炼 (móliàn)
- 精煉 / 精炼 (jīngliàn)
- 精金百煉 / 精金百炼
- 精鍊 / 精炼 (jīngliàn)
- 細鍊 / 细炼
- 肘手鍊足 / 肘手炼足
- 錘鍊 / 锤炼 (chuíliàn)
- 鍊丹 / 炼丹 (liàndān)
- 鍊冶 / 炼冶
- 鍊句 / 炼句
- 鍊子 / 炼子 (liànzi)
- 鍊字 / 炼字
- 鍊師 / 炼师
- 鍊度 / 炼度
- 鍊形 / 炼形
- 鍊氣 / 炼气
- 鍊氣士 / 炼气士
- 鍊石補天 / 炼石补天
- 鍊貧 / 炼贫
- 鍊金 / 炼金
- 鍊金術 / 炼金术 (liànjīnshù)
- 鍛鍊 / 锻炼 (duànliàn)
- 鐵鍊 / 铁炼 (tiěliàn)
- 闖鍊 / 闯炼
- 陳鍊 / 陈炼
Etymology 2
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 鍊 – see 鏈 (“chain; wire; cable; chain; shack; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 鏈). |
Japanese
[edit]錬 | |
鍊 |
Kanji
[edit]鍊
(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 錬)
Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]鍊 (eumhun 불릴 련 (bullil ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 불릴 연 (bullil yeon))
- hanja form? of [[련/연#Korean:_鍊|련/연]] (“smelt metals, forge”)
- hanja form? of [[련/연#Korean:_鍊|련/연]] (“refine”)
Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]鍊: Hán Nôm readings: luyện, rèn, rén
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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