Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunją

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkun.jɑ̃/

Etymology 1

Nomininalized from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁-yó-m (“begotten, birthed”), from *ǵenh₁- (“to beget, give birth”) +‎ *-yóm.

Noun

*kunją n

1. kin, family, clan

Inflection

neuter ja-stemDeclension of *kunją (neuter ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kunją	*kunjō
vocative	*kunją	*kunjō
accusative	*kunją	*kunjō
genitive	*kunjas, *kunis	*kunjǫ̂
dative	*kunjai	*kunjamaz
instrumental	*kunjō	*kunjamiz

Related terms

• *kinþiz
• *knōslą
  • Proto-West Germanic: *knōsl

Derived terms

• *kuningaz
• *Kunjamunduz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kuni
  • Old English: cynn, cyn
    • Middle English: kin, kyn, ken, kun
      • English: kin
      • Scots: kin
  • Old Frisian: ken, kenn, kin
    • North Frisian: kinne, kenne
  • Old Saxon: kunni, cunni
    • Middle Low German: künne
  • Old Dutch: cunni
    • Middle Dutch: cunne, conne, kunne
      • Dutch: kunne
  • Old High German: kunni, chunni
    • Middle High German: künne, konne, kunne
      • German: Künne, Kunne
• Old Norse: kyn
  • Icelandic: kyn n
  • Faroese: kyn n
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kyn n
  • Old Swedish: kyn n
    • Swedish: kön n
  • Danish: køn n
    • Norwegian Bokmål: kjønn n
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: kjønn n
• Gothic: 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹 (kuni)
• → Proto-Finnic: *kunnia
  • Finnish: kunnia
  • Ingrian: kunnia

Etymology 2

Nomininalized from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-yó-m (“known”), from *ǵneh₃- (“to know”) +‎ *-yóm.

Noun

*kunją n

2. (North Germanic) omen, portent, miracle

Inflection

neuter ja-stemDeclension of *kunją (neuter ja-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kunją	*kunjō
vocative	*kunją	*kunjō
accusative	*kunją	*kunjō
genitive	*kunjas, *kunis	*kunjǫ̂
dative	*kunjai	*kunjamaz
instrumental	*kunjō	*kunjamiz

Descendants

• Old Norse: kyn
  • Icelandic: kyn
• → Proto-Finnic: *konëh (“magic”) (Pre-Germanic borrowing)
  • Finnish: kone (“machine”)
  • Karelian: koneh