cysgu
Appearance
Welsh
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Welsh kyscu, from Proto-Brythonic *kuskɨd, from Proto-Celtic *kuxsketi (compare Cornish koska, Breton kousket), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewb- (compare Latin cubō (“I recline”)).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkəsɡɨ̞/, [ˈkʰəskɨ̞]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈkəsɡi/, [ˈkʰəski]
- Rhymes: -əsɡɨ̞
Verb
[edit]cysgu (first-person singular present cysgaf)
- (intransitive) sleep (rest in state of reduced consciousness)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | cysgaf | cysgi | cwsg, cysga | cysgwn | cysgwch | cysgant | cysgir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
cysgwn | cysgit | cysgai | cysgem | cysgech | cysgent | cysgid | |
preterite | cysgais | cysgaist | cysgodd | cysgasom | cysgasoch | cysgasant | cysgwyd | |
pluperfect | cysgaswn | cysgasit | cysgasai | cysgasem | cysgasech | cysgasent | cysgasid, cysgesid | |
present subjunctive | cysgwyf | cysgych | cysgo | cysgom | cysgoch | cysgont | cysger | |
imperative | — | cwsg, cysga | cysged | cysgwn | cysgwch | cysgent | cysger | |
verbal noun | cysgu | |||||||
verbal adjectives | cysgedig |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | cysga i, cysgaf i | cysgi di | cysgith o/e/hi, cysgiff e/hi | cysgwn ni | cysgwch chi | cysgan nhw |
conditional | cysgwn i, cysgswn i | cysget ti, cysgset ti | cysgai fo/fe/hi, cysgsai fo/fe/hi | cysgen ni, cysgsen ni | cysgech chi, cysgsech chi | cysgen nhw, cysgsen nhw |
preterite | cysgais i, cysges i | cysgaist ti, cysgest ti | cysgodd o/e/hi | cysgon ni | cysgoch chi | cysgon nhw |
imperative | — | cysga | — | — | cysgwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
- Alternative verbal adjective: cysgiedig
Derived terms
[edit]- cysgadur (“sleeper”)
- cysgu fel clawdd (“to sleep like a log”)
- gaeafgysgu (“hibernate”)
- hafgysgu (“to aestivate”)
- cysgu yn llety'r falwen (“to sleep by an outside wall”, literally “to sleep in the snail's lodgings”)
Related terms
[edit]- cwsg (“sleep”)
Mutation
[edit]radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
---|---|---|---|
cysgu | gysgu | nghysgu | chysgu |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cysgaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Categories:
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewb-
- Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Welsh/əsɡɨ̞
- Rhymes:Welsh/əsɡɨ̞/2 syllables
- Welsh lemmas
- Welsh verbs
- Welsh intransitive verbs
- cy:Sleep