verso

See also: Verso, versó, and versò

English

Etymology

From Latin in versō foliō (“on the turned leaf, on the turned page”), the ablative case of the Latin versus (“turned, changed”) from the perfect passive participle of vertō (“turn”). Compare rēctus (“right”).

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)səʊ

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

Noun

verso (plural versos)

1. The back side of a flat object which is to be examined visually, as for reading, such as a sheet, leaf, coin or medal;
   1. (printing) The left-hand page of a book of a script which reads from left to right, usually having an even page number.

Synonyms

• (back side of a flat object): back, flipside, backside, reverse
• (left-hand page of a book): reverso

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “back side of a flat object”): recto, obverse
• (antonym(s) of “left-hand page of a book”): recto

Translations

the back side of a flat object

• Bulgarian: обратна страна f (obratna strana)
• French: verso (fr) m
• Greek: πίσω όψη f (píso ópsi)
• Ido: reverso (io)
• Italian: verso (it) m
• Russian: оборотная сторона́ f (oborotnaja storoná), реверс (ru) m (revers)
• Spanish: dorso (es) m, reverso (es) m

the left-hand page of a book

• Bulgarian: лява страница (на отворена книга) (ljava stranica (na otvorena kniga))
• French: verso (fr) m
• Greek: αριστερή σελίδα f (aristerí selída), οπίσθια σελίδα f (opísthia selída)
• Ido: reverso (io)
• Italian: verso (it) m
• Portuguese: verso (pt) m
• Romanian: verso (ro) n
• Russian: левая страни́ца f (levaja straníca)

Anagrams

• Vores, overs, roves, servo, vores

Catalan

Verb

verso

1. first-person singular present indicative of versar

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from French vers, Italian verso, German Vers, English verse and Polish wiersz, all ultimately from Latin versus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈverso]
• Rhymes: -erso
• Hyphenation: ver‧so

Noun

verso (accusative singular verson, plural versoj, accusative plural versojn)

1. line of poetry

Derived terms

• versaĵo (“bit of verse”)

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *vërso (compare Estonian võrsuma ~ Finnish versoa), probably borrowed from Indo-Iranian, either from Pre-Proto-Indo-Iranian *wérćos (whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *wálćas, Sanskrit वल्श (valśa, “shoot, branch”)) or Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥ćšás (whence Sanskrit वृक्ष (vṛkṣa, “tree”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋerso/, [ˈʋe̞rs̠o̞]
• Rhymes: -erso
• Hyphenation^(key): ver‧so

Noun

verso

1. shoot (emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant)
2. (botany) shoot (the part of a plant that grows above the soil)

Declension

Inflection of verso (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		verso	versot
genitive		verson	versojen
partitive		versoa	versoja
illative		versoon	versoihin
		singular	plural
nominative		verso	versot
accusative	nom.	verso	versot
	gen.	verson
genitive		verson	versojen
partitive		versoa	versoja
inessive		versossa	versoissa
elative		versosta	versoista
illative		versoon	versoihin
adessive		versolla	versoilla
ablative		versolta	versoilta
allative		versolle	versoille
essive		versona	versoina
translative		versoksi	versoiksi
abessive		versotta	versoitta
instructive		—	versoin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of verso (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative versoni versoni accusative nom. versoni versoni gen. versoni genitive versoni versojeni partitive versoani versojani inessive versossani versoissani elative versostani versoistani illative versooni versoihini adessive versollani versoillani ablative versoltani versoiltani allative versolleni versoilleni essive versonani versoinani translative versokseni versoikseni abessive versottani versoittani instructive — — comitative — versoineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative versosi versosi accusative nom. versosi versosi gen. versosi genitive versosi versojesi partitive versoasi versojasi inessive versossasi versoissasi elative versostasi versoistasi illative versoosi versoihisi adessive versollasi versoillasi ablative versoltasi versoiltasi allative versollesi versoillesi essive versonasi versoinasi translative versoksesi versoiksesi abessive versottasi versoittasi instructive — — comitative — versoinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative versomme versomme accusative nom. versomme versomme gen. versomme genitive versomme versojemme partitive versoamme versojamme inessive versossamme versoissamme elative versostamme versoistamme illative versoomme versoihimme adessive versollamme versoillamme ablative versoltamme versoiltamme allative versollemme versoillemme essive versonamme versoinamme translative versoksemme versoiksemme abessive versottamme versoittamme instructive — — comitative — versoinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative versonne versonne accusative nom. versonne versonne gen. versonne genitive versonne versojenne partitive versoanne versojanne inessive versossanne versoissanne elative versostanne versoistanne illative versoonne versoihinne adessive versollanne versoillanne ablative versoltanne versoiltanne allative versollenne versoillenne essive versonanne versoinanne translative versoksenne versoiksenne abessive versottanne versoittanne instructive — — comitative — versoinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative versonsa versonsa accusative nom. versonsa versonsa gen. versonsa genitive versonsa versojensa partitive versoaan versoansa versojaan versojansa inessive versossaan versossansa versoissaan versoissansa elative versostaan versostansa versoistaan versoistansa illative versoonsa versoihinsa adessive versollaan versollansa versoillaan versoillansa ablative versoltaan versoltansa versoiltaan versoiltansa allative versolleen versollensa versoilleen versoillensa essive versonaan versonansa versoinaan versoinansa translative versokseen versoksensa versoikseen versoiksensa abessive versottaan versottansa versoittaan versoittansa instructive — — comitative — versoineen versoinensa

Derived terms

verbs

• versoa

 

compounds

• bambuverso
• ilmaverso
• jaloverso
• juuriverso
• laakaverso
• maaverso
• männynverso
• pääverso
• sivuverso
• versojuuri
• versokasvi
• versosyöpä
• vuosiverso

 

Further reading

• “verso”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-04

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋersoˣ/, [ˈʋe̞rs̠o̞(ʔ)]
• Rhymes: -erso
• Hyphenation^(key): ver‧so

Verb

verso

1. inflection of versoa:
   1. present active indicative connegative
   2. second-person singular present imperative
   3. second-person singular present active imperative connegative

Anagrams

• servo

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin versō, ablative of versus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vɛʁ.so/

Noun

verso m (plural versos)

1. verso, reverse, back, overleaf (of a page)
2. (printing) left-hand page

Further reading

• “verso”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

German

Adverb

verso

1. overleaf

Ido

Noun

verso (plural versi)

1. verse

Interlingua

Etymology

From Italian verso, French vers.

Preposition

verso

1. towards

Noun

verso (plural versos)

1. verse
2. verso, back of a sheet of paper

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvɛr.so/
• Rhymes: -ɛrso
• Hyphenation: vèr‧so

Etymology 1

From Latin versus. Doublet of versus.

Noun

verso m (plural versi)

1. (poetry) verse
2. song

   Synonym: canzone

3. cackle (of a hen or goose)

Etymology 2

From Latin versus (past participle of vertere). Cognate to French vers (“towards”).

Preposition

verso

1. toward
   1. in the direction of

      Synonyms: alla volta di, in direzione di

      vieni verso di me ― come to me

      il fiume scorre verso il mare

      the river flows to the sea

   2. in relation to

      Synonyms: nei riguardi di, nei confronti di

      non devi nutrire odio verso nessuno

      you shouldn't harbor hate toward anyone

   3. in the vicinity of; near; by

      Synonyms: dalle parti di, nelle vicinanze di

      vive verso Roma ― he lives by Rome

2. at about (a time)

   Synonyms: circa a, poco prima, poco dopo

   vengo verso le sei

   I'll come at about six (o'clock)

3. close to (an age)

   Synonyms: prossimo a, vicino a

   l'ha scritto verso i vent'anni

   he wrote it when he was about twenty (years old)

Etymology 3

Verb

verso

1. first-person singular present indicative of versare

Etymology 4

Preposition

verso

1. vicinity, proximity, nearby
2. around, near to, close to

   Arriverà verso mezzogiorno.

   She will arrive around noon.

Anagrams

• servo, sevro

Ladino

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Italian verso (“toward”).

Preposition

verso (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling ב׳ירסו)

1. toward; towards

   Los ojos de todo el mundo estos dias son boltados verso el Medio Oryente. ― These days everybody's eyes are turned towards the Middle East.

2. against (in opposition to)

   Synonym: kontra

   No tengo nada verso ti. ― I have nothing against you.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Spanish verso (“verse”).

Noun

verso m (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling ב׳ירסו)

1. (music, poetry) verse

Latin

Alternative forms

• vorsō

Etymology

Frequentative verb of vertō.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈu̯er.soː/, [ˈu̯ɛrs̠oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈver.so/, [ˈvɛrso]

Verb

versō (present infinitive versāre, perfect active versāvī, supine versātum); first conjugation

1. to turn often, keep turning, handle, whirl about, turn over

   Synonyms: vertō, circumagō

2. to treat, manage
3. to pervert, alter, change

   Synonyms: mūtō, commūtō, vertō, cōnferō

4. to discompose, disturb, vex, agitate

   Synonyms: fatīgō, turbō, perturbō, percieō, concieō, cieō, sollicitō, agitō, angō, disturbō, īnfestō, irrītō, stimulō, ēvertō, peragō, concitō, agō, moveō, ūrō

   Antonym: cōnsōlor

5. to overthrow, ruin, subvert

   Synonyms: prōflīgō, impellō, subvertō, fundō, pervertō, ēvertō, dēturbō, sternō, prōsternō, afflīgō, dissipō, vertō

6. (figuratively) to think over or through, meditate, reflect upon, revolve or turn over in one’s mind, consider, ponder

   Synonyms: reflectō, ponderō, dēlīberō, putō, pendō, perpendō, cōnsīderō, reputō, cōnsulō, replicō, dubitō, cōnsultō, circumspiciō, videō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.285–286:

     Atque animum nunc hūc celerem nunc dīvidit illūc,
     in partīsque rapit variās perque omnia versat.

     And his swift mind parses now this [idea], now that [one], picks among varied options, and thinks through them all.
     (Aeneas considers how to end his relationship with Dido and leave Carthage.)

Conjugation

   Conjugation of versō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	versō	versās	versat	versāmus	versātis	versant
	imperfect	versābam	versābās	versābat	versābāmus	versābātis	versābant
	future	versābō	versābis	versābit	versābimus	versābitis	versābunt
	perfect	versāvī	versāvistī, versāstī2	versāvit, versāt2	versāvimus, versāmus2	versāvistis, versāstis2	versāvērunt, versāvēre, versārunt2
	pluperfect	versāveram, versāram2	versāverās, versārās2	versāverat, versārat2	versāverāmus, versārāmus2	versāverātis, versārātis2	versāverant, versārant2
	future perfect	versāverō, versārō2	versāveris, versāris2	versāverit, versārit2	versāverimus, versārimus2	versāveritis, versāritis2	versāverint, versārint2
passive	present	versor	versāris, versāre	versātur	versāmur	versāminī	versantur
	imperfect	versābar	versābāris, versābāre	versābātur	versābāmur	versābāminī	versābantur
	future	versābor	versāberis, versābere	versābitur	versābimur	versābiminī	versābuntur
	perfect	versātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	versātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	versātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	versem	versēs	verset	versēmus	versētis	versent
imperfect	versārem	versārēs	versāret	versārēmus	versārētis	versārent
perfect	versāverim, versārim2	versāverīs, versārīs2	versāverit, versārit2	versāverīmus, versārīmus2	versāverītis, versārītis2	versāverint, versārint2
pluperfect	versāvissem, versāssem2	versāvissēs, versāssēs2	versāvisset, versāsset2	versāvissēmus, versāssēmus2	versāvissētis, versāssētis2	versāvissent, versāssent2
passive	present	verser	versēris, versēre	versētur	versēmur	versēminī	versentur
imperfect	versārer	versārēris, versārēre	versārētur	versārēmur	versārēminī	versārentur
perfect	versātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	versātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	versā	—	—	versāte	—
	future	—	versātō	versātō	—	versātōte	versantō
passive	present	—	versāre	—	—	versāminī	—
	future	—	versātor	versātor	—	—	versantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		versāre	versāvisse, versāsse2	versātūrum esse	versārī, versārier1	versātum esse	versātum īrī
participles		versāns	—	versātūrus	—	versātus	versandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		versandī	versandō	versandum	versandō	versātum	versātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
²At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

• adversō
• diversō
• circumversō
• conversō
• inversō
• reversō
• subversō
• versābilis
• versābundus
• versātilis
• versātiō
• versātus

Descendants

• Albanian: vërshoj
• Aromanian: versu, virsari
• Catalan: vessar
• French: verser
• Friulian: viersâ
• Galician: vesar, versar
• Italian: versare
• Norman: vèrser
• Occitan: versar
• Piedmontese: versé, vërsé
• Portuguese: versar, vessar
• Romanian: vărsa, vărsare
• Sardinian: besciare, bessai, bessare
• Sicilian: virsari
• Spanish: versar

Participle

versō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of versus

References

• “verso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “verso”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• verso in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• “verse”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛʁ.su/ [ˈvɛh.su]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛʁ.su/ [ˈvɛh.su]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛɾ.su/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛʁ.su/ [ˈvɛχ.su]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛɻ.so/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛɾ.su/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvɛɾ.su/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbɛɾ.su/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin versus.

Noun

verso m (plural versos)

1. verse
2. verso, reverse, back, overleaf (of a page)
3. (printing) verso, left-hand page

Related terms

• versar

Etymology 2

Verb

verso

1. first-person singular present indicative of versar

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French verso, from Latin verso.

Noun

verso n (uncountable)

1. verso, back

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	verso	versoul
genitive-dative	verso	versoului
vocative	versoule

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbeɾso/ [ˈbeɾ.so]
• Rhymes: -eɾso
• Syllabification: ver‧so

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin versus. Compare the inherited Old Spanish viesso.

Adjective

verso (feminine versa, masculine plural versos, feminine plural versas)

1. (mathematics) versed

Derived terms

• coseno verso
• seno verso

 

Noun

verso m (plural versos)

1. verse, poem
2. verse, line (of a poem)
3. verso, reverse, back, overleaf (of a page)
4. (printing) verso, left-hand page
5. (military, weaponry) small culverin (kind of cannon)
6. (colloquial) lie, story, porky

Derived terms

• verso libre
• verso suelto

 

Related terms

• versar

 

Etymology 2

Verb

verso

1. first-person singular present indicative of versar

Further reading

• “verso”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10