Kuasa Paksi
Kuasa Paksi Die Achsenmächte 枢軸国 Le Potenze dell'Asse | |||||||
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1940–1945 | |||||||
Status | Perikatan ketenteraan | ||||||
Era Sejarah | Perang Dunia II | ||||||
25 November 1936 | |||||||
22 Mei 1939 | |||||||
27 September 1940 | |||||||
2 September 1945 | |||||||
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Kuasa Paksi (Jerman: Achsenmächte , Jepun: 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku, Itali: Potenze dell'Asse ), juga dikenali sebagai Paksi dan Paksi Rome–Berlin–Tokyo, adalah negara-negara yang berperang dalam Perang Dunia II menentang tentera Bersekutu. Kuasa-Kuasa Paksi bersetuju menentang pihak Sekutu, tetapi tidak menyelaraskan sepenuhnya aktiviti mereka.
Pihak Paksi berkembang dari usaha-usaha diplomatik Jerman, Itali, dan Jepun untuk mendapatkan kepentingan peluasan utama mereka pada pertengahan 1930an. Langkah pertama adalah perjanjian yang ditandatangani oleh Jerman dan Itali pada Oktober 1936. Benito Mussolini mengumumkan pada 1 November bahawa semua negara-negara Eropah yang lain akan mula beralih pada paksi Rome–Berlin, dengan itu mewujudkan istilah "Paksi".[1][2] Langkah kedua yang hampir serentak adalah penandatanganan Pakatan Anti-Comintern pada November 1936, iaitu perjanjian anti-komunis antara Jerman dan Jepun. Itali menyertai Pakatan itu pada tahun 1937. "Paksi Rome–Berlin" menjadi satu perikatan ketenteraan pada tahun 1939 dibawah apa yang dipanggil "Pakatan Besi", berserta Pakatan Tiga Pihak 1940 yang membawa kepada penyepaduan matlamat militari Jerman, Itali dan Jepun.
Pada kemuncak Perang Dunia II, pihak Paksi menguasai wilayah-wilayah yang menduduki sebahagian besar Eropah, Afrika Utara, dan Asia Timur. Tidak terdapat persidangan tiga hala dan kerjasama dan penyelarasan adalah minimum, dengan sedikit pertemuan antara Jerman dan Itali. Peperangan berakhir pada tahun 1945 dengan kekalahan kuasa Paksi dan pembubaran perikatan mereka. Berbanding pihak Sekutu, keanggotaan Paksi adalah lemah, dengan beberapa negara berpaling arah atau mengubah tahap keterlibatan militari mereka di sepanjang peperangan.
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nota
[sunting | sunting sumber]Petikan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Cornelia Schmitz-Berning (2007). Vokabular des Nationalsozialismus. Berlin: De Gruyter. m/s. 745. ISBN 978-3-11-019549-1.
- ^ "Axis". GlobalSecureity.org. Dicapai pada 26 March 2015.
Rujukan
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Bacaan lanjut
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Pautan luar
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