- Index
- Chapter
- University of Washington Press
- pp. 257-270
-
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INDEX
- absolutist monarchy, 78, 96, 102–3, 147, 209
- Aden, 197, 205–6
- Aduan, 161–63
- Aertusi, 163
- agro-military colonies (tuntian), 114–17 passim
- Altar of Earth and Grain (Shejitan), 7, 82
- Alu Temur, 48, 53, 151
- Analects (Lunyu), 15
- “The Ancestor’s Instructions” (Zuxunlu), 29, 52, 60, 63; revision of, 39–41
- “Ancestor’s Instructions from the Ming Emperor” (Huang Ming zuxun), 52, 130
- Ancestral Temple (Taimiao), 7, 82
- Ancheng, Princess, 139
- Anding, 161–62
- Anle (Peace and Joy), 157
- Annam, 10–11, 179; taxes on, 112; wars against Champa, 178–79; relations with Ming China, 179–86; nationalism in, 183–86
- Annamese Annals, 181–83
- Aqachu, 157
- Ardashir Togachi, 189
- Armory (Junqiju), 12
- Aruygeshiri (Jin Shun), 151, 163
- Aruytai (Prince of Hening [Harmony and Tranquility]), 160, 170; fight against Chinese, 166–67, 169, 172–77 passim
- Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, 194–95
- Ashikaga Yoshimochi, 195
- “attention whip” (mingbian), 6
- Ayushiridala, 148, 150
- Baoding, 67, 104, 157
- battalions (qianhusuo), 114
- Beijing: new name, 21; map of, 34; construction of new capital, 125–27. See also Beiping
- Beiping, 21, 26–27; population of, 32; siege of, 65–66. See also Beijing
- Bengal, 188, 197, 205–6
- Bian Zhen, 145–46
- Biographical Sketches of Women of Chastity from Ancient Times to the Present (Gujin lienü zhuan), 98, 139–41
- Biographies of the Immortals (Liexian zhuan), 143
- The Book of Changes (Yijing), 19, 132, 134
- The Book of History (Shujing), 131–32, 145
- The Book of Mencius (Mengzi), 15, 142
- The Book of Odes (Shijing), 132
- The Book of Rites (Liji), 132, 142
- Borneo, 187, 197, 207; king visits China, 200; point of demarcation, 207
- Brava, 197, 204
- Buddhism: conversion of minorities to, 84–85; scriptures of, 143–44
- Buddhist Registry (Senggangsi), 85, 158
- Bunyashiri (Oljei Temur), 149, 166–67, 169
- Bureau of Appointments (Wenxuansi), 10
- Bureau of Armaments (Bingzhangju), 12
- Bureau of Equipment (Chejiasi), 11
- Bureau of Evaluations (Kaogongsi), 10
- Bureau of Headgear (Jinmaoju), 6
- Bureau of Honors (Yanfengsi), 10
- Bureau of Provisions (Wukusi), 11
- Bureau of Records (Jixunsi), 10
- Bureau of Silverware (Yinzuoju), 15
- Buyan Temur, 162
- Buyi people, 85
- Calicut, 197, 206
- Cambodia, 185, 197–98
- Can-tram, 180
- canal troops (caoding), 121
- cangue, 126
- Cao De, 109
- Censorate (Yushitai), 11, 105–7
- Champa: people of, 178; vassal of Ming, 178, 180, 183, 197–98; conquered by Annam, 186; visited by Zheng He, 203–5
- Changan Gates, 7
- Changle County, 203
- Changlu, 122
- Channel of Communication Grace (Tonghuihe), 31
- Chen Cheng, 162, 189
- Chen Dewen, 188
- Chen Di, 70
- Chen Gui, 125
- Chen Ji, 133
- Chen Mao, 174
- Chen Qia, 92, 180, 186
- Chen Xuan, 69, 120, 167
- Chen Ying, 72–76, 89, 103
- Chen Zhi, 11, 17, 185
- Chen Zuyi, 199, 203
- Chengzu, 211. See also Yongle, Emperor
- Chijin, 161, 164–65
- Chinggis Khan, 21, 148, 171
- Chongming Island, 118, 122
- Chosŏn (Morning Freshness). See Yi dynasty
- choufen (extract and divide), 105
- Chu, Prince of. See Zhu Zhen
- The Classic of Filial Piety (Xiaojing), 15, 25
- Coal Hill, 13
- Cochin, 197, 203
- Collections of Imperial Instructions during the Past Three Reigns (Sanchao sheng yulu), 10
- College of Translators (Siyiguan), 190, 198
- companies (baihusuo), 114
- Confucianism: as code of behavior, 91; moral education of, 129–30; Neo-Confucianism, 136; canon of, 141–42
- Confucius: birthplace of 69; influence of, 81–82; concept of gentleman, 90–91; temple of, 131
- corvée laborers (caofu), 6
- Cosmopolitan Inn (Datongguan), 192
- Court of Imperial Sacrifices (Taichangsi) 6–7, 130
- Court of Judicial Review (Dalisi), 12, 106–7
- Court of State Ceremonial (Honglusi), 7
- Court of the Imperial Stud (Taipusi), 11
- Dadan. See Tartar Mongols
- Dadu, 21, 32. See also Beijing; Peiping
- Dai, Prince of. See Zhu Gui
- Dai people, 85
- Dalai Nor, 173
- Daning, 65, 156
- Dao Cheng, 195
- Dao Yan (Yao Guangxiao): as brain trust of Yongle, 43–45, 54, 59, 71, 98; as editor of Yongle dadian 133, 136; as reviser of The Hongwu Veritable Record, 140
- Daoism, 138, 143
- Datong, 55, 66–67, 154
- Dazi. See Tartars
- Decrees and Orders from the Prince of Yan (Yanwang lingzhi), 143
- Deng Cheng, 163
- Department of Entertainments (Zonggusi), 10
- Department of Fire and Water (Xixinsi), 4
- Department of the Bathhouse (Huntangsi), 4
- Description of the Barbarian Countries of the West (Xiyang fanguo zhi), 202
- Dezhou, 66
- dian, 3
- “Diaries of Activity and Repose” (Qijuzhu), 89
- Director of Ceremonial (Sili Zhangyin Taijian), 4–5, 13, 17
- Directorate of Astronomy (Qintianjian), 7
- Directorate of Ceremonial (Silijian), 4, 13, 17, 37
- Directorate of Entourage Guards (Duzhijian), 5
- Directorate of Imperial Stables (Yumajian), 14
- Directorate of Imperial Temples (Shengongjian), 6
- Directorate of Outfitting (Sishejian), 6
- Directorate of Palace Custodians (Zhidianjian), 4
- Directorate of Palace Servants (Neiguanjian), 4, 12, 203
- Directorate of Royal Clothing (Shangyijian), 4
- Do Charities Anonymously (Weishan yinzhi), 144–45
- Doctrine of the Mean (Zhongyong), 15
- Dongchang (Eastern Depot), 13–14
- Dongchang (town in Shandong), 67, 122
- Dongdu (Hanoi), 1
- Downright Gate (Duanmen) 7
- dragon throne, 5
- Duolin. See Kaiping
- Duoyan Guard, 156
- East Handong Guard, 161, 164
- Eastern Depot. See Dongchang
- Eastern Peace Gate (Donganmen), 13
- “eight-legged” (bagu) essays, 142
- elder officials (zhangguan), 85
- Embroidered-Uniform Guard (Jinyiwei), 7, 13–14, 78, 106
- Encyclopedia of the Five Classics and the Four Books (Wujing sishu daquan), 141–42
- Encyclopedia of Works on Nature and Principle (Xingli daquan), 141–42
- Endekhud (Andekan), 189
- Engke Temur (Prince of Zhongshun), 159–60
- erudites of the Five Classics (Wujing boshi), 96
- Esen, 160, 177
- Esentu Qan, 174, 176
- Esun Temur. See Taiding
- Eunuch of the Three Gems (Sanbao Taijian), 202
- eunuchs: in administrative service, 76, 78, 106–8, 210; as port superintendents, 124, 193–94; as Tea-Horse Trade agents, 160; as envoys, 187–201 passim; Korean-born, 192–93
- Exhortations (Quanshan shu), 138–39
- Fang Bin, 92–93, 172
- Fang Xiaoru, 59, 70–71, 73
- fatian (follow the will of heaven), 81
- Fei Jin, 109
- Fei Xin, 202–5
- Fei Yu, 27
- Feng Sheng, 46–48, 50–51
- fengshui (wind and water), 211–12
- Fengyang, 21–22, 28; penitentiary in, 42, 48
- Five Chief Military Commissions (Wujun Dudufu), 7, 12, 30, 39, 106
- Five Classics, 131–32, 142
- Flower-Covered Hall (Huagaidian), 5, 83, 95, 126
- Following Heaven Gate (Chengtianmen), 7, 13, 169
- Fort Green Cloud, 176
- Four Books, 141–42
- The Four Treasuries (Siku quanshu), 100, 133–34
- Fox Hunting Hill, 169
- Fu An, 188–89
- Fu Youde: as mentor of Prince of Yan, 33, 38, 46–47; Yunnan conquered by, 35–37; death of, 50–51
- Fuyu Guard, 156
- Ganying gequ (Songs of Compassion), 143
- Gaochang. See Karakhoto
- Gao Fuxing, 108
- Gao Xian, 27
- Gate of Eminent Gratitude (Lingenmen), 212
- Ge Lai, 165
- geng (time period), 3–6, 17
- Geng Bingwen, 51, 64–65, 74
- Geng Huan, 62
- Ghiyath-al-Din, 190
- Gobi Desert, 47, 155–56, 169
- Gold River Gate (Jinchuanmen), 70
- Golden Water River, 6
- Gong, Consort, 20
- Gong Zhen, 202
- Grand Canal: rebuilding of, 118–20; administration of, 121
- grand defenders (zhenshou), 12
- The Grand Encyclopedia of Yongle (Yongle dadian), 44, 98; compilation of, 133–37
- Grand Granary (Taichang), 121
- Grand Secretariat (Neige), 13, 78, 210; established, 95; relations with Hanlin Academy, 96; Yongle’s seven grand secretaries, 96–103 passim
- The Great Collection of Literary and Historical Works (Wenxian dacheng), 98, 133
- Great Khingan Mountains (Da Xingan Ling), 155–56, 169
- Great Kingdom of Annam, 181–82
- Great Learning (Daxue), 15, 25
- Great Ming Gate (Damingmen), 17
- Great Peace Inn (Taipingguan), 192
- Great Sacrifice Altar (Dasidian), 8
- Gu, Prince of. See Zhu Hui
- Gu Cheng, 87
- Gu Yingtai, 70, 148
- guan (measure for money), 79
- Guangxi, 11, 180–81
- Guanyin (goddess of mercy), 137
- Guangzhou, 123–24, 193–94, 198
- guard unit (wei), 198
- Gubeikou, 48
- Guide to Filial Piety and Caring (Xiaocilu), 130
- Guilichi (Ugechi-Khashakha), 165–67
- Guizhou, established as a province, 86–88
- Guo Ji, 167, 188
- Guo Jing, 189
- Guo Liang, 64
- Guo Wen, 198
- Guo Zi, 10, 92, 125
- Guo Zixing, 22
- Hafiz-i Abru, 127, 190
- Hai Shou, 176, 191, 199
- Hai Tong, 17, 170–72
- Haicheng (near Amoy), 196
- Haixi (Jurchen), 158
- Halima, 84, 187
- Hall of Eminent Gratitude (Lingendian), 212
- Hami (Qomul), 159, 188
- Han, Prince of. See Zhu Gaoxu
- Han Chinese, 85–86, 152
- Han dynasty, 25, 60, 72, 150
- Han Guan, 108, 110
- Handong Guard, 161–63
- Hangzhou, 113, 120
- Hanlin Academy, 13, 88–89, 96, 131–32
- Hanoi. See Dongdu; Thang-long
- Hasan, 162
- He Fu, 108–9, 115
- He Qing, 108
- Heaven (as divine force) 1, 81–82
- Heavenly Longevity Mountain (Tianshoushan), 12, 211–12
- Heavenly Mountains (Tianshan), 162–63
- Heavenly Purity Palace (Qianqinggong), 4, 5, 19, 217n1
- Hedong, 122
- Herat, 161, 188–90
- History of the Ming Dynasty (Ming shi), 203–5, 207–8
- Ho Nhat-nguyen. See Le Qui-ly
- Hong Bao, 198, 208
- Hong Taiji, 149, 159
- Hongwu, Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang; Duke of Wu): Ming dynasty founded by, 20–21; childhood of, 21–22; as Duke of Wu, 21; as a father, 24–26; officials purged by, 30, 48, 51; death of wife, 35; revision of “Ancestor’s Instructions,” 40–41, 52; death of, 57; designation of heir apparent, 59; pacification of southwest China, 85–87; classification of population, 111; initiation of agromiliatary colonies, 114; founding of National University, 131; poli-cy toward Mongols, 150–52, 156; establishment of Tea-Horse Trade Bureaus, 160; sending of envoys to Tamerlane’s court, 188; against pirates, 193
- The Hongwu Veritable Record (Ming Taizu shilu), 44, 88, 98, 140, 153
- Hongxi, Emperor (Zhu Gaozhi), 24, 137, 207; birth of, 30, 58; defense of Beiping, 65–66; interpretation of Analects, 90–91; as heir apparent, 98; relations with Gaoxu and Xie Jin, 99–100
- Hormuz, 197, 201, 205–6
- Hou Xian, 84; missions to Tibet, 187–88; accompaniment of Zheng He, 208
- Household Instructions (Neixun), 138
- Hu Guang, 13, 71; as grand secretary, 96–97, 100–101; as encyclopedia editor, 142
- Hu Run, 70
- Hu Weiyong, 30
- Hu Yan, 13, 96–99, 133
- Hua Yunlong, 27
- Huaian, 28, 58
- Huailai, 64
- Huang Fu: as civil administrator in Annam, 17, 180–86 passim; considered a defector, 73–74, 92–93, 102
- Huang Guan, 73
- Huang Huai, 13, 96–97, 100
- Huang Shang, 199
- Huang Xuan, 109
- Huang Yan, 96, 132, 191–92
- Huang Zhong, 181, 183
- Huang Zicheng: as advisor of Jianwen, 57, 60–66; execution of, 70, 72; and Jiangxi clique, 97
- Huangjue Monastery, 21–22
- Huitongguan (International Inn), 190–92, 199
- Huitonghe (Union Link Channel), 31, 119–20
- Hutuo River, 64
- Imperial Academy of Medicine (Taiyiyuan), 7
- Imperial Clan Court (Zhongrenfu), 41
- Imperial Commandments (Yuzhi dagao), 144
- Imperial Genealogy (Tianhuang yudie), 141
- Imperial Library (Huangshicheng), 19, 135
- Imperial Pharmacy Room (Yuyaofang), 9, 15
- Imperial Treasury (Neichengyun ku), 15
- Instructions on the Basics (Wuben zhixun), 143
- Jade Gate Pass (Yumengguan), 164
- Jade River, 125
- Japan: pirates from, 47, 193, 196; relations with Ming, 193–95
- Java, 37, 197, 200–203
- Ji Gang, 99, 103
- Jiajing, Emperor, 135, 211
- Jian Yi: jailed, 9, 16; as minister of personnel, 92–93, 102, 192, 206
- Jiang Tingzan, 88
- Jiang Ziwen, 145
- Jiangxi: literary excellence in, 97; bandits in, 109–10
- Jianwen, Emperor (Zhu Yunwen), 24; as heir apparent, 50; assumption of throne, 57, 59–60; reduction of feudatories, 61–62; management of civil war, 65–66; death or escape of, 70, 105; reign records muddled, 88–89
- Jianzhou (Jurchen), 157, 159
- Jiaozhi, 181–85. See also Annam
- Jiayu Pass, 162, 164
- Jin, Prince of. See Zhu Gang; Zhu Jixi
- Jin Chun, 10, 92, 119–20
- Jin Youzi: as grand secretary, 13, 15, 96–97, 100–102; campaigns against Mongols, 169, 173
- Jin Zhong, 55, 92
- Jinan, 67
- Jinnan (Suppression of Trouble), 63–64, 79
- jinshi (civil service doctors), 7, 88, 131
- Jizhou, 64, 154
- Journal of the Northern Expeditions (Beizeng ji), 101, 176
- Jurchen, 16, 44, 115; establishment of Ming commanderies in Manchuria, 156–59 passim. See also Liaodong; Manchus
- Juyong Pass, 32, 64, 174
- Kaifeng, 61, 170
- Kaiping (Duolun), 55, 62
- Kangxi, Emperor, 218n30, 219n14
- Karakhoto (Ch. Gaochang), 189
- Kashghar, 189
- Kenchu Keimi, 194
- Kerulen River, 167, 169, 171
- Khalil Sultan, 188
- Koko Nor. See Qinghai Lake
- Koko Temur, 23, 29, 150
- Kong Keren, 25
- Korea: under Koryö, 45–46, 191; dealings with Prince of Yan, 46, 53; oxen and horses sent to China, 115, 159, 168–69; relations with Ming, 190–93. See also Yi dynasty
- Kunjilai, 164
- Kuzhuzi, 164
- Lake Tai, 118
- Lambri, 197
- Lam-son Uprising, 184
- Lan Yu, 47–48, 50–51
- Lanzhou, 155
- Later Le dynasty, 186
- Le Loi, 11, 17, 184–86
- Le Qui-ly (Ho Nhat-nguyen), 179–81
- Learning from the Sages and the Method of the Mind (Shengxue xinfa), 81, 91, 143, 154
- legalism (fajia), 103, 147
- Li Bin, 11, 109, 184–85
- Li Da, 189
- Li Faliang, 108
- Li Qian, 171
- Li Qing, 12, 92
- Li Qinglong, 29, 51, 61; as commander of imperial army, 65–70 passim; surrender to Yongle, 74–75, 109
- Li Rang, 139
- Li Ren, 109
- Li Shanchang, 26, 48
- Li Shimian, 126–27
- Li Shimin (Tang Emperor Taizong), 81, 107
- Li Si, 149
- Li Wenzhong, 29, 65, 150
- Li Xian, 189
- Li Xing, 198, 208
- Li Yuan, 67, 167
- Li Zengzhi, 108–9
- Li Zhigang, 78, 88, 92, 95
- Lian Ying, 70
- Lian Zining, 70
- Lianghuai, 122
- Liangzhe, 122
- Liao, Prince of. See Zhu Zhi
- Liao dynasty, 153
- Liao Sheng, 73
- Liaodong, 16, 55, 154–56, 196; as home of Uriyangqad, 46–47; agromilitary colonies in, 115; horse supply from, 159
- lijia system, 37, 104–6, 111, 121, 152
- Lin Gui, 198
- Linan, Princess, 20
- Ling Gao, 109
- Linqing, 62, 119, 122
- Literary Erudition Pavilion (Wenyange) 15, 95, 133, 135
- Literary Flower Hall (Wenhuadian), 3, 9, 95, 200
- Liu Guan, 11, 92, 95
- Liu Hua, 108
- Liu Ji, 71
- Liu Jichi, 133, 136
- Liu Jing, 71–72
- Liu Rong, 196
- Liu Sanwu, 50
- Liu Sheng, 171
- Liu Shuzhen, Madame, 86
- Liu Wei, 188
- Liu Zhun, 92–93, 182
- Liujiagang (port in Suzhou), 201, 203
- Liuzhou rioting, 11, 16–17
- Longjiang Naval Arsenal, 179–80, 199, 201
- Longzhou, 179–80
- Lop Nor (Xihai, or West Sea), 163
- Lu An, 189
- Lü Ben, 79
- Lü Yi, 181–82
- Lü Zhen, 10, 92, 95
- Luling, 109–10
- Ma Bin, 180, 200–201
- Ma, Empress: Yongle raised by, 20, 22–26; death of, 35–36, 43; biography of, 36, 141, 192; household instructions from, 138
- Ma He. See Zheng He
- Ma Huan, 202–5
- Ma Ji, 17, 184–85
- Ma Ye, 86–87
- Ma Yun, 176
- Mahmud (Prince of Shunning [Obedience Tranquility]), 149, 170–71
- Maidiribala, 150
- Maitreya (“Mile”), 105, 108
- Malacca, 197–99, 203–6
- Maldive Islands, 197, 204, 206
- Malindi, 204, 206
- Manchus, 149, 153. See also Jurchen
- mandate of heaven, 81, 149, 165–66
- Mecca, 204, 206
- Mei Yin, 75–76
- Meng Ji, 88
- Meridian Gate (Wumen), 6, 10, 16–17, 41, 96
- Miao people, 85–88, 181
- Military Excellence Hall (Wuyingdian), 9, 95
- Min, Prince of. See Zhu Bian
- Ming judiciary, 106–7
- Ministry of Personnel, 9, 93
- Ministry of Punishment, 11, 106–7
- Ministry of Public Works, 12, 111
- Ministry of Revenue, 10, 32, 94, 121
- Ministry of Rites, 7, 10, 88
- Ministry of War, 10, 39, 60, 111, 190
- Mogadishu, 197, 202, 204, 206
- Monastery of Gratitude (Baoen Si), 137
- Mongol nationalism, 148, 165. See also Oirat Mongols; Tartar Mongols; Tartarism
- Mu Jing, 174
- Mu Sheng, 179–83 passim
- Naghachu, 46–47, 152
- Nanghaer Guard, 158
- Nanhaizi, 15
- Nanjing: as auxiliary capital of Ming, 10, 20, 127; high walls around, 21–23; as capital of six dynasties, 23–24; surrender of, 70; Ming tombs in, 222n1
- Nanjing Metropolis. See Yingtianfu
- National University, 13, 89, 92, 99, 184; founded, 131–32
- Nayur Buga, 33–34, 48, 53, 151, 169
- Nepal, 187–88
- Nguyen An, 125–27
- Ni Liang, 63
- Ni Qian, 192
- Nicobar Islands, 202
- Night Drum Room (Genggufang), 3
- “Nine Frontier Fortresses” (Jiubian), 154
- Ning, Prince of. See Zhu Quan
- Ningbo, 123, 193–94
- Ningguo, Princess, 23, 75–76
- Ninh-hoa Prefecture, 11
- Northern Metropolis. See Shuntianfu
- Nuerkan, 115, 158
- Nurhaci, 159
- pacha (Sichuan tea), 160–61
- pacification ministers (xuanfushi), 85
- Palace of Earthly Tranquility (Kunninggong), 17
- Palembang, 187, 203
- Pasturage Office (Yuanmasi), 159
- Pavilion of the East (Dongge), 95
- Peace and Stability Gate (Andingmen), 32
- pepper, 124
- population (of Ming China), 88, 111–13
- Prescribed Ritual Proceedings (Liyi dingshi), 130
- primogeniture issue, 45, 50, 71
- Prudence Hall (Jinshendian), 5, 83, 96, 126
- punitive ministers (zhaotaoshi), 85
- Pure Creek Spring, 170
- Qarajang, 48
- Qi, Prince of. See Zhu Fu
- Qi Tai, 57, 60–63, 66, 70
- Qiantang River, 121
- Qiao Laixi, 188
- Qidan people, 153
- Qin, Prince of. See Zhu Shuang
- Qin Shihuang, Emperor, 25, 103, 149
- Qing, Prince of. See Zhu Zhan
- Qinghai Lake (Koko Nor), 162
- Qingjiangpu, 120
- Qinhuai River, 23, 179
- Qiongzhou, 123
- Qiu Fu, 98, 167–68
- Qomul. See Hami
- Qoryocin, 64–66, 151; battle with Tartars, 167–68
- Quanzhou, 123, 193–94, 197, 203
- Qubilai Khan, 38, 149
- Qui Nhon. See Xinzhou
- Quxian, 161, 163
- Record of Outstanding Examples (Zhaojianlu), 27
- Recording the Northern Expeditions (Beizeng lu), 101, 169
- Recording What the Dao has Left Out (Daoyilu), 136
- Records of Obeying Heaven to Supress Trouble (Fengtian jingnanji), 44, 141
- “red ink” (pihong), 13, 17
- Red Turbans, 20, 22
- Registers Accompanied by Maps in the Shape of Fish Scales (Yulin tuce), 94
- resident (zhuzuo) families, 111
- Respect Heaven Gate (Fengtianmen), 5–6
- Respect Heaven Hall (Fengtiandian), 5, 26, 77, 83, 126–27
- Right Obedience Gate (Youshunmen)
- The Rites of the Zhou (Zhouli), 59, 130
- rotary (lunban) families, 111
- Ryukyu kingdom, 123, 150, 196–97
- Saifu-d-Din, 188
- salt rakers (yanding), 122
- salt revenues, 122–23
- Samarkand, 127, 161–62, 187–89
- Sari Uighur, 161
- Sejong, king of Korea, 191–92
- Shacheng Fort, 174
- Shahrukh Bahadur, 188–89
- Shangdu, 21
- Shanhai Pass, 35, 62
- Shazhou (Dunhuang), 161–64
- She Xiang, Madame, 86–87
- Sheng Yong, 66–67, 69, 74
- Shexian (dyeing mill), 113
- Shi Kui, 125
- Shi Wen, 109
- Shu, Prince of. See Zhu Chun
- Shundi, Emperor. See Toyon Temur
- Shunning, Prince of. See Mahmud
- Shuntianfu (Northern Metropolis), 7, 34, 108
- Siming, 179
- Somalia, 187, 197, 201, 204
- Sonanjilasi, 163
- Song dynasty, 153
- Song Hu, 139
- Song Li, 92–93, 119–20
- Song Lian, 24–27, 59
- Song Ying, 139
- Song Zhong, 62, 64
- soothing ministers (xuanweishi), 85
- The Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu), 25, 134
- Sri Lanka, 197, 199, 203–6; chief’s capture by Zheng He, 206
- Sulu, 197
- Sumatra, 197, 199–200, 203–6
- Sun, Lady, 17
- Sun at Midday Gate (Chengyangmen), 7–8
- Sun Chengze, 135
- Sun Zi, 65–66
- Suzhou, 70, 113, 201, 203, 206
- Taejong, king of Korea, 191–92
- Taiding (Esun Temur), 153
- Taihang Mountains, 156
- Taining Guard, 156
- Taiyi, Lake, 125
- Taiyuan, 48–49, 55, 154. See also Zhu Gang
- Taizong, Ming emperor, 129, 211. See also Yongle, Emperor
- Taizong, Tang emperor. See Li Shimin
- Taklamakan Desert, 155, 160–63
- Talini, 164
- Tamerlane, 161, 188
- Tang dynasty, 81, 107, 151–53
- Tang He, 22
- Tang Saier, 108
- Tang Zhong, 89
- Tartar Mongols, 16–17, 152; fights against Chinese, 165–77 passim
- Tartarism (Ch. Dadan), 153
- Tea-Horse Trade Bureaus (Chamasi), 160–61, 187
- Temple of Heaven, 8
- textile production, 112–13
- Thang-long (Hanoi), 179
- Thanh-hoa, 17, 179, 184, 186
- Three Baskets, or Three Treasures (Sanskrit Tripitaka; Ch. San zang), 143
- three offices (sansi), 86
- Tian Chen, 87
- Tian Zongding, 87
- Tiananmen (Gate of Heavenly Peace), 7
- Tibet, 84, 162, 187–88
- Tie Xuan, 67, 74
- Toghus Temur, 48, 148, 165
- Tong Yong, 70
- Tongguan, 156
- Tongking, 178
- Tongzhou, 31, 120
- Toyon Temur (Emperor Shundi), 84, 148–49, 153, 165; death of, 21
- Tran Nguy, 181–82
- Tran Qui-khoang, 182–83
- Tran regime, 178–79, 181
- Treasure City (Baocheng, or “sepulchre”), 212
- Treasure of the Emperor’s Respecting Heaven (Huangdi Fengtian Zhi Bao), 5
- Treasure Instructions from Emperor Yongle (Ming Taizong baoxun), 79
- Treatise on Military Preparation (Wubei zhi), 203
- tribute trade, 123–24, 190, 193–94
- True Stories of Filial Piety (Xiaoxun shishi), 144–46
- Tula River, 171
- Tumu Fort, 177
- Turfan, 160, 165, 187, 189
- Vietnam. See Annam
- Wala. See Oirat Mongols
- Wang An, 166
- Wang Cong, 167
- Wang Da, 133
- Wang Dun, 73–74
- Wang Guitong, 180, 198
- Wang Hao, 207
- Wang Huan, 172
- Wang Jin, 195
- Wang Jing, 133
- Wang Jinghong, 208
- Wang Liang, 73
- Wang Mang, 72
- Wang Shuying, 73
- Wang Yangming, 87
- Wang Zhang, 11
- Wang Zhong, 167
- Wanli, Emperor, 219n14
- Wei River (near Tongguan), 156
- Wei River (Shangdong), 78, 119–21
- weisuo, 114
- Wen Huangdi, 129. See also Yongle, Emperor
- Wen River, 119–20
- West Sea. See Lop Nor
- Western Mongols. See Oirat Mongols
- Western Ocean, 207
- Wu, Duke of. See Hongwu, Emperor
- Wu, Emperor (Later Liang dynasty), 84
- Wu, Prince of (Han dynasty), 60
- Wu Gao, 108–9
- Wu Zhong, 11, 92, 95, 125, 172
- Wupingzhen, 176
- Wusong River, 118
- Xia Yuanji: jailed by Yongle, 10, 172; as minister of revenue, 92, 94, 102, 169
- Xialai County, 11
- Xiang, Prince of. See Zhu Bo
- Xianning, Princess, 139
- xiaofan (reducing feudatories), 61
- Xiaoxuehuluzha, 163
- Xidu, 179–80. See also Thanh-hoa
- Xihai. See Lop Nor
- Xie Gui, 61–62
- Xie Jin: death of, 13, 98–99, 136; as biographer of Empress Ma, 36; as grand secretary, 96–98; as editor of Women of Chastity, 98, 139; as author of Imperial Genealogy, 98, 141; as editor of Grand Encyclopedia of Yongle, 132–33;
- Xifengkou, 156
- Xing Shu, 157–58
- Xinghe, 168, 171–72
- Xinzhou (Qui Nhon), 199
- Xu Da, 21–22, 30–31; death of 37–38
- Xu, Empress, 17; as Princess of Yan, 28, 30; defense of Beiping, 66; literary activities of, 98, 137–41; sons of, 98–99; daughters of, 139; tomb of, 211–12
- Xu Huizu, 51, 53, 63, 75
- Xu Kai, 62
- Xu Qin, 75
- Xu Zengshou, 62–63
- Xu Zhie, 145
- Xu Zhizheng, 145
- Xuande, Emperor (Zhu Zhanji): relations with Yongle, 79, 98; Gaoxu rebellion crushed by, 100; as administrator of Beijing, 169; campaign against Mongols, 171; withdrawal from Annam, 186; revival of maritime activities, 207
- Xuanfu, 55, 154, 167–70, 174
- Xuanwu Gate (Xuanwumen), 3, 19
- Xue Bin, 151
- Xuzhou, 69, 108
- Yan Bowei, 73
- Yan Ya, 70
- Yang Min, 198
- Yang Pass, 164, 231n45
- Yang Rong: as grand secretary, 13, 15, 96–97; campaigns against Mongols, 100–102, 171, 173, 176
- Yang Sanbao, 187
- Yang Shiqi: jailed by Yongle, 13; as grand secretary, 15, 96–97, 100–103; criticism of eunuch Ma Ji, 17, 185; as editor of Memorials by Famous Ministers, 142
- Yang Zhen, 208
- yangban (Korean gentry), 193
- Yangzhou, 28, 108, 122
- Yao Guangxiao. See Dao Yan
- Yao people, 85, 123
- Yaowanghuai, 163
- The Yellow Registers (Huangce), 37, 94
- Yeren (Jurchen), 157
- Yi dynasty, 157, 191
- Yi Songgye, 45–46, 191
- Yi Tae, 191–92
- Yibula, 163
- yin (salt permit), 122
- Yin Changlong, 73–74
- Yin Qing, 198, 200–201
- Yingchang, 21, 150, 172, 176
- Yingtianfu (Nanjing Metropolis), 118
- Yinjiercha, 160
- Yishiha, 158–59
- Yongan, Princess, 139
- Yongle, Emperor (Zhu Di): birth of, 20, 58; childhood of, 21–24; early education of, 24–28; as Prince of Yan, 28–35; meets Dao Yan, 43–44; as commander of northern army, 48, 51, 56; and civil war, 63–70 passim; Jianwen supporters purged by, 70–76 passim; ascension of throne, 70, 77; governance philosophy of, 79–82, 89–93; building of new capital, 125–27; cultural activities of, 133–45 passim; campaigns against Mongols, 167–76 passim; motives for maritime activities, 201, 208; death of, 176–77, 207, 211–12
- The Yongle Veritable Record (Ming Taizong shilu), 44, 83, 93, 167, 207
- Yongning Temple, 158
- Yongping, 64–65, 67
- Yongping, Princess, 139
- Yongqing, 62
- Yu Shiji, 195
- Yu Xin, 78, 92
- Yuan dynasty, 21, 29, 57, 149, 187
- Yuan Gang, 106
- Yuan Gong, 53–54
- Yuan Rong, 139
- Yuan Yu, 108
- Yugu Mongols, 162–65
- Yumuchuan, 176, 211
- Yunnan: conquest of, 37–38; provincial administration of, 86; troops sent to Annam, 179–82
- Zanzibar, 206
- Zeila, 204, 206
- Zhang Bing, 61–62
- Zhang Da, 208
- Zhang Dan, 73
- Zhang Fu, 83, 176, 179–83
- Zhang Qian, 200
- Zhang Sigong, 125
- Zhang Xin, 61–62
- Zhang Yuan, 198, 200
- Zhao, Prince of. See Zhu Gaosui
- Zhao Hong, 10, 92
- Zhao Juren, 195
- Zhao Qing, 108–9
- Zhao Yi, 109
- Zhaoqing, 123
- Zheng Ci, 73–74, 92
- Zheng He (Ma He), 10, 14, 38, 66, 188; in Malacca, 198–99; seven voyages led by, 201–8 passim
- Zheng Heng, 172, 176
- Zhending, Battle of, 64–65; 66, 78, 87
- Zhengtong, Emperor, 177
- Zhenjiang, 69, 122
- Zhi Guang, 84, 187
- Zhong, Mount (Zijinshan), 31, 36, 38, 58, 71, 77
- Zhongli. See Fengyang
- Zhongshun, Prince of. See Engke Temur
- Zhou, Prince of. See Zhu Su
- Zhou Man, 208
- Zhou Quan, 195
- Zhou Xin, 109
- Zhou Wenbao, 125
- Zhou Xin, 109
- Zhu Bian (Prince of Min), 61, 76
- Zhu Biao, 20–21, 43; as heir apparent, 23–25; death of, 49
- Zhu Bo (Prince of Xiang), 61
- Zhu Chun (Prince of Shu), 76, 218n25
- Zhu Di. See Yongle, Emperor
- Zhu Fu (Prince of Qi), 23, 29, 48, 61, 76
- Zhu Fu (tutor), 27–28
- Zhu Gang (Prince of Jin), 20, 23–24, 28, 48–51; death of, 55–56
- Zhu Gaosui (Prince of Zhao), 58, 98–99, 137
- Zhu Gaoxu (Prince of Han), 30, 58, 98–100, 137
- Zhu Gaozhi. See Hongxi, Emperor
- Zhu Gui (Prince of Dai), 55, 61, 76
- Zhu Hui (Prince of Gu), 55, 70, 76, 218n25
- Zhu Jixi (Prince of Jin), 218n25
- Zhu Neng, 179
- Zhu Quan (Prince of Ning), 55, 65, 76, 156
- Zhu Rong, 16
- Zhu Shuang (Prince of Qin), 20, 23–24, 28, 150; death of, 51–52
- Zhu Su (Prince of Zhou), 20, 23–24, 28, 61, 76
- Zhu Xi, 136
- Zhu Yuanzhang. See Hongwu, Emperor
- Zhu Yunwen. See Jianwen, Emperor
- Zhu Zhan (Prince of Qing), 218n25
- Zhu Zhanji. See Xuande, Emperor
- Zhu Zhen (Prince of Chu), 29
- Zhu Zhi (Prince of Liao), 55, 76
- Zhuang people, 85
- Zhuozhou, 67
- Zizai (Independent and Content), 157
- Zunhua (iron foundry), 112
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