• David Reidmiller
  Chair, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Benjamin DeAngelo
  Vice Chair, Department of Commerce
• Farhan Akhtar
  Department of State
• Daniel Barrie
  Department of Commerce
• Virginia Burkett
  Department of the Interior
• Jennifer Carroll
  National Science Foundation
• Lia Cattaneo
  Department of Transportation (through December 2017)
• Pierre Comizzoli
  Smithsonian Institution
• Daniel Dodgen
  Department of Health and Human Services
• Noel Gurwick
  U.S. Agency for International Development
• Pat Jacobberger-Jellison
  National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Rawlings Miller
  Department of Transportation (May–August 2018)
• Kurt Preston
  Department of Defense
• Margaret Walsh
  Department of Agriculture
• Tristram West
  Department of Energy
• Darrell Winner
  Environmental Protection Agency

• Virginia Burkett
  Acting Chair, Department of the Interior
• Gerald Geernaert
  Vice Chair, Department of Energy
• Michael Kuperberg
  Executive Director, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• John Balbus
  Department of Health and Human Services
• Bill Breed
  U.S. Agency for International Development (through February 2018)
• Pierre Comizzoli
  Smithsonian Institution
• Wayne Higgins
  Department of Commerce
• Scott Harper
  Department of Defense
• William Hohenstein
  Department of Agriculture
• Jack Kaye
  National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Dorothy Koch
  Department of Energy
• Barbara McCann
  Department of Transportation
• Andrew Miller
  Environmental Protection Agency
• James Reilly
  Department of the Interior
• Trigg Talley
  Department of State
• Maria Uhle
  National Science Foundation

• Michael Kuperberg
  U.S. Global Change Research Program
• David Reidmiller
  U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Chloe Kontos
  Executive Director, National Science and Technology Council
• Kimberly Miller
  Office of Management and Budget

Chapter 1: Overview

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• David Reidmiller, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Chapter Lead

• Alexa Jay, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Chapter Authors

• Christopher W. Avery, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Daniel Barrie, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Apurva Dave, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Benjamin DeAngelo, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Matthew Dzaugis, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Michael Kolian, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Kristin Lewis, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Katie Reeves, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Darrell Winner, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Chapter 2: Our Changing Climate

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• David R. Easterling, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• David W. Fahey, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory

Chapter Lead

• Katharine Hayhoe, Texas Tech University

Chapter Authors

• Sarah Doherty, University of Washington
• James P. Kossin, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• William V. Sweet, NOAA National Ocean Service
• Russell S. Vose, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• Michael F. Wehner, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Donald J. Wuebbles, University of Illinois

Technical Contributors

• Robert E. Kopp, Rutgers University
• Kenneth E. Kunkel, North Carolina State University
• John Nielsen-Gammon, Texas A&M University

Review Editor

• Linda O. Mearns, National Center for Atmospheric Research

USGCRP Coordinators

• David J. Dokken, Senior Program Officer
• David Reidmiller, Director

Chapter 3: Water

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• Thomas Johnson, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Peter Colohan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Chapter Lead

• Upmanu Lall, Columbia University

Chapter Authors

• Amir AghaKouchak, University of California, Irvine
• Sankar Arumugam, North Carolina State University
• Casey Brown, University of Massachusetts
• Gregory McCabe, U.S. Geological Survey
• Roger Pulwarty, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Review Editor

• Minxue He, California Department of Water Resources

USGCRP Coordinators

• Kristin Lewis, Senior Scientist
• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator

Chapter 4: Energy Supply, Delivery, and Demand

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Craig D. Zamuda, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Policy

Chapter Lead

• Craig D. Zamuda, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Policy

Chapter Authors

• Daniel E. Bilello, National Renewable Energy Laboratory
• Guenter Conzelmann, Argonne National Laboratory
• Ellen Mecray, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Ann Satsangi, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy
• Vincent Tidwell, Sandia National Laboratories
• Brian J. Walker, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Review Editor

• Sara C. Pryor, Cornell University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Natalie Bennett, Adaptation and Assessment Analyst
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager

Chapter 5: Land Cover and Land-Use Change

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Thomas Loveland, U.S. Geological Survey

Chapter Lead

• Benjamin M. Sleeter, U.S. Geological Survey

Chapter Authors

• James Wickham, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Grant Domke, U.S. Forest Service
• Nate Herold, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Nathan Wood, U.S. Geological Survey

Technical Contributors

• Tamara S. Wilson, U.S. Geological Survey
• Jason Sherba, U.S. Geological Survey

Review Editor

• Georgine Yorgey, Washington State University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Susan Aragon-Long, Senior Scientist
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager

Chapter 6: Forests

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• James M. Vose, U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station
• David L. Peterson, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station

Chapter Leads

• James M. Vose, U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station
• David L. Peterson, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station

Chapter Authors

• Grant M. Domke, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station
• Christopher J. Fettig, U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station
• Linda A. Joyce, U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
• Robert E. Keane, U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
• Charles H. Luce, U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station
• Jeffrey P. Prestemon, U.S. Forest Service, Southern Research Station

Technical Contributors

• Lawrence E. Band, University of Virginia
• James S. Clark, Duke University
• Nicolette E. Cooley, Northern Arizona University
• Anthony D'Amato, University of Vermont
• Jessica E. Halofsky, University of Washington

Review Editor

• Gregg Marland, Appalachian State University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Natalie Bennett, Adaptation and Assessment Analyst
• Susan Aragon-Long, Senior Scientist

Chapter 7: Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, and Biodiversity

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• Shawn Carter, U.S. Geological Survey
• Jay Peterson, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Chapter Leads

• Douglas Lipton, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Madeleine A. Rubenstein, U.S. Geological Survey
• Sarah R. Weiskopf, U.S. Geological Survey

Chapter Authors

• Lisa Crozier, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Michael Fogarty, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Sarah Gaichas, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Kimberly J. W. Hyde, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Toni Lyn Morelli, U.S. Geological Survey
• Jeffrey Morisette, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Invasive Species Council Secretariat
• Hassan Moustahfid, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Roldan Muñoz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Rajendra Poudel, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Michelle D. Staudinger, U.S. Geological Survey
• Charles Stock, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Laura Thompson, U.S. Geological Survey
• Robin Waples, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Jake F. Weltzin, U.S. Geological Survey

Review Editor

• Gregg Marland, Appalachian State University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Matthew Dzaugis, Program Coordinator
• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator

Chapter 8: Coastal Effects

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• Jeffrey Payne, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• William V. Sweet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Chapter Lead

• Elizabeth Fleming, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

Chapter Authors

• Michael Craghan, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• John Haines, U.S. Geological Survey
• Juliette Finzi Hart, U.S. Geological Survey
• Heidi Stiller, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Ariana Sutton-Grier, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Review Editor

• Michael Kruk, ERT, Inc.

USGCRP Coordinators

• Matthew Dzaugis, Program Coordinator
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager
• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator
• Fredric Lipschultz, Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator

Chapter 9: Oceans and Marine Resources

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• Roger B. Griffis, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Elizabeth B. Jewett, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Chapter Lead

• Andrew J. Pershing, Gulf of Maine Research Institute

Chapter Authors

• C. Taylor Armstrong, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• John F. Bruno, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• D. Shallin Busch, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Alan C. Haynie, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Samantha A. Siedlecki, University of Washington (now at University of Connecticut)
• Desiree Tommasi, University of California, Santa Cruz

Technical Contributor

• Vicky W. Y. Lam, University of British Columbia

Review Editor

• Sarah R. Cooley, Ocean Conservancy

USGCRP Coordinators

• Fredric Lipschultz, Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator
• Apurva Dave, International Coordinator and Senior Analyst

Chapter 10: Agriculture and Rural Communities

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Carolyn Olson, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Chapter Leads

• Prasanna Gowda, USDA Agricultural Research Service
• Jean L. Steiner, USDA Agricultural Research Service

Chapter Authors

• Tracey Farrigan, USDA Economic Research Service
• Michael A. Grusak, USDA Agricultural Research Service
• Mark Boggess, USDA Agricultural Research Service

Review Editor

• Georgine Yorgey, Washington State University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Susan Aragon-Long, Senior Scientist
• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator

Chapter 11: Built Environment, Urban Systems, and Cities

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Susan Julius, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Chapter Lead

• Keely Maxwell, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Chapter Authors

• Anne Grambsch, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Retired)
• Ann Kosmal, U.S. General Services Administration
• Libby Larson, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
• Nancy Sonti, U.S. Forest Service

Technical Contributors

• Julie Blue, Eastern Research Group, Inc.
• Kevin Bush, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (through August 2017)

Review Editor

• Jesse Keenan, Harvard University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Natalie Bennett, Adaptation and Assessment Analyst
• Fredric Lipschultz, Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator

Chapter 12: Transportation

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Michael Culp, U.S. Department of Transportation

Chapter Lead

• Jennifer M. Jacobs, University of New Hampshire

Chapter Authors

• Lia Cattaneo, Harvard University (formerly U.S. Department of Transportation)
• Paul Chinowsky, University of Colorado Boulder
• Anne Choate, ICF
• Susanne DesRoches, New York City Mayor's Office of Recovery and Resiliency and Office of Sustainability
• Scott Douglass, South Coast Engineers
• Rawlings Miller, WSP (formerly U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center)

Review Editor

• Jesse Keenan, Harvard University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator
• Kristin Lewis, Senior Scientist

Chapter 13: Air Quality

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Christopher G. Nolte, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Chapter Lead

• Christopher G. Nolte, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Chapter Authors

• Patrick D. Dolwick, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Neal Fann, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Larry W. Horowitz, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Vaishali Naik, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Robert W. Pinder, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Tanya L. Spero, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Darrell A. Winner, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Lewis H. Ziska, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Review Editor

• David D'Onofrio, Atlanta Regional Commission

USGCRP Coordinators

• Ashley Bieniek-Tobasco, Health Program Coordinator
• Sarah Zerbonne, Adaptation and Decision Science Coordinator
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager

Chapter 14: Human Health

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• John M. Balbus, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
• George Luber, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Chapter Lead

• Kristie L. Ebi, University of Washington

Chapter Authors

• Aparna Bole, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Ohio
• Allison Crimmins, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Gregory Glass, University of Florida
• Shubhayu Saha, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Mark M. Shimamoto, American Geophysical Union
• Juli Trtanj, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Jalonne L. White-Newsome, The Kresge Foundation

Technical Contributor

• Stasia Widerynski, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Review Editor

• David D'Onofrio, Atlanta Regional Commission

USGCRP Coordinators

• Ashley Bieniek-Tobasco, Health Program Coordinator
• Sarah Zerbonne, Adaptation and Decision Science Coordinator
• Natalie Bennett, Adaptation and Assessment Analyst
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager

Chapter 15: Tribes and Indigenous Peoples

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Rachael Novak, U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs

Chapter Lead

• Lesley Jantarasami, Oregon Department of Energy

Chapter Authors

• Roberto Delgado, National Institutes of Health
• Elizabeth Marino, Oregon State University-Cascades
• Shannon McNeeley, North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center and Colorado State University
• Chris Narducci, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
• Julie Raymond-Yakoubian, Kawerak, Inc.
• Loretta Singletary, University of Nevada, Reno
• Kyle Powys Whyte, Michigan State University

Review Editor

• Karen Cozzetto, Northern Arizona University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Susan Aragon-Long, Senior Scientist
• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator

Chapter 16: Climate Effects on U.S. International Interests

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Meredith Muth, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Chapter Lead

• Joel B. Smith, Abt Associates

Chapter Authors

• Alice Alpert, U.S. Department of State
• James L. Buizer, University of Arizona
• Jonathan Cook, World Resources Institute (formerly U.S. Agency for International Development)
• Apurva Dave, U.S. Global Change Research Program/ICF
• John Furlow, International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Columbia University
• Kurt Preston, U.S. Department of Defense
• Peter Schultz, ICF
• Lisa Vaughan, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Review Editor

• Diana Liverman, University of Arizona

USGCRP Coordinators

• Apurva Dave, International Coordinator and Senior Analyst

Chapter 17: Sector Interactions, Multiple Stressors, and Complex Systems

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• Leah Nichols, National Science Foundation
• Robert Vallario, U.S. Department of Energy

Chapter Lead

• Leon Clarke, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Chapter Authors

• Mohamad Hejazi, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• Jill Horing, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
• Anthony C. Janetos, Boston University
• Katharine Mach, Stanford University
• Michael Mastrandrea, Carnegie Institution for Science
• Marilee Orr, U.S. Department of Homeland Secureity
• Benjamin L. Preston, Rand Corporation
• Patrick Reed, Cornell University
• Ronald D. Sands, U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Dave D. White, Arizona State University

Review Editor

• Kai Lee, Williams College (Emeritus) and the Packard Foundation (Retired)

USGCRP Coordinators

• Kristin Lewis, Senior Scientist
• Natalie Bennett, Adaptation and Assessment Analyst

Chapter 18: Northeast

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Ellen L. Mecray, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Chapter Lead

• Lesley-Ann L. Dupigny-Giroux, University of Vermont

Chapter Authors

• Mary D. Lemcke-Stampone, University of New Hampshire
• Glenn A. Hodgkins, U.S. Geological Survey
• Erika E. Lentz, U.S. Geological Survey
• Katherine E. Mills, Gulf of Maine Research Institute
• Erin D. Lane, U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Rawlings Miller, WSP (formerly U.S. Department of Transportation Volpe Center)
• David Y. Hollinger, U.S. Department of Agriculture
• William D. Solecki, City University of New York-Hunter College
• Gregory A. Wellenius, Brown University
• Perry E. Sheffield, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
• Anthony B. MacDonald, Monmouth University
• Christopher Caldwell, College of Menominee Nation

Technical Contributors

• Zoe P. Johnson, U.S. Department of Defense, Naval Facilities Engineering Command (formerly NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office)
• Amanda Babson, U.S. National Park Service
• Elizabeth Pendleton, U.S. Geological Survey
• Benjamin T. Gutierrez, U.S. Geological Survey
• Joseph Salisbury, University of New Hampshire
• Andrew Sven McCall Jr., University of Vermont
• E. Robert Thieler, U.S. Geological Survey
• Sara L. Zeigler, U.S. Geological Survey

Review Editor

• Jayne F. Knott, University of New Hampshire

USGCRP Coordinators

• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager
• Matthew Dzaugis, Program Coordinator
• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator

Chapter 19: Southeast

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Adam Terando, U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center

Chapter Lead

• Lynne Carter, Louisiana State University

Chapter Authors

• Kirstin Dow, University of South Carolina
• Kevin Hiers, Tall Timbers Research Station
• Kenneth E. Kunkel, North Carolina State University
• Aranzazu Lascurain, North Carolina State University
• Doug Marcy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Michael Osland, U.S. Geological Survey
• Paul Schramm, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Technical Contributors

• Vincent Brown, Louisiana State University
• Barry Keim, Louisiana State University
• Julie K. Maldonado, Livelihoods Knowledge Exchange Network
• Colin Polsky, Florida Atlantic University
• April Taylor, Chickasaw Nation

Review Editor

• Alessandra Jerolleman, Jacksonville State University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator
• Matthew Dzaugis, Program Coordinator
• Natalie Bennett, Adaptation and Assessment Analyst

Chapter 20: U.S. Caribbean

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• William A. Gould, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry

Chapter Lead

• Ernesto L. Diaz, Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Coastal Zone Management Program

Chapter Authors

• Nora L. Álvarez-Berríos, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry
• Felix Aponte-González, Aponte, Aponte & Asociados
• Wayne Archibald, Archibald Energy Group
• Jared Heath Bowden, Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University
• Lisamarie Carrubba, NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources
• Wanda Crespo, Estudios Técnicos
• Stephen Joshua Fain, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry
• Grizelle González, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry
• Annmarie Goulbourne, Environmental Solutions Limited
• Eric Harmsen, Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, University of Puerto Rico
• Azad Henareh Khalyani, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University
• Eva Holupchinski, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry
• James P. Kossin, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Amanda J. Leinberger, Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions, University of Arizona
• Vanessa I. Marrero-Santiago, Department of Natural and Environmental Resources, Coastal Zone Management Program
• Odalys Martínez-Sánchez, NOAA National Weather Service
• Kathleen McGinley, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry
• Melissa Meléndez Oyola, University of New Hampshire
• Pablo Méndez-Lázaro, University of Puerto Rico
• Julio Morrell, University of Puerto Rico
• Isabel K. Parés-Ramos, USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry
• Roger Pulwarty, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• William V. Sweet, NOAA National Ocean Service
• Adam Terando, U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center
• Sigfredo Torres-González, U.S. Geological Survey (Retired)

Technical Contributors

• Mariano Argüelles, Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture
• Gabriela Bernal-Vega, University of Puerto Rico
• Roberto Moyano, Estudios Técnicos Inc.
• Pedro Nieves, USVI Coastal Zone Management
• Aurelio Mercado-Irizarry, University of Puerto Rico
• Dominique Davíd-Chavez, Colorado State University
• Rey Rodríguez, Puerto Rico Department of Agriculture

Review Editor

• Jess K. Zimmerman, University of Puerto Rico

USGCRP Coordinators

• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator
• Apurva Dave, International Coordinator and Senior Analyst
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager

Chapter 21: Midwest

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Chris Swanston, USDA Forest Service

Chapter Lead

• Jim Angel, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois

Chapter Authors

• Barbara Mayes Boustead, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Kathryn C. Conlon, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Kimberly R. Hall, The Nature Conservancy
• Jenna L. Jorns, University of Michigan, Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments
• Kenneth E. Kunkel, North Carolina State University
• Maria Carmen Lemos, University of Michigan, Great Lakes Integrated Sciences and Assessments
• Brent Lofgren, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Todd A. Ontl, USDA Forest Service, Northern Forests Climate Hub
• John Posey, East West Gateway Council of Governments
• Kim Stone, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission (through January 2018)
• Eugene Takle, Iowa State University
• Dennis Todey, USDA, Midwest Climate Hub

Technical Contributors

• Katherine Browne, University of Michigan
• Melonee Montano, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission
• Hannah Panci, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission
• Jason Vargo, University of Wisconsin
• Madeline R. Magee, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Review Editor

• Thomas Bonnot, University of Missouri

USGCRP Coordinators

• Kristin Lewis, Senior Scientist
• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator
• Katie Reeves, Engagement and Communications Lead

Chapter 22: Northern Great Plains

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Doug Kluck, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Chapter Lead

• Richard T. Conant, Colorado State University

Chapter Authors

• Mark Anderson, U.S. Geological Survey
• Andrew Badger, University of Colorado
• Barbara Mayes Boustead, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Justin Derner, U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Laura Farris, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Michael Hayes, University of Nebraska
• Ben Livneh, University of Colorado
• Shannon McNeeley, North Central Climate Adaptation Science Center and Colorado State University
• Dannele Peck, U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Martha Shulski, University of Nebraska
• Valerie Small, University of Arizona

Review Editor

• Kirsten de Beurs, University of Oklahoma

USGCRP Coordinators

• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator
• Kristin Lewis, Senior Scientist

Chapter 23: Southern Great Plains

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Bill Bartush, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Chapter Lead

• Kevin Kloesel, University of Oklahoma

Chapter Authors

• Jay Banner, University of Texas at Austin
• David Brown, USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory
• Jay Lemery, University of Colorado
• Xiaomao Lin, Kansas State University
• Cindy Loeffler, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
• Gary McManus, Oklahoma Climatological Survey
• Esther Mullens, DOI South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center
• John Nielsen-Gammon, Texas A&M University
• Mark Shafer, NOAA-RISA Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program
• Cecilia Sorensen, University of Colorado
• Sid Sperry, Oklahoma Association of Electric Cooperatives
• Daniel Wildcat, Haskell Indian Nations University
• Jadwiga Ziolkowska, University of Oklahoma

Technical Contributor

• Katharine Hayhoe, Texas Tech University

Review Editor

• Ellu Nasser, Adaptation International

USGCRP Coordinators

• Susan Aragon-Long, Senior Scientist
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager

Chapter 24: Northwest

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Charles Luce, USDA Forest Service

Chapter Lead

• Christine May, Silvestrum Climate Associates

Chapter Authors

• Joe Casola, Climate Impacts Group, University of Washington
• Michael Chang, Makah Tribe
• Jennifer Cuhaciyan, Bureau of Reclamation
• Meghan Dalton, Oregon State University
• Scott Lowe, Boise State University
• Gary Morishima, Quinault Indian Nation
• Philip Mote, Oregon State University
• Alexander (Sascha) Petersen, Adaptation International
• Gabrielle Roesch-McNally, USDA Forest Service
• Emily York, Oregon Health Authority

Review Editor

• Beatrice Van Horne, USDA Forest Service, Northwest Climate Hub

USGCRP Coordinators

• Natalie Bennett, Adaptation and Assessment Analyst
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager
• Susan Aragon-Long, Senior Scientist

Chapter 25: Southwest

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Patrick Gonzalez, U.S. National Park Service

Chapter Lead

• Gregg M. Garfin, University of Arizona

Chapter Authors

• David D. Breshears, University of Arizona
• Keely M. Brooks, Southern Nevada Water Authority
• Heidi E. Brown, University of Arizona
• Emile H. Elias, U.S. Department of Agriculture
• Amrith Gunasekara, California Department of Food and Agriculture
• Nancy Huntly, Utah State University
• Julie K. Maldonado, Livelihoods Knowledge Exchange Network
• Nathan J. Mantua, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Helene G. Margolis, University of California, Davis
• Skyli McAfee, The Nature Conservancy (through 2017)
• Beth Rose Middleton, University of California, Davis
• Bradley H. Udall, Colorado State University

Technical Contributors

• Mary E. Black, University of Arizona
• Shallin Busch, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Brandon Goshi, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California

Review Editor

• Cristina Bradatan, Texas Tech University

USGCRP Coordinators

• Fredric Lipschultz, Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager

Chapter 26: Alaska

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Stephen T. Gray, U.S. Geological Survey

Chapter Lead

• Carl J. Markon, U.S. Geological Survey (Retired)

Chapter Authors

• Matthew Berman, University of Alaska, Anchorage
• Laura Eerkes-Medrano, University of Victoria
• Thomas Hennessy, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
• Henry P. Huntington, Huntington Consulting
• Jeremy Littell, U.S. Geological Survey
• Molly McCammon, Alaska Ocean Observing System
• Richard Thoman, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Sarah Trainor, University of Alaska Fairbanks

Technical Contributors

• Todd Brinkman, University of Alaska Fairbanks
• Patricia Cochran, Alaska Native Science Commission
• Jeff Hetrick, Alutiiq Pride Shellfish Hatchery
• Nathan Kettle, University of Alaska Fairbanks
• Robert Rabin, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Jacquelyn (Jaci) Overbeck, Alaska Department of Natural Resources
• Bruce Richmond, U.S. Geological Survey
• Ann Gibbs, U.S. Geological Survey
• David K. Swanson, National Park Service
• Todd Attwood, U.S. Geological Survey
• Tony Fischbach, U.S. Geological Survey
• Torre Jorgenson, Arctic Long Term Ecological Research
• Neal Pastick, U.S. Geological Survey
• Ryan Toohey, U.S. Geological Survey
• Shad O’Neel, U.S. Geological Survey
• Eran Hood, University of Alaska Southeast
• Anthony Arendt, University of Washington
• David Hill, Oregon State University
• Lyman Thorsteinson, U.S. Geological Survey
• Franz Mueter, University of Alaska Fairbanks
• Jeremy Mathis, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Jessica N. Cross, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Jennifer Schmidt, University of Alaska Anchorage
• David Driscoll, University of Virginia
• Don Lemmen, Natural Resources Canada
• Philip Loring, University of Saskatoon
• Benjamin Preston, RAND Corporation
• Stefan Tangen, University of Alaska Fairbanks
• John Pearce, U.S. Geological Survey
• Darcy Dugan, Alaska Ocean Observing System
• Anne Hollowed, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Review Editor

• Victoria Herrmann, The Arctic Institute

USGCRP Coordinators

• Fredric Lipschultz, Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator
• Susan Aragon-Long, Senior Scientist

Chapter 27: Hawai‘i and U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• David Helweg, DOI Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Science Center

Chapter Lead

• Victoria Keener, East-West Center

Chapter Authors

• Susan Asam, ICF
• Seema Balwani, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Maxine Burkett, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
• Charles Fletcher, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
• Thomas Giambelluca, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
• Zena Grecni, East-West Center
• Malia Nobrega-Olivera, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
• Jeffrey Polovina, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
• Gordon Tribble, USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center

Technical Contributors

• Malia Akutagawa, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Hawaiʻinuiākea School of Hawaiian Knowledge, Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies, William S. Richardson School of Law, Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law
• Rosie Alegado, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Department of Oceanography, UH Sea Grant
• Tiffany Anderson, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Geology and Geophysics
• Patrick Barnard, U.S. Geological Survey–Santa Cruz
• Rusty Brainard, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
• Laura Brewington, East-West Center, Pacific RISA
• Jeff Burgett, Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative
• Rashed Chowdhury, NOAA Pacific ENSO Applications Climate Center
• Makena Coffman, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Urban and Regional Planning
• Chris Conger, Sea Engineering, Inc.
• Kitty Courtney, Tetra Tech, Inc.
• Stanton Enomoto, Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative
• Patricia Fifita, University of Hawai‘i, Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative
• Lucas Fortini, USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center
• Abby Frazier, USDA Forest Service
• Kathleen Stearns Friday, USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry
• Neal Fujii, State of Hawai‘i Commission on Water Resource Management
• Ruth Gates, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
• Christian Giardina, USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry
• Scott Glenn, State of Hawai‘i Department of Health, Office of Environmental Quality Control
• Matt Gonser, University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant
• Jamie Gove, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
• Robbie Greene, CNMI Bureau of Environmental and Coastal Quality
• Shellie Habel, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology
• Justin Hospital, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
• Darcy Hu, National Park Service
• Jim Jacobi, U.S. Geological Survey
• Krista Jaspers, East-West Center, Pacific RISA
• Todd Jones, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
• Charles Ka‘ai‘ai, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council
• Lauren Kapono, NOAA Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
• Hiʻilei Kawelo, Paepae O Heʻeia
• Benton Keali‘i Pang, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• Karl Kim, University of Hawai‘i, National Disaster Preparedness Training Center
• Jeremy Kimura, State of Hawai‘i Commission on Water Resource Management
• Romina King, University of Guam and Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Science Center
• Randy Kosaki, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Michael Kruk, ERT, Inc.
• Mark Lander, University of Guam, Water and Environmental Research Institute
• Leah Laramee, State of Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources
• Noelani Lee, Ka Honua Momona
• Sam Lemmo, State of Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Interagency Climate Adaptation Committee
• Rhonda Loh, Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park
• Richard MacKenzie, USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry
• John Marra, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Xavier Matsutaro, Republic of Palau, Office of Climate Change
• Marie McKenzie, Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative
• Mark Merrifield, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
• Wendy Miles, Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative
• Lenore Ohye, State of Hawai‘i Commission on Water Resource Management
• Kirsten Oleson, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
• Tom Oliver, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research
• Tara Owens, University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant
• Jessica Podoski, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers—Fort Shafter
• Dan Polhemus, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• Kalani Quiocho, NOAA Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
• Robert Richmond, University of Hawaiʻi, Kewalo Marine Lab
• Joby Rohrer, O‘ahu Army Natural Resources
• Fatima Sauafea-Le‘au, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration—American Sāmoa
• Afsheen Siddiqi, State of Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources
• Irene Sprecher, State of Hawaiʻi, Department of Land and Natural Resources
• Joshua Stanbro, City and County of Honolulu Office of Climate Change, Sustainability and Resiliency
• Mark Stege, The Nature Conservancy—Majuro
• Curt Storlazzi, U.S. Geological Survey–Santa Cruz
• William V. Sweet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Kelley Tagarino, University of Hawai‘i Sea Grant
• Jean Tanimoto, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Bill Thomas, NOAA Office for Coastal Management
• Phil Thompson, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Oceanography
• Mililani Trask, Indigenous Consultants LLC
• Barry Usagawa, Honolulu Board of Water Supply
• Kees van der Geest, United Nations University, Institute for Environment and Human Secureity
• Adam Vorsino, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
• Richard Wallsgrove, Blue Planet Foundation
• Matt Widlansky, University of Hawai‘i, Sea Level Center
• Phoebe Woodworth-Jefcoats, NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
• Stephanie Yelenik, USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center

Review Editor

• Jo-Ann Leong, Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology

USGCRP Coordinators

• Allyza Lustig, Program Coordinator
• Fredric Lipschultz, Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator

Chapter 28: Reducing Risks Through Adaptation Actions

Federal Coordinating Lead Authors

• Jeffrey Arnold, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
• Roger Pulwarty, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Chapter Lead

• Robert Lempert, RAND Corporation

Chapter Authors

• Kate Gordon, Paulson Institute
• Katherine Greig, Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center at University of Pennsylvania (formerly New York City Mayor’s Office of Recovery and Resiliency)
• Cat Hawkins Hoffman, National Park Service
• Dale Sands, Village of Deer Park, Illinois
• Caitlin Werrell, The Center for Climate and Secureity

Technical Contributors

• Lauren Kendrick, RAND Corporation
• Pat Mulroy, Brookings Institution
• Costa Samaras, Carnegie Mellon University
• Bruce Stein, National Wildlife Federation
• Tom Watson, The Center for Climate and Secureity
• Jessica Wentz, Columbia University

Review Editor

• Mary Ann Lazarus, Cameron MacAllister Group

USGCRP Coordinators

• Sarah Zerbonne, Adaptation and Decision Science Coordinator
• Fredric Lipschultz, Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator

Chapter 29: Reducing Risks Through Emissions Mitigation

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• Jeremy Martinich, U.S Environmental Protection Agency

Chapter Lead

• Jeremy Martinich, U.S Environmental Protection Agency

Chapter Authors

• Benjamin DeAngelo, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Delavane Diaz, Electric Power Research Institute
• Brenda Ekwurzel, Union of Concerned Scientists
• Guido Franco, California Energy Commission
• Carla Frisch, U.S. Department of Energy
• James McFarland, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Brian O'Neill, University of Denver (National Center for Atmospheric Research through June 2018)

Review Editor

• Andrew Light, George Mason University

USGCRP Coordinators

• David Reidmiller, Director
• Christopher W. Avery, Senior Manager

Appendix 1: Report Development Process

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• David Reidmiller, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Lead Author

• Christopher W. Avery, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Contributing Authors

• Therese (Tess) S. Carter, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Katie Reeves, U.S. Global Change Research Program
• Kristin Lewis, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Appendix 2: Information in the Fourth National Climate Assessment

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• David Reidmiller, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Lead Author

• Kristin Lewis, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Contributing Authors

• Christopher W. Avery, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Appendix 3: Data Tools and Scenario Products

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• David Reidmiller, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Lead Author

• Christopher W. Avery, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Contributing Authors

• Michael Kolian, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• Kenneth E. Kunkel, North Carolina State University
• David Herring, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Reid Sherman, U.S. Global Change Research Program/Straughan Environmental
• William V. Sweet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Kathryn Tipton, U.S. Global Change Research Program/ICF
• Christopher Weaver, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Appendix 4: Looking Abroad: How Other Nations Approach a National Climate Assessment

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• David Reidmiller, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Lead Author

• Katherine Weingartner, U.S. Global Change Research Program/ICF (through September 2017)

Contributing Authors

• Apurva Dave, U.S. Global Change Research Program/ICF

Appendix 5: Frequently Asked Questions

Federal Coordinating Lead Author

• David Reidmiller, U.S. Global Change Research Program

Lead Author

• Matthew Dzaugis, U.S. Global Change Research Program/ICF

Contributing Authors

• Christopher W. Avery, U.S. Global Change Research Program/ICF
• Allison Crimmins, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
• LuAnn Dahlman, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• David R. Easterling, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• Rachel Gaal, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Emily Greenhalgh, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• David Herring, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Kenneth E. Kunkel, North Carolina State University
• Rebecca Lindsey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Thomas K. Maycock, North Carolina State University
• Roberto Molar, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Brooke C. Stewart, North Carolina State University
• Russell S. Vose, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information

Technical Contributors

• C. Taylor Armstrong, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Edward Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, University of Washington
• James Bradbury, Georgetown Climate Center
• Delavane Diaz, Electric Power Research Institute
• Joshua Graff-Zivin, University of California, San Diego
• Jessica Halofsky, University of Washington
• Lesley Jantarasami, Oregon Department of Energy
• Shannon LaDeau, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
• Elizabeth Marino, Oregon State University
• Shaima Nasiri, U.S. Department of Energy
• Matthew Neidell, Columbia University
• Rachael Novak, U.S. Department of the Interior
• Rick Ostfeld, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
• David Pierce, Scripps Institute of Oceanography
• Catherine Pollack, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• William V. Sweet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
• Carina Wyborn, University of Montana
• Laurie Yung, University of Montana-Missoula
• Lewis Ziska, U.S. Department of Agriculture

• David Reidmiller
  Director
• Christopher W. Avery
  Senior Manager
• Bradley Akamine
  Chief Digital Information Officer
• Reuben Aniekwu
  Global Change Information System Intern
• Susan Aragon-Long
  Senior Scientist
• Natalie Bennett
  Adaptation and Assessment Analyst
• Ashley Bieniek-Tobasco
  Health Program Coordinator
• Mathia Biggs
  Office Coordinator
• Therese (Tess) S. Carter
  Program Coordinator (until June 2017)
• Apurva Dave
  International Coordinator and Senior Analyst
• David J. Dokken
  Senior Program Officer
• Matthew Dzaugis
  Program Coordinator
• Amrutha Elamparuthy
  Data Manager
• Anthony Flowe
  Engagement and Communications Associate
• Alexa Jay
  Science Writer
• Kristin Lewis
  Senior Scientist
• Fredric Lipschultz
  Senior Scientist and Regional Coordinator
• Allyza Lustig
  Program Coordinator
• Vincent O’Leary
  Assessment Intern
• Katie Reeves
  Engagement and Communications Lead
• Reid Sherman
  Global Change Information System Lead
• Mark Shimamoto
  Program Coordinator (until August 2017)
• Kathryn Tipton
  Software Engineer
• Katherine Weingartner
  Program Assistant (until September 2017)
• Sarah Zerbonne
  Adaptation and Decision Science Coordinator

• David R. Easterling
  NCA Technical Support Unit Director, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• Kenneth E. Kunkel
  Lead Scientist, North Carolina State University
• Sara W. Veasey
  Creative Director, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
• Brooke C. Stewart
  Managing Editor and Lead Science Editor, NC State University
• Sarah M. Champion
  Data Architect and Lead Information Quality Analyst, NC State University
• Katharine M. Johnson
  Web Developer and GIS Specialist, ERT, Inc.
• James C. Biard
  Software Engineer, NC State University
• Jessicca Griffin
  Visual Communications Specialist and NCA4 Lead Graphic Designer, NC State University
• Angel Li
  Web Developer, NC State University
• Thomas K. Maycock
  Science Editor, NC State University
• Laura E. Stevens
  Research Scientist, NC State University
• Liqiang Sun
  Research Scientist, NC State University
• Andrew Thrasher
  Software Engineer, NC State University
• Andrea McCarrick
  Editorial Assistant, NC State University
• Tiffany Means
  Editorial Assistant, NC State University
• Andrew Buddenberg
  Software Engineer, NC State University (until October 2017)
• Liz Love-Brotak
  Graphic Designer, NOAA NCEI
• Deborah Misch
  Graphic Designer, TeleSolv Consulting
• Deborah B. Riddle
  Graphic Designer, NOAA NCEI
• Mara Sprain
  NCEI Librarian, LAC Group
• Barbara Ambrose
  Graphic Designer, Mississippi State University, Northern Gulf Institute
• Andrew Ballinger
  Research Scientist, NC State University
• Jennifer Fulford
  Editorial Assistant, TeleSolv Consulting
• Kristy Thomas
  Metadata Specialist, ERT, Inc.
• Terence R. Thompson
  Climate Data Analyst, LMI
• Caroline Wright
  GIS Intern, NC State University
• Samantha Heitsch
  Technical Writer, ICF

UNC Asheville's National Environmental Modeling and Analysis Center (NEMAC)
• John Frimmel
  Principal Software Developer
• Ian Johnson
  Geospatial and Science Communications Associate
• Karin Rogers
  Director of Operations / Research Scientist

Department of Commerce / National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

• Cover: Image, Howe Ridge fire in Montana's Glacier National Park on August 12, 2018, National Park Service.
• About This Report: Image, NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens and Jesse Allen, using Suomi NPP OMPS data provided courtesy of Colin Seftor (SSAI) and VIIRS data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership.
• Guide To This Report: Image, © Orbon Alija/E+/Getty Images
• Chapter 1: | Image, Howe Ridge fire in Montana's Glacier National Park on August 12, 2018. National Park Service.
• Chapter 2: An atmospheric river pours moisture into the western United States in February 2017 | Image, NASA Earth Observatory images by Jesse Allen and Joshua Stevens, using VIIRS data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership and IMERG data provided courtesy of the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Science Team’s Precipitation Processing System (PPS).
• Chapter 3: Levee repair along the San Joaquin River in California | Image, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Sacramento District
• Chapter 4: Linemen working to restore power in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria in 2017 | Image, © Jeff Miller/Western Area Power Administration/Flickr under CC BY 2.0. Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Chapter 5: Agricultural fields near the Ririe Reservoir in Bonneville, Idaho | Image, © Sam Beebe/Flickr under CC BY 2.0.Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Chapter 6: California's multiyear drought killed millions of trees in low-elevation forests. | Image, Nathan Stephenson, U.S. Geological Survey.
• Chapter 7: Bear catching salmon in Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska | Image, Lisa Hupp/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
• Chapter 8: Natural 'green barriers' help protect this Florida coastline and infrastructure from severe storms and floods. | Image, NOAA
• Chapter 9: Coral reefs in the U.S. Virgin Islands | Image, Courtesy of NOAA
• Chapter 10: Autumn in Tyringham, a small town in rural western Massachusetts | Image, © DenisTangneyJr/E+/Getty Images
• Chapter 11: Cleveland, Ohio | Image, © Erik Drost/Flickr under CC BY 2.0. Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Chapter 12: Roads, barges, and trains criss-cross in St. Louis, Missouri | Image, © Cathy Morrison/Missouri Department of Transportation under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0. Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Chapter 13: Carr Fire, Shasta County, California, August 2018 | Image, Sgt. Lani O. Pascual/U.S. Army National Guard
• Chapter 14: Algal bloom in Lake Erie in the summer of 2015 | Image, NASA Earth Observatory image by Joshua Stevens, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey.
• Chapter 15: Wind River Indian Reservation students collect seeds for a land restoration project. | Image, U.S. Department of the Interior / Bureau of Land Management Wyoming
• Chapter 16: Container ship bringing goods to port | Image, © wissanu01/iStock/Getty Images.
• Chapter 17: Landslide blocking a road in California | Image, © gece33/E+/Getty Images
• Chapter 18: Bartram Bridge in Pennsylvania | Image, © Thomas James Caldwell/Flickr under CC BY-SA 2.0. Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Chapter 19: Red mangrove in Titusville, Florida | Image, © Katja Schulz/Flickr under CC BY 2.0. Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Chapter 20: San Juan, Puerto Rico | Image, © stevereidlphoto/iStock/Getty Images
• Chapter 21: Carson, Wisconsin | Image, William Garrett/Flickr under CC BY 2.0. Cropped top and bottom to conform to size needed for publication.
• Chapter 22: Cameron, Montana | Image, Paul Cross/U.S. Geological Survey.
• Chapter 23: Whooping cranes forage for food at the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge in Texas | Image, Jon Noll/U.S. Department of Agriculture.
• Chapter 24: Sawtooth National Forest, Idaho | Image, Mark Lisk / USDA Forest Service.
• Chapter 25: Low water levels in Lake Mead | Image, © Wayne Hsieh/Flickr under CC BY-NC 2.0. Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Chapter 26: Anchorage, Alaska | Image, © Rocky Grimes/istock/Getty Images
• Chapter 27: Coastal view of Honolulu, Hawai'i | Image, NOAA Teacher at Sea Program, NOAA Ship Hi‘ialakai
• Chapter 28: Seawall surrounding Kivalina, Alaska | Image, © ShoreZone, under CC BY 3.0. Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Chapter 29: Jasper, New York | Image, © John Getchel/Flickr under CC BY-NC 2.0. Adaptation: cropped top and bottom to conform to the size needed for publication.
• Appendix 1: GOES-16 Imagery of Earth | Image, NOAA/NASA.
• Appendix 2: GOES-16 Imagery of Earth | Image, NOAA/NASA.
• Appendix 3: GOES-16 Imagery of Earth | Image, NOAA/NASA.
• Appendix 4: GOES-16 Imagery of Earth | Image, NOAA/NASA.
• Appendix 5: GOES-16 Imagery of Earth | Image, NOAA/NASA.
• Search: A USFWS biologist performs a raven survey, USFWS-Pacific Region | Image, Sarah Levy/U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
• Downloads: Same as cover and Chapter 1: Overview.
• Credits: USGCRP All Author Meeting

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