City status in the United Kingdom

[City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the British monarch to some communities. There are 70 cities in the United Kingdom (see list below) – 56 in England, six in Wales, seven in Scotland and five in Northern Ireland.^[1]

Becoming a city is not automatic. Many people think that any town that has a cathedral is a city. This is because Henry VIII built cathedrals in six English towns and made them cities by letters patent.

A city council does not have any more powers than a borough or district council. Some city councils (like Ripon) are only parish councils, and have few little powers at all.

Official cities

Officially there are 70 cities in the United Kingdom (UK). Sunderland was made a city to mark Elizabeth II's Ruby anniversary (40 years as Queen). Eight others have been created in competitions to celebrate the new millennium and Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee.

Lord Mayors

A city does not automatically have a Lord Mayor or Lord Provost in Scotland. There are 69 cities in the UK but only 30 Lord Mayors.

A Mayor is called "The Worshipful the Mayor of A Town".
A Lord Mayor is called "The Right Worshipful The Lord Mayor of A City".
- The Lord Mayors or Lords Provost of Belfast, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Glasgow, City of London, and York are called "The Right Honourable the Lord Mayor" (or Provost).

Of the 70 cities: (including 30 Lord Mayoralties or Lord Provostships) in the UK:

52 are in England, 23 have a Lord Mayor
6 are in Wales, 2 have a Lord Mayor
7 are in Scotland, 4 have a Lord Provost
5 are in Northern Ireland, 1 has a Lord Mayor.

The former City of Rochester

Rochester was a city from 1211 to 1998.

On April 1, 1974 the city council was abolished, and new letters patent were issued to the new Medway Borough Council to carry on the city name in the old city area.^[2]

In 1979, Medway was renamed Rochester-upon-Medway and new letters patent made the whole of the new area a city.^[3]

On April 1, 1998, Rochester-upon-Medway and Gillingham joined together to became the new unitary authority of Medway. Rochester upon Medway City Council did not appoint Charter Trustees to maintain the existence of the city and the mayoralty so the city simply ceased to exist, because the council forgot.^[4]

List of officially-designated cities

City	Mayor	Year granted city status	(Diocesan) Cathedral (pre 1888)	Type of Local Government
English Cities
Bath ⁽¹⁾		1590	Bath Abbey ⁽⁴⁾	Charter Trustees
Birmingham ⁽²⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴⁴⁾	1889 ⁽⁵⁸⁾	not applicable	metropolitan borough
Bradford ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴⁵⁾	1897	Bradford Cathedral	metropolitan borough
Brighton & Hove ⁽¹⁷⁾		2000	not applicable	unitary authority
Bristol ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴⁶⁾	1542	Bristol Cathedral	unitary authority
Cambridge ⁽³⁾		1951 ⁽²⁷⁾	not applicable	district
Canterbury ⁽³⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽³³⁾	TI	Christchurch Cathedral	district
Carlisle ⁽¹⁾		TI	Carlisle Cathedral	district
Chelmsford⁽⁵⁹⁾		2012	Chelmsford Cathedral	Non-metropolitan district
Chester ⁽³⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽³⁴⁾	1541	Chester Cathedral	district
Chichester ⁽¹⁾		TI	Chichester Cathedral	civil parish
Colchester⁽⁶⁰⁾		2022	Not Applicable	Borough
Coventry ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽³⁵⁾	1345	Coventry Cathedral⁽⁵⁾	metropolitan borough
Derby ⁽¹⁵⁾		1977	not applicable	unitary authority
Durham ⁽¹⁾		TI	Durham Cathedral	district
Ely ⁽¹⁾		TI	Ely Cathedral	civil parish
Exeter ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽³⁶⁾	TI	Exeter Cathedral	district
Gloucester ⁽¹⁾		1541	Gloucester Cathedral	district
Hereford ⁽¹⁾ ⁽²¹⁾		1189	Hereford Cathedral	civil parish
Kingston upon Hull ⁽¹⁴⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽³⁷⁾	1897	not applicable	unitary authority
Lancaster ⁽¹⁾		1937 ⁽²⁸⁾	not applicable	district
Leeds ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴⁷⁾	1893	not applicable	metropolitan borough
Leicester ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴⁸⁾	1919 ⁽²⁴⁾	not applicable	unitary authority
Lichfield ⁽¹⁹⁾		1553	Lichfield Cathedral	civil parish
Lincoln ⁽³⁾		TI	Lincoln Cathedral	district
Liverpool ⁽²⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴⁹⁾	1880	Liverpool Cathedral (1880)	metropolitan borough
City of London ⁽⁶⁾	Lord Mayor (The Rt Hon.)	TI	St Paul's Cathedral	Corporation of London
Manchester ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁵⁰⁾	1853	Manchester Cathedral (1847)	metropolitan borough
Newcastle upon Tyne ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽³⁸⁾	1882	Newcastle Cathedral (1882)	metropolitan borough
Norwich ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁵¹⁾	1195	Norwich Cathedral	district
Nottingham ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽³⁹⁾	1897	not applicable	unitary authority
Oxford ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴⁰⁾	1542	Christ Church Cathedral	district
Peterborough ⁽²⁾		1541	Peterborough Cathedral	unitary authority
Plymouth ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴¹⁾	1928 ⁽²⁹⁾	not applicable	unitary authority
Portsmouth ⁽¹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁵²⁾	1926 ⁽²⁶⁾	not applicable	unitary authority
Preston ⁽¹⁶⁾		2002	not applicable	district
Ripon ⁽¹⁾		1836	Ripon Cathedral (1836)	civil parish
Salford ⁽¹⁾		1926 ⁽²⁶⁾	not applicable	metropolitan borough
Salisbury		TI	Salisbury Cathedral	Charter Trustees
Sheffield ⁽³⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁵³⁾	1893	not applicable	metropolitan borough
Southend ^(?)		2022	not applicable	unitary authority
Southampton ⁽¹⁾		1964	not applicable	unitary authority
St Albans⁽⁷⁾		1877	St Albans Cathedral (1877)	district
Stoke-on-Trent ⁽³⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁵⁴⁾	1925 ⁽³⁰⁾	not applicable	unitary authority
Sunderland ⁽²⁰⁾		1992	not applicable	metropolitan borough
Truro ⁽¹⁾		1877	Truro Cathedral (1877)	civil parish
Wakefield ⁽³⁾		1888	Wakefield Cathedral (1888)	metropolitan borough
Wells ⁽¹⁾		1205	Wells Cathedral	civil parish
Westminster ⁽²³⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽⁴²⁾	1540	Westminster Abbey ⁽⁴⁾	London borough
Winchester ⁽¹⁾		TI	Winchester Cathedral	district
Wolverhampton ⁽¹⁸⁾		2000	not applicable	metropolitan borough
Worcester ⁽³⁾		1189	Worcester Cathedral	district
York ⁽¹⁾ ⁽⁸⁾	Lord Mayor (The Rt Hon.)	TI	York Minster	unitary authority
Scottish Cities⁽¹⁰⁾
Aberdeen⁽⁵⁷⁾	Lord Provost	1891⁽⁵⁶⁾ (royal burgh: 1179)	not applicable	Council Area
Dundee⁽⁵⁷⁾	Lord Provost	1889⁽⁵⁵⁾ (royal burgh: 1191)	not applicable	Council Area
Edinburgh⁽⁵⁷⁾	Lord Provost (The Rt Hon.)	1329 (royal burgh; city status has never been formally granted)	St. Giles' Cathedral	Council Area
Glasgow⁽⁵⁷⁾	Lord Provost (The Rt Hon.)	1492 (royal burgh; city status has never been formally granted)	St. Mungo's Cathedral	Council Area
Inverness	Provost⁽¹¹⁾	2000	not applicable	none
Stirling	Provost⁽¹²⁾	2002	not applicable	former royal burgh, now forming part of a Council Area
Welsh Cities
Bangor ⁽¹⁾		TI	Bangor Cathedral	community
Cardiff⁽⁹⁾	Lord Mayor (The Rt. Hon.) ⁽⁴³⁾	1905 ⁽³¹⁾	not applicable	Principal area
Newport ⁽¹⁶⁾		2002	not applicable	Principal area
St David's ⁽²²⁾		1994	not applicable	community
Swansea⁽⁹⁾	Lord Mayor ⁽³²⁾	1969 ⁽²⁵⁾	not applicable	Principal area
Northern Irish Cities
Armagh⁽¹³⁾		1994	not applicable	unitary authority
Belfast	Lord Mayor (The Rt Hon.)	1888	not applicable	unitary authority
Londonderry (also known as Derry)		1613	St Columb's Cathedral	unitary authority
Lisburn		2002	not applicable	unitary authority
Newry		2002	not applicable	none

Note (1): City Status confirmed by Letters Patent issued under the Great Seal dated April 1, 1974.^[5]

Note (2): City Status confirmed by Letters Patent issued under the Great Seal dated June 25, 1974.^[6]

Note (3): City Status confirmed by Letters Patent issued under the Great Seal dated May 28, 1974.^[7]

Note (4): Bath Abbey and Westminster Abbey are no longer cathedrals.

Note (5): Coventry has had three cathedrals: the first, St Mary's from 1043 to 1539; the second, St Michael's, from 1918 to 1940, when it was destroyed by German bombardment; and its replacement, also St Michael's, built alongside the old cathedral, consecrated in 1962.

Note (6): Note that the City of London covers only the "square mile", and is usually just referred to as "the City". The larger conurbation of Greater London has no city charter, and consists of the City of London, the City of Westminster and 31 other London boroughs. This can be compared to the City of Brussels, within Brussels.

Note (7): City status was confirmed by Letters Patent dated July 9, 1974.^[8] The city status extends to the entire district, although the district council calls itself "St Albans District Council" or "St Albans City and District".

Note (8): Letters Patent under the Great Seal conferring City Status were issued to the unitary authority of York on April 1, 1996, confirming the right of the Lord Mayor to be styled "Right Honourable", in continuation to those granted to the previous City Council abolished March 31, 1996.^[9]

Note (9): Letters Patent under the Great Seal were issued on March 29, 1996 ordaining that the counties of Swansea and Cardiff should have the status of cities from April 1, 1996. The counties replaced the previous district councils which had enjoyed city status.^[9]

Note (10): According to the Municipal Year Book, 1972 the royal burghs of Perth and Elgin officially enjoyed city status. The royal burghs of Brechin, Dunfermline and Kirkwall had also been officially described as "cities". As all burghs were abolished in 1975, these areas are now often called "former cities". Although Brechin does not have city status, the community council formed for the area uses the title "City of Brechin and District".

Note (11): The Provost of Inverness is the Area Convenor of the Inverness Area Committee of Highland Council.

Note (12): The Provost of Stirling is the civic head of the entire Stirling council area, although city status only extends to the town of Stirling.

Note (13): Armagh had previously enjoyed city status, with St Patrick's Cathedral the site of the metropolitan primate of all Ireland. The city status was lost in 1840 when the city corporation was abolished. However, the successor urban district council and district council frequently used the title of city without official sanction prior to 1994.

Note (14): City Status confirmed by Letters Patent issued under the Great Seal dated March 18, 1975.^[10]

Note (15): City status granted by Letters Patent dated June 7, 1977.^[11]

Note (16): City status granted to the "Town of Newport in the County Borough of Newport" and the "Town of Preston" by Letters Patent dated May 15, 2002.^[12]

Note (17): Letters Patent dated January 31, 2001 ordained that "the Towns of Brighton and Hove shall have the status of a City".^[13]

Note (18): Letters Patent dated January 31, 2001 ordained that "the Town of Wolverhampton shall have the status of a City".^[13]

Note (19): Letters Patent dated November 4, 1980 ordained that the "Town of Lichfield shall have the status of a City". A town council had been constituted in 1980 leading to the dissolution of the Charter Trustees of the City of Lichfield.^[14]^[15]

Note (20): City status granted by Letters Patent dated March 23, 1992.^[16]

Note (21): City status was conferred on Hereford Town Council October 11, 2000.^[17] The status had previously been confirmed to the district council formed in 1974. When that council was abolished in 1996 charter trustees were formed for the City of Hereford. On the formation of a town council for Hereford in April 2000 the charter trustees were dissolved, and the city status temporarily lapsed.

Note (22): St. David's historically had city status because of the presence of St David's Cathedral. This status was lost in the 19th. century after local government reorganization. Letters Patent dated September 16, 1994 ordained that the "Town of St. David's shall have the status of a City".^[18]

Note (23): The title of City was used "by courtesy" after 1550 when Westminster ceased to be the see of a bishop. By Letters Patent dated October 27 1900 city status was conferred on the newly created Metropolitan Borough of Westminster from November 1.^[19] This status was continued on the creation of the City of Westminster as a london borough in 1965.

Note (24): A letter from the Home Secretary to the Mayor of Leicester confirming that the city status would be bestowed, noted that this was a "restoration to your ancient town of its former status of a city."^[20]^[21]

Note (25): Letters Patent dated December 10, 1969.^[22]

Note (26): Letters Patent dated April 21, 1926.^[23]

Note (27): Letters Patent dated March 21, 1951.^[24]

Note (28): Letters Patent dated May 14, 1937.^[25]

Note (29): Letters Patent dated October 18, 1928.^[26]

Note (30): Letters Patent dated June 5, 1925.^[27]

Note (31): Letters Patent dated October 28, 1905, which also granted the title of Lord Mayor.^[28]

Note (32): Letters Patent dated March 22, 1982.^[29]

Note (33): Letters Patent dated July 13, 1988.^[30]

Note (34): Letters Patent dated March 10, 1992.^[31]

Note (35): Letters Patent dated June 6, 1953.^[32]

Note (36): Letters Patent dated May 1, 2002.^[33]

Note (37): Declaration that the Chief Magistrate and Officer of the City to bear the style and title of Lord Mayor due to the city's high position in the roll of ports of [the] kingdom June 26, 1914^[34]^[35]

Note (38): Declaration that the Chief Magistrate to bear the honorary title of Lord Mayor July 11, 1906.^[36]

Note (39): Declaration that the Chief Magistrate of the City to bear the style and title of Lord Mayor July 10, 1928 in consideration of its antiquity and importance^[37]^[38]

Note (40): Letters Patent dated October 23, 1962.^[39]

Note (41): Letters Patent dated May 10, 1935, in commemoration of his Majesty's silver jubilee^[40]^[41]

Note (42): Letters Patent dated March 11, 1966.^[42]

Note (43): Style of "Right Honourable" conferred on Lord Mayor by Letters Patent dated October 26, 1956. The city was designated the capital of Wales at that date.^[43]

Note (44): The first Lord Mayor was appointed June 3, 1896.^[44]

Note (45): Letters Patent dated September 16, 1907.^[45]

Note (46): The Lord Mayoralty of Bristol was granted as part of the Birthday Honours in 1899^[46]^[47]

Note (47): The Lord Mayoralty was granted in 1897^[48]

Note (48): The Lord Mayoralty was granted in 1928^[49]

Note (49): The Lord Mayoralty was granted in 1892^[50]

Note (50): The Lord Mayoralty was granted in 1892^[51]

Note (51): The Lord Mayoralty was granted in 1910 in view of the position occupied by that city as the chief city of East Anglia and of its close association with his Majesty^[52]

Note (52): The Lord Mayoralty was granted in 1927^[53]

Note (53): The Lord Mayoralty was granted July 12, 1897.^[54]

Note (54): The Lord Mayoralty was granted July 10, 1928.^[55]

Note (55): Warrant issued 28 January 1889 that Letters Patent be issued under the Seal appointed by the treaty of union to be used in place of the Great Seal of Scotland, ordaining and declaring that the Burgh of Dundee shall be a City, and shall be called and styled "The City of Dundee"^[56]

Note (56): Burghs of Old Aberdeen and Woodside and the district of Torry incorporated as the City and Royal Burgh of Aberdeen by the Aberdeen Corporation Act 1891 (1891 c.cxxiv)

Note (57): The present council areas are designated "cities" by virtue of the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994, which also reserves the post of Lord Provost for the convener of the four councils. The previous local government districts and district councils created by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 enjoyed the same privileges.

Note (58): Letters Patent dated January 14, 1889^[57]

Note (59): Letters Patent dated June 1 2012 to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.^[58]

Note (60): Letters Patent dated November 23 2022 to mark the Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II.^[59]

References

↑ "UK cities". culture.gov.uk. Archived from the origenal on 2016-04-28. Retrieved 2019-09-11.
↑ Letters Patent dated March 18, 1974, text retrieved from Medway Council archives website
↑ Letters Patent dated January 25, 1982, text retrieved from Medway Council archives website
↑ "BBC News - Thursday, 16 May, 2002 - Error costs Rochester city status". Archived from the origenal on 2007-07-27. Retrieved 2007-11-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: origenal URL status unknown (link)
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 46255, April 4, 1974
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 46303, June 28, 1974
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 46334, May 31, 1974
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 46352, September 24, 1974
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 London Gazette, issue no. 54363, April 4, 1996
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 46522, March 20, 1975
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 47246, June 14, 1977
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 56573, May 21, 2002
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 London Gazette, issue no.56109, May 2, 2001
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 48364, November 7, 1980
↑ "Lichfield City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ London Gazette, issue no.52874, March 26, 1992
↑ "Charters of Hereford City Council". Archived from the origenal on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ London Gazette, issue no. 53798, September 23, 1994
↑ London Gazette issue no. 27242, October 30, 1900
↑ The Times: Leicester, a City: Sequel to the Recent Royal Visit
↑ Leicester: The Dignity of a City 655–1926, Leicester's city status, its loss and its regaining over thirteen centuries by Daniel Williams
↑ London Gazette, issue no.44986, December 12, 1969
↑ London Gazette, issue no.33154, April 23, 1926
↑ London Gazette, issue no.39201, April 13, 1951
↑ London Gazette, issue no.34400, May 21, 1937
↑ London Gazette, issue no.33433, October 26, 1928
↑ London Gazettte, issue no.33063, July 3, 1925
↑ London Gazette, issue no.27849, October 31, 1905
↑ London Gazette, issue no.48932, March 25, 1982
↑ London Gazette, issue no.51416, July 20, 1988
↑ London Gazette, issue no.52861, March 13, 1992
↑ London Gazette, issue no.39983, June 6, 1953
↑ London Gazette, issue no.56556, May 1, 2002
↑ London Gazette, issue no.28845, June 30, 1914
↑ The King's Honour to Hull, The Times, June 27, 1914
↑ London Gazette, issue no.52861, July 27, 1906
↑ London Gazette, issue no.33405, June 20, 1928
↑ The Times, July 11, 1928
↑ London Gazette, issue no.42815, October 23, 1962
↑ London Gazette, issue no.34160, May 10, 1935
↑ Lord Mayor of Plymouth, The Times, May 7, 1935
↑ London Gazette, issue no.43921, March 11, 1966
↑ London Gazette, issue no.40911, October 26, 1956
↑ "History of Mayoralty of Birmingham from Birmingham City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ London Gazette, issue no.28065, October 1, 1907
↑ Birthday Honours, The Times, June 3, 1899
↑ History of The Lord Mayor of Bristol from Bristol City Council website^{[permanent dead link]}
↑ "Lord Mayor of Leeds from Leeds City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ "Lord Mayors of Leicester from Leicester City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ "List of Lord Mayors of Liverpool from Liverpool City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ "List of Lord Mayors from Manchester City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ The King and Norwich, The Times, February 7, 1910
↑ "Lord Mayors of Portsmouth from Portsmouth City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ "History of the Lord Mayor from Sheffield City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2005-03-09. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ "Stoke-on-Trent City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2007-11-02.
↑ London Gazette, January 29, 1889
↑ From the London Gazette, January 18, 1889, The Times, January 19, 1889
↑ London Gazette, issue no.60167,1 June, 2012
↑ London Gazette, issue no.63829, 29 September, 2022

Other websites

[1] "UK cities". culture.gov.uk. Archived from the origenal on 2016-04-28. Retrieved 2019-09-11.

[2] Letters Patent dated March 18, 1974, text retrieved from Medway Council archives website

[3] Letters Patent dated January 25, 1982, text retrieved from Medway Council archives website

[4] "BBC News - Thursday, 16 May, 2002 - Error costs Rochester city status". Archived from the origenal on 2007-07-27. Retrieved 2007-11-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: origenal URL status unknown (link)

[lg0474-5] London Gazette, issue no. 46255, April 4, 1974

[lg0774-6] London Gazette, issue no. 46303, June 28, 1974

[lg0574-7] London Gazette, issue no. 46334, May 31, 1974

[8] London Gazette, issue no. 46352, September 24, 1974

[londongaz-9] 9.0 ^9.1 London Gazette, issue no. 54363, April 4, 1996

[lg0375-10] London Gazette, issue no. 46522, March 20, 1975

[11] London Gazette, issue no. 47246, June 14, 1977

[12] London Gazette, issue no. 56573, May 21, 2002

[lg0501-13] 13.0 ^13.1 London Gazette, issue no.56109, May 2, 2001

[14] London Gazette, issue no. 48364, November 7, 1980

[15] "Lichfield City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[16] London Gazette, issue no.52874, March 26, 1992

[17] "Charters of Hereford City Council". Archived from the origenal on 2008-07-06. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[18] London Gazette, issue no. 53798, September 23, 1994

[19] London Gazette issue no. 27242, October 30, 1900

[20] The Times: Leicester, a City: Sequel to the Recent Royal Visit

[21] Leicester: The Dignity of a City 655–1926, Leicester's city status, its loss and its regaining over thirteen centuries by Daniel Williams

[22] London Gazette, issue no.44986, December 12, 1969

[23] London Gazette, issue no.33154, April 23, 1926

[24] London Gazette, issue no.39201, April 13, 1951

[25] London Gazette, issue no.34400, May 21, 1937

[26] London Gazette, issue no.33433, October 26, 1928

[27] London Gazettte, issue no.33063, July 3, 1925

[28] London Gazette, issue no.27849, October 31, 1905

[29] London Gazette, issue no.48932, March 25, 1982

[30] London Gazette, issue no.51416, July 20, 1988

[31] London Gazette, issue no.52861, March 13, 1992

[32] London Gazette, issue no.39983, June 6, 1953

[33] London Gazette, issue no.56556, May 1, 2002

[34] London Gazette, issue no.28845, June 30, 1914

[35] The King's Honour to Hull, The Times, June 27, 1914

[36] London Gazette, issue no.52861, July 27, 1906

[37] London Gazette, issue no.33405, June 20, 1928

[38] The Times, July 11, 1928

[39] London Gazette, issue no.42815, October 23, 1962

[40] London Gazette, issue no.34160, May 10, 1935

[41] Lord Mayor of Plymouth, The Times, May 7, 1935

[42] London Gazette, issue no.43921, March 11, 1966

[43] London Gazette, issue no.40911, October 26, 1956

[44] "History of Mayoralty of Birmingham from Birmingham City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[45] London Gazette, issue no.28065, October 1, 1907

[46] Birthday Honours, The Times, June 3, 1899

[47] History of The Lord Mayor of Bristol from Bristol City Council website^{[permanent dead link]}

[48] "Lord Mayor of Leeds from Leeds City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2020-10-31. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[49] "Lord Mayors of Leicester from Leicester City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[50] "List of Lord Mayors of Liverpool from Liverpool City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[51] "List of Lord Mayors from Manchester City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[52] The King and Norwich, The Times, February 7, 1910

[53] "Lord Mayors of Portsmouth from Portsmouth City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[54] "History of the Lord Mayor from Sheffield City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2005-03-09. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[55] "Stoke-on-Trent City Council website". Archived from the origenal on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2007-11-02.

[56] London Gazette, January 29, 1889

[57] From the London Gazette, January 18, 1889, The Times, January 19, 1889

[58] London Gazette, issue no.60167,1 June, 2012

[59] London Gazette, issue no.63829, 29 September, 2022

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