Wakurdi

Wakurdi
Kurd کورد

Roj emblem.svg
Watu kwa jumla
milioni 30–40 (The World Factbook, 2015 estimate) milioni 36.4–45.6 (Kurdish Institute of Paris, 2017 estimate)
Maeneo penye idadi kubwa kiasi
Maeneo ambako Wakurdi wako wakazi asilia Uturuki est. 14.3–20 million Uajemi est. 8.2–12 million Iraq est. 5.6–8.5 million Syria est. 2–3.6 million Wakurdi nje ya maeneo ya asili (nje ya Kurdistan penyewe) 2 million Ujerumani 800,000 Ufaransa 150,000 Uswidi 83,600 Uholanzi 70,000 Ubelgiji 50,000 Urusi 63,800 Ufalme wa Muungano 50,000 Kazakhstan 42,300 Uswisi 35,000 Denmark 30,000 Jordan 30,000 Austria 23,000 Ugiriki 22,000 Marekani 15,400 Georgia 13,861 Kyrgyzstan 13,200 Kanada 11,685 Ufini 10,700 Australia 7,000 Azerbaijan 6,100 Armenia 2,162
Makundi yaliyo karibu kiukoo au kiutamaduni
Other Iranian peoples

Wakurdi (kwa Kikurdi: گەلی کورد, Gelî kurd) ni watu wanaotumia lugha ya Kikurdi, moja kati ya lugha za Kihindi-Kiajemi wanaoishi hasa Mashariki ya Kati.

Kurdistan

Eneo lao linaitwa mara nyingi Kurdistan na limegawanyika kisiasa kati ya nchi za Uturuki mashariki, Iran kaskazini magharibi, Iraq kaskazini na Syria kaskazini.

Hadi Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia, Wakurdi wengi waliishi ndani ya maeneo ya Milki ya Osmani, idadi ndogo zaidi walitawaliwa na Uajemi. Milki zote mbili zilikuwa milki za Kiislamu ambako hakukuwa na mkazo wa utaifa au utamaduni maalumu. Hawakuwa na historia ya kujitazama kama taifa la pamoja wakiishi katika utaratibu wa jamii za kikabila zilizojitegemea na kutunza kiwango cha uhuru kutoka serikali za milki walimoishi.

Katika kongamano la kupatana amani baada ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza suala la Wakurdi lilijadiliwa lakini bila kupata suluhisho. Waligawanywa tu.

Baada ya ugawaji wa Milki ya Osmani mwaka 1918 walijikuta katika nchi ambako watu wengi walikuwa ama Waturuki, Waarabu au Waajemi walioathiriwa na itikadi ya utaifa. Wakurdi waliambiwa kujitazama kama raia wa nchi hizo na hivyo kuwa Waturuki, Waarabu au Waajemi. Hasa ndani ya Uturuki chini ya rais wa kwanza Ataturk kuwepo kwa Wakurdi kulikanwa, wenyewe waliitwa "Waturuki wa milimani". pote walikataliwa kuwa na shule ambako watoto wao wangejifunza lugha ya Kikurdi.

Katika historia hii uko msingi wa upinzani wa Wakurdi uliotokea katika nchi zote wanapoishi kiasili.

Idadi

Idadi yao inakadiriwa kuwa milioni 30-45. Ndilo taifa kubwa kuliko lote duniani lisilo na nchi huru ya kwao.

Lugha na dini

Lugha yao ni Kikurdi, chenye lahaja mbalimbali.

Wengi wao hufuata dini ya Uislamu (hasa madhehebu ya Wasunni), lakini wako pia wafuasi wa dini ya jadi wanaoitwa Wayazidi, wafuasi wa imani ya pekee ya Ahl-e Hak, halafu Wakristo, Wayahudi na Wazoroasta wachache.

Vyanzo

• Aslanian, Sebouh (2011). From the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean: The Global Trade Networks of Armenian Merchants from New Julfa. California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520947573. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Blow, David (2009). Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0857716767. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Bournoutian, George (2002). A Concise History of the Armenian People: (from Ancient Times to the Present) (tol. la 2). Mazda Publishers. uk. 208. ISBN 978-1568591414. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Floor, Willem; Herzig, Edmund (2012). Iran and the World in the Safavid Age. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1850439301. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Barth, F. 1953. Principles of Social Organization in Southern Kurdistan. Bulletin of the University Ethnographic Museum 7. Oslo.
• Hansen, H.H. 1961. The Kurdish Woman's Life. Copenhagen. Ethnographic Museum Record 7:1–213.
• Leach, E.R. 1938. Social and Economic Organization of the Rowanduz Kurds. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology 3:1–74.
• Longrigg, S.H. 1953. Iraq, 1900–1950. London.
• Masters, W.M. 1953. Rowanduz. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
• McKiernan, Kevin. 2006. The Kurds, a People in Search of Their Homeland. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN|978-0-312-32546-6
• Mikaberidze, Alexander (2015). Historical Dictionary of Georgia (tol. la 2). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442241466. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Matthee, Rudi. "ŠAYḴ-ʿALI KHAN ZANGANA". Encyclopaedia Iranica. http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/shaykh-ali-khan.

Marejeo mengine

• Samir Amin (October 2016). The Kurdish Question Then and Now, in Monthly Review, Volume 68, Issue 05
• A People Without a State: The Kurds from the Rise of Islam to the Dawn of Nationalism, by Michael Eppel, 2016, University of Texas Press

Historia

• Maxwell, Alexander; Smith, Tim (2015). "Positing 'not-yet-nationalism': limits to the impact of nationalism theory on Kurdish historiography". Nationalities Papers. 43 (5): 771–787. doi:10.1080/00905992.2015.1049135.

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Wakurdi

• Kurds, Encyclopædia Britannica.
• Kurd, Encyclopædia Britannica.
• The Kurds: People without a country, Encyclopædia Britannica.
• The Kurdish Institute of Paris Kurdish language, history, books and latest news articles.
• The Encyclopaedia of Kurdistan
• Istanbul Kurdish Institute Ilihifadhiwa 24 Septemba 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• The Kurdish Center of International Pen Ilihifadhiwa 17 Julai 2006 kwenye Wayback Machine.
• Kurdish Library, supported by the Swedish Government.
• Ethnic Cleansing and the Kurds
• The Kurds in the Ottoman Hungary by Zurab Aloian
• "The Other Iraq" Kurdish Information Website

Suala la Wakurdi nchini Uturuki

• A report on the Kurdish IDP's – 2005
• A German newspaper's take on the Kurdish issue – 2005
• The Guardian – What's in a name? Too much in Turkey – 2001