Publications

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Publications | Earth Observing Laboratory

TOGA COARE Publications

Publications Theses Reports Conference Proceedings

Theses

Reports

Conference Proceedings

Publications

Atlas, D., C. W. Ulbrich, F. D. Marks Jr., R. A. Black, E. Amitai, P. T. Willis, and C. E. Samsury, 2000: Partitioning tropical oceanic convective and stratiform rains by draft strength. J. Geophys. Res., 105(D2), 2259-2267, doi:10.1029/1999JD901009.

Publications

Bechtold, P., J.-L. Redelsperger, I. Beau, M. Blackburn, S. Brinkop, J.-Y. Grandper, A. Grant, D. Gregory, F. Guichard, C. How, and E. Ioannidou, 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during toga-coare. II: Intercomparison of single-column models and a cloud-resolving model. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126: 865-888, doi:10.1002/qj.49712656405.

Publications

Beirle, S., M. Salzmann, M. G. Lawrence, and T. Wagner, 2009: Sensitivity of satellite observations for freshly produced lightning NOx. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1077-1094, doi:10.5194/acp-9-1077-2009.

Publications

Bell, T. L., and P. K. Kundu, 2000: Comparing satellite rainfall estimates with rain gauge data: Optimal strategies suggested by a spectral model. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4121, doi:10.1029/2002JD002641.

Publications

Bergman, J. W., and P. D. Sardeshmukh, 2004: Dynamic Stabilization of Atmospheric Single Column Models. J. Climate, 17, 1004-1021, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1004:DSOASC>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Bernie, D. J., S. J. Woolnough, J. M. Slingo, and E. Guilyardi, 2005: Modeling Diurnal and Intraseasonal Variability of the Ocean Mixed Layer. J. Climate, 18, 1190-1202, doi:10.1175/JCLI3319.1.

Publications

Birol, K. A., and H. E. Hurlburt, 2002: Air-Sea Flux Estimates And The 1997-1998 Enso Event. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 103, 439-458, doi:10.1023/A:1014945408605.

Publications

Blender, R., K. Fraedrich, and F. Sienz, 2008: Extreme event return times in long-term memory processes near 1/f. Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 15, 557-565, doi:10.5194/npg-15-557-2008.

Publications

Bony, S., and K. A. Emanuel, 2001: A Parameterization of the Cloudiness Associated with Cumulus Convection; Evaluation Using TOGA COARE Data. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3158-3183, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3158:APOTCA>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Bony, S., C. Risi, and F. Vimeux, 2008: Influence of convective processes on the isotopic composition (δ18O and δD) of precipitation and water vapor in the tropics: 1. Radiative-convective equilibrium and Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere-Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D19305, doi:10.1029/2008JD009942.

Publications

Bousquet, O., and M. Chong, 2000: The oceanic mesoscale convective system and associated mesovortex observed 12 December 1992 during TOGA-COARE. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126: 189-211, doi:10.1002/qj.49712656210.

Publications

Boyle, J., S. Klein, G. Zhang, S. Xie, and X. Wei, 2008: Climate Model Forecast Experiments for TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 808-832, doi:10.1175/2007MWR2145.1

Publications

Bradley, E. F., and R. A. Weller, 1995: Joint Workshop of the TOGA COARE Flux and Atmospheric Working Groups Boulder, CO USA 11-13 July 1995. 35 pp.

Publications

Bradley, E. F., and R. A. Weller, 1995: Third Workshop of the TOGA COARE Air-sea Interaction (Flux) Working Group East-West Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA 2-4 August 1995. 35 pp.

Publications

Bradley, E. F., J. S. Godfrey, P. A. Coppin, and J. A. Butt, 1993: Observations of Net Heat Flux Into the Surface Mixed Layer of the Western Equatorial Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 98(C12), 22,521-22,532, doi:10.1029/93JC01855.

Publications

Brown, R. G., and C. Zhang, 1997: Variability of Midtropospheric Moisture and Its Effect on Cloud-Top Height Distribution during TOGA COARE*. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2760-2774, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2760:VOMMAI>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Burns, S. P., et al., 1999: Comparisons of aircraft, ship, and buoy meteorological measurements from TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 104(D24), 30,853-30,883, doi:10.1029/1999JD900934.

Publications

Burns, S. P., et al., 2000: Comparisons of aircraft, ship, and buoy radiation and SST measurements from TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 105(D12), 15,627-15,652, doi:10.1029/2000JD900090.

Publications

Carr, M. T., and C. S. Bretherton, 2001: Convective Momentum Transport over the Tropical Pacific: Budget Estimates. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1673-1693, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1673:CMTOTT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Chen, B., and M. Yanai, 2000: Comparison of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) during the TOGA COARE IOP with a 15-year climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D2), 2139-2149, doi:10.1029/1999JD901045.

Publications

Chen, S. S., R. A. Houze, and B. E. Mapes, 1996: Multiscale Variability of Deep Convection In Realation to Large-Scale Circulation in TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1380-1409, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1380:MVODCI>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Chong, M., and O. Bousquet, 1999: A Mesovortex within a Near-Equatorial Mesoscale Convective System during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1145-1156, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1145:AMWANE>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Chou, M.-D., and W. Zhao, 1997: Estimation and Model Validation of Surface Solar Radiation and Cloud Radiative Forcing Using TOGA COARE Measurements. J. Climate, 10, 610-620, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0610:EAMVOS>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Chou, M.-D., W. Zhao, and S.-H. Chou, 1998: Radiation budgets and cloud radiative forcing in the Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 103(D14), 16,967-16,977, doi:10.1029/98JD01453.

Publications

Chou, S.-H., W. Zhao, and M.-D. Chou, 2000: Surface Heat Budgets and Sea Surface Temperature in the Pacific Warm Pool during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 13, 634-649, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0634:SHBASS>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Ciesielski, P. E., L. M. Hartten, and R. H. Johnson, 1997: Impacts of Merging Profiler and Rawinsonde Winds on TOGA COARE Analyses. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 14, 1264-1279, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1997)014<1264:IOMPAR>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Ciesielski, P. E., R. H. Johnson, P. T. Haertel, and J. Wang, 2003: Corrected TOGA COARE Sounding Humidity Data: Impact on Diagnosed Properties of Convection and Climate over the Warm Pool. J. Climate, 16, 2370-2384, doi:10.1175/2790.1.

Publications

Clayson, C. A., A. Chen, 2002: Sensitivity of a Coupled Single-Column Model in the Tropics to Treatment of the Interfacial Parameterizations. J. Climate, 15, 1805-1831, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1805:SOACSC>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Cornwall, C. R., C. L. Combs, J. M. Davis, G. L. Stephens, and S. K. Cox, 1993: CSU Radiation Budget Pilot Study for TOGA COARE. 60 pp.

Publications

Cui, X., and X. Li, and 2006: Role of surface evaporation in surface rainfall processes. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17112, doi:10.1029/2005JD006876.

Publications

Cui, X., Y. Zhou, and X. Li, 2007: Cloud microphysical properties in tropical convective and stratiform regions. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 98, 1-11, doi:10.1007/s00703-006-0228-1.

Publications

Cui, X.-P., 2008: A phase analysis of vorticity vectors associated with tropical convection. Chinese Phys. B, 17,2304-2310, doi:10.1088/1674-1056/17/6/062.

Publications

Curry, J. A., C. A. Clayson, W. B. Rossow, R. Reeder, Y-C. Zhang, P. J. Webster, G. Liu, and R-S. Sheu, 1999: High-Resolution Satellite-Derived Dataset of the Surface Fluxes of Heat, Freshwater, and Momentum for the TOGA COARE IOP. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2059-2080, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<2059:HRSDDO>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Deidda, R., M. G. Badas, and E. Piga, 2004: Space-time scaling in high-intensity Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA-COARE) storms. Water Resour. Res., 40, W02506, doi:10.1029/2003WR002574.

Publications

Deidda, R., M. Grazia Badas, and E. Piga, 2006: Space-time multifractality of remotely sensed rainfall fields. J. Hydrol., 322, 2-13, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.02.036.

Publications

Delecluse, P., and G. Madec, 1997: Impact of westerly wind bursts on the warm pool of the TOGA-COARE domain in an OGCM. 14, 55-70, doi:10.1007/s003820050208.

Publications

DeMott, C. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: The Vertical Structure of TOGA COARE Convection. Part I: Radar Echo Distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2730-2747, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2730:TVSOTC>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

DeMott, C. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: The Vertical Structure of TOGA COARE Convection. Part II: Modulating Influences and Implications for Diabatic Heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2748-2762, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2748:TVSOTC>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Dourado, M., and G. Caniaux, 2003: Surface salinity budget in oceanic simulation using data from TOGA COARE, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C5), 3135, doi:10.1029/2001JC001013.

Publications

Durden, S. L., and Z. S. Haddad, 1998: Comparison of Radar Rainfall Retrieval Algorithms in Convective Rain during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 1091-1096, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1998)015<1091:CORRRA>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Ebert, E. E., and M. J. Manton, 1998: Performance of Satellite Rainfall Estimation Algorithms during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1537-1557, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<1537:POSREA>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Esbensen, S. K., and M. J. McPhaden, 1996: Enhancement of Tropical Ocean Evaporation and Sensible Heat Flux by Atmospheric Mesoscale Systems. J. Climate, 9, 2307-2325, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<2307:EOTOEA>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Feng, M., P. Hacker, and R. Lukas, 1998: Upper ocean heat and salt balances in response to a westerly wind burst in the western equatorial Pacific during TOGA COARE. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C5), 10,289-10,311, doi:10.1029/97JC03286.

Publications

Feng, M., R. Lukas, P. Hacker, R. A. Weller, and S. P. Anderson, 2000: Upper-Ocean Heat and Salt Balances in the Western Equatorial Pacific in Response to the Intraseasonal Oscillation during TOGA COARE*. J. Climate, 13, 2409-2427, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2409:UOHASB>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Fierro, A. O., J. Simpson, M. A. LeMone, J. M. Straka, and B. F. Smull, 2009: On How Hot Towers Fuel the Hadley Cell: An Observational and Modeling Study of Line-Organized Convection in the Equatorial Trough from TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2730-2746, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009JAS3017.1.

Publications

Fierro, A. O., L. M. Leslie, E. R. Mansell, and J. M. Straka, 2008: Numerical Simulations of the Microphysics and Electrification of the Weakly Electrified 9 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line: Comparisons with Observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136, 364-379, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2156.1.

Publications

Fiorino, M., S. J. Lord, W. K.-M. Lau, P. A. Phoebus, and C. G. Strey, 1993: A Synoptic-scale Overview of the TOGA COARE Intensive Observing Period November 1992 to February 1993 Based on Analyses from US Operational Global Data Assimilation Systems. NASA Technical Memorandum 104593, 289 pp.

Publications

Flament, P., and R. Bernstein, 1993: Images from the GMS-4 Satellite during TOGA-COARE: November 1992 to February 1993. Technical Report Technical report (University of Hawaii at Manoa. School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, 20 pp.

Publications

Fraedrich, K., J. L. McBride, W. M. Frank, and R. Wang, 1997: Extended EOF Analysis of Tropical Disturbances: TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2363-2372, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2363:EEAOTD>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Frank, W. M., H. Wang, and J. L. McBride, 1996: Rawinsonde Budget Analyses during the TOGA COARE IOP. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1761-1780, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1761:RBADTT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Gao, S., and X. Li, 2010: Effects of time-dependent large-scale forcing, solar zenith angle, and sea surface temperature on time-mean tropical rainfall processes. Meteorol. Atmos.Phys., 106, 95-105, doi: 10.1007/s00703-009-0053-4.

Publications

Gao, S., and X. Li, 2011: Effects of time-dependent large-scale forcing, solar zenith angle, and sea surface temperature on time-mean rainfall: a partitioning analysis based on surface rainfall budget. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 113, 1-10, doi: 10.1007/s00703-011-0139-7.

Publications

Gao, S., and X. Li, 2011: The dependence of precipitation efficiency on rainfall type in a cloud-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D21207, doi:10.1029/2011JD016117.

Publications

Gao, S., F. Ping, and X. Li, 2006: Cloud microphysical processes associated with the diurnal variations of tropical convection: A 2D cloud resolving modeling study. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 91, 9-16, doi: 10.1007/s00703-005-0108-5.

Publications

Gao, S., F. Ping, and X. Li, 2006: Tropical heat/water vapor quasi-equilibrium and cycle as simulated in a 2D cloud-resolving model. Atmos. Res., 79, 15-29, doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.04.002.

Publications

Gao, S., F. Ping, X. Li, and W. -K. Tao, 2004: A convective vorticity vector associated with tropical convection: A two-dimensional cloud-resolving modeling study. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14106, doi:10.1029/2004JD004807.

Publications

Gao, S., X. Cui, and X. Li, 2009: A modeling study of diurnal rainfall variations during the 21-day period of TOGA COARE. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26, 895-905, doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8123-6.

Publications

Gao, S., X. Cui, Y. Zhou, and X. Li, 2005: Surface rainfall processes as simulated in a cloud-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10202, doi:10.1029/2004JD005467.

Publications

Gao, S., X. Cui, Y. Zhou, X. Li, and W. -K. Tao, 2005: A modeling study of moist and dynamic vorticity vectors associated with two-dimensional tropical convection. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D17104, doi:10.1029/2004JD005675.

Publications

Gent, P. R., 1991: The heat budget of the TOGA--COARE domain in an ocean model. J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3323-3330.

Publications

Gosnell, R., C. W. Fairall, and P. J. Webster, 1995: The sensible heat of rainfall in the tropical ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 100(C9), 18,437-18,442, doi:10.1029/95JC01833.

Publications

Grachev, A. A., C. W. Fairall, and S. E. Larsen, 1998: On the Determination of the Neutral Drag Coefficient in the Convective Boundary Layer. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol.,86, 257-278, doi: 10.1023/A:1000617300732.

Publications

Grant, A. L. M., and P. Hignett, 1998: Aircraft observations of the surface energy balance in TOGA-COARE. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 124: 101-122, doi: 10.1002/qj.49712454505.

Publications

Guichard, F., D. Parsons, and E. Miller, 2000: Thermodynamic and Radiative Impact of the Correction of Sounding Humidity Bias in the Tropics. J. Climate, 13, 3611-3624, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<3611:TARIOT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Guichard, F., J. L. Redelsperger, and J. R. Lafore, 2000: Cloud-resolving simulation of convective activity during TOGA-COARE: Sensitivity to external sources of uncertainties. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126: 3067-3095. doi: 10.1002/qj.49712657005.

Publications

Gutzler, D. S., G. N. Kiladis, O. A. Meehl, K. M. Weickmann, and M. Wheeler, 1994: The Global Climate of December 1992-February 1993. Part II: Large-Scale Variability across the Tropical Western Pacific during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 7, 1606-1622, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1606:TGCODP>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Halverson, J. B., B. S. Ferrier, T. M. Rickenbach, J. Simpson, and W. -K. Tao, 1999: An Ensemble of Convective Systems on 11 February 1993 during TOGA COARE: Morphology, Rainfall Characteristics, and Anvil Cloud Interactions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1208-1228, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<1208:AEOCSO>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Harrison, D. E., and G. A. Vecchi, 1997: Westerly Wind Events in the Tropical Pacific, 1986-95*. J. Climate, 10, 3131-3156, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<3131:WWEITT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Hendon, H. H., and J. Glick, 1997: Intraseasonal Air-Sea Interaction in the Tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. J. Climate, 10, 647-661, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0647:IASIIT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Heymsfield, A. J., G. M. McFarquhar, W. D. Collins, J. A. Goldstein, F. P. J. Valero, J. Spinhirne, W. Hart, and P. Pilewskie, 1998: Cloud properties leading to highly reflective tropical cirrus: Interpretations from CEPEX, TOGA COARE, and Kwajalein, Marshall Islands, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D8), 8805-8812, doi:10.1029/97JD03679.

Publications

Hildebrand, P. H., 1998: Shear-Parallel Moist Convection over the Tropical Ocean: A Case Study from 18 February 1993 TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1952-1976, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<1952:SPMCOT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Hildebrand, P. H., W. Lee, C. A. Walther, C. Frush, M. Randall, E. Loew, R. Neitzel, and R. Parsons, 1996: The ELDORA/ASTRAIA Airborne Doppler Weather Radar: High-Resolution Observations from TOGA COARE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 213-232, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0213:TEADWR>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Horinouchi, T., 2002: Mesoscale Variability of Tropical Precipitation: Validation of Satellite Estimates of Wave Forcing Using TOGA COARE Radar Data. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2428-2437, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2428:MVOTPV>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Iacobellis, S. F., R. C. J. Somerville, 2000: Implications of Microphysics for Cloud-Radiation Parameterizations: Lessons from TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 161-183, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0161:IOMFCR>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Igau, R. C., M. A. LeMone, and D. Wei, 1999: Updraft and Downdraft Cores in TOGA COARE: Why So Many Buoyant Downdraft Cores? J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2232-2245, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2232:UADCIT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Jabouille, P., J. L. Redelsperger, and J. P. Lafore, 1996: Modification of Surface Fluxes by Atmospheric Convection in the TOGA COARE Region. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 816-837, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0816:MOSFBA>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Johnson, D. E., W. -K. Tao, J. Simpson, and C -H. Sui, 2002: A Study of the Response of Deep Tropical Clouds to Large-Scale Thermodynamic Forcings. Part I: Modeling Strategies and Simulations of TOGA COARE Convective Systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3492-3518, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<l;3492:ASOTRO>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Johnson, R. H., and P. E. Ciesielski, 2000: Rainfall and Radiative Heating Rates from TOGA COARE Atmospheric Budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 1497-1514, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1497:RARHRF>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Johnson, R. H., and X. Lin, 1997: Episodic Trade Wind Regimes over the Western Pacific Warm Pool. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 2020-2034, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<2020:ETWROT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Johnson, R. H., P. E. Ciesielski, and J. A. Cotturone, 2001: Multiscale Variability of the Atmospheric Mixed Layer over the Western Pacific Warm Pool. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2729-2750, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2729:MVOTAM>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Johnson, R. H., P. E. Ciesielski, and K. A. Hart, 1996: Tropical Inversions near the 0°C Level. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1838-1855, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<l1838:TINTL>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Johnson, R.H., P.E. Ciesielski, and T.M. Rickenbach, 2016: A Further Look at Q1 and Q2 from TOGA COARE. Meteorological Monographs, 56, 1.1–1.12, https://doi.org/10.1175/AMSMONOGRAPHS-D-15-0002.1.

Publications

Jorgensen, D. P., M. A. LeMone, and S. B. Trier, 1997: Structure and Evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line: Aircraft Observations of Precipitation, Circulation, and Surface Energy Fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1961-1985, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<1961:SAEOTF>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Karoly, D. J., G. L. Roff, and M. J. Reeder, 1996: Gravity wave activity associated with tropical convection detected in TOGA COARE Sounding data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(3), 261-264, doi:10.1029/96GL00023.

Publications

Kikuchi, K., and Y. N. Takayabu, 2004: The development of organized convection associated with the MJO during TOGA COARE IOP: Trimodal characteristics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10101, doi:10.1029/2004GL019601.

Publications

Kiladis, G. N., and M. Wheeler, 1995: Horizontal and vertical structure of observed tropospheric equatorial Rossby waves. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D11), 22, 981-22,997, doi:10.1029/95JD02415.

Publications

Kiladis, G. N., G. A. Meehl, and K. M. Weickmann, 1994: Large-scale circulation associated with westerly wind bursts and deep convection over the western equatorial Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 99(D9), 18, 527-18,544, doi:10.1029/94JD01486.

Publications

Kozu, T., and T. Iguchi, 1999: Nonuniform Beamfilling Correction for Spaceborne Radar Rainfall Measurement: Implications from TOGA COARE Radar Data Analysis. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1722-1735, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1722:NBCFSR>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Kundu, P. K., and T. L. Bell, 2003: A stochastic model of space-time variability of mesoscale rainfall: Statistics of spatial averages. Water Resour. Res., 39(12), 1328, doi:10.1029/2002WR001802.

Publications

Lac, C., J. -P. Lafore, and J -L. Redelsperger, 2002: Role of Gravity Waves in Triggering Deep Convection during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1293-1316, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1293:ROGWIT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Lau, K. -M., and C. -H. Sui, 1997: Mechanisms of Short-Term Sea Surface Temperature Regulation: Observations during TOGA COARE. J. Climate, 10, 465-472, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<0465:MOSTSS>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

LeMone, M. A., E. J. Zipser, and S. B. Trier, 1998: The Role of Environmental Shear and Thermodynamic Conditions in Determining the Structure and Evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3493-3518, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3493:TROESA>2.0.CO;2.

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Lenschow, D., and J. Sun, 2007: The spectral composition of fluxes and variances over land and sea out to the mesoscale. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 125, 63-84, doi: 10.1007/s10546-007-9191-8.

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Lewis, S. A., M. A. LeMone, and D. P. Jorgensen, 1998: Evolution and Dynamics of a Late-Stage Squall Line That Occurred on 20 February 1993 during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3189-3212, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<3189:EADOAL>2.0.CO;2.

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Li, Q., R. Ferraro, and N. Grody, 1998: Detailed analysis of the error associated with the rainfall retrieved by the NOAA/NESDIS SSM/I algorithm 1. Tropical oceanic rainfall, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D10), 11,419-11,427, doi:10.1029/98JD00680.

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Li, X., C. -H. Sui, and K. -M. Lau, 2002: Interactions between Tropical Convection and Its Environment: An Energetics Analysis of a 2D Cloud Resolving Simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1712-1722, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1712:IBTCAI>2.0.CO;2.

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Li, X., C. -H. Sui, D. Adamec, and K. -M. Lau, 1998: Impacts of precipitation in the upper ocean in the western Pacific warm pool during TOGA-COARE, J. Geophys. Res., 103(C3), 5347-5359, doi:10.1029/97JC03420.

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Liberti, G. L., F. Chéruy, and M. Desbois, 2001: Land Effect on the Diurnal Cycle of Clouds over the TOGA COARE Area, as Observed from GMS IR Data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1500-1517, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1500:LEOTDC>2.0.CO;2.

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Lin, J. -L., and B. E. Mapes, 2004: Radiation Budget of the Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2050-2062, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2050:RBOTTI>2.0.CO;2.

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Lin, X., and R. H. Johnson, 1996: Heating, Moistening, and Rainfall over the Western Pacific Warm Pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3367-3383, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<3367:HMAROT>2.0.CO;2.

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Lin, X., and R. H. Johnson, 1996: Kinematic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of the Flow over the Western Pacific Warm Pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 695-715, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<0695:KATCOT>2.0.CO;2.

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Liu, C., M. W. Moncrieff, and W. W. Grabowski, 2001: Explicit and Parameterized Realizations of Convective Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1689-1703, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1689:EAPROC>2.0.CO;2.

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Liu, G., and J. A. Curry, 1998: Remote Sensing of Ice Water Characteristics in Tropical Clouds Using Aircraft Microwave Measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 337-355, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0337:RSOIWC>2.0.CO;2.

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Loehrer, S. M., T. A. Edmands, and J. A. Moore, 1996: TOGA COARE Upper-Air Sounding Data Archive: Development and Quality Control Procedures. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 2651-2671, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<2651:TCUASD>2.0.CO;2.

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Lòpez Carrillo, C., and D. J. Raymond, 2005: Moisture Tendency Equations in a Tropical Atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 1601-1613, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS3424.1.

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Lucas, C., and E. J. Zipser, 2000: Environmental Variability during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2333-2350, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2333:EVDTC>2.0.CO;2.

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Lucas, C., E. J. Zipser, and B. S. Ferrier, 2000: Sensitivity of Tropical West Pacific Oceanic Squall Lines to Tropospheric Wind and Moisture Profiles. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2351-2373, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2351:SOTWPO>2.0.CO;2.

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Marecal, V., T. Tani, P. Amayenc, C. Klapisz, E. Obligis, and N. Viltard, 1997: Rain Relations Inferred from Microphysical Data in TOGA COARE and Their Use to Test a Rain-Profiling Method from Radar Measurements at Ku-Band. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 1629-1646, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<1629:RRIFMD>2.0.CO;2.

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McBride, J. L., N. E. Davidson, K. Puri, and G. C. Tyrell, 1995: The Flow during TOGA COARE as Diagnosed by the BMRC Tropical Analysis and Prediction System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 717-736, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<0717:TFDTCA>2.0.CO;2.

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McFarlane, S. A., and K. F. Evans, 2004: Clouds and Shortwave Fluxes at Nauru. Part II: Shortwave Flux Closure. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2602-2615, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS3299.1.

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McFarquhar, G. M., S. Iacobellis, and R. C. J. Somerville, 2003: SCM Simulations of Tropical Ice Clouds Using Observationally Based Parameterizations of Microphysics. J. Climate, 16, 1643-1664, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<1643:SSOTIC>2.0.CO;2.

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Meehl, G. A., G. N. Kiladis, K. M. Weickmann, M. Wheeler, D. S. Gutzler, and G. P. Compo, 1996: Modulation of equatorial subseasonal convective episodes by tropical-extratropical interaction in the Indian and Pacific Ocean regions. J. Geophys. Res., 101(D10), 15,033-15,049, doi:10.1029/96JD01014.

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Moncrieff, M. W. and E. Klinker, 1997: Organized convective systems in the tropical western pacific as a process in general circulation models: A toga coare case-study. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 123: 805-827, doi: 10.1002/qj.49712354002 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/qj.49712354002/abstract.

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Moncrieff, M. W., S. K. Krueger, D. Gregory, J. -L. Redelsperger, and W. -K. Tao, 1997: GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) Working Group 4: Precipitating Convective Cloud Systems. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 831-845, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0831:GCSSGW>2.0.CO;2.

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Mondon, S., and J.- L. Redelsperger, 1998: A study of a fair weather boundary layer in TOGA-COARE: Parameterization of surface fluxes in large scale and regional models for light wind conditions. Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 88, 47-76, doi: 10.1023/A:1001029605613.

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Montmerle, T., J. -P. Lafore, J. -L. Redelsperger, 2000: A Tropical Squall Line Observed during TOGA COARE: Extended Comparisons between Simulations and Doppler Radar Data and the Role of Midlevel Wind Shear. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3709-3730, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<3709:ATSLOD>2.0.CO;2.

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Nagarajan, B., M. K. Yau, and D. -L. Zhang, 2001: A Numerical Study of a Mesoscale Convective System during TOGA COARE. Part I: Model Description and Verification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2501-2520, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2501:ANSOAM>2.0.CO;2.

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Nagarajan, B., M. K. Yau, and D. -L. Zhang, 2004: A Numerical Study of a Mesoscale Convective System during TOGA COARE. Part II: Organization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1000-1017, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<l;1000:ANSOAM>2.0.CO;2.

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Negri, A. J., R. F. Adler, E. J. Nelkin, and G. J. Huffman, 1994: Regional Rainfall Climatologies Derived from Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) Data. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 1165-1182, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1165:RRCDFS>2.0.CO;2.

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Nuret, M., and M. Chong, 1996: Monitoring the Performance of the ECMWF Operational Analysis Using the Enhanced TOGA COARE Observational Network. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 53-65, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0434(1996)011<0053:MTPOTE>2.0.CO;2.

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Ohlmann, J. C., 2003: Ocean Radiant Heating in Climate Models. Journal of Climate, 16, 1337-1351, doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)16<1337:ORHICM>2.0.CO;2.

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Ohlmann, J. C., D. A. Siegel, and L. Washburn, 1998: Radiant heating of the western equatorial Pacific during TOGA-COARE, J. Geophys. Res., 103(C3), 5379-5395, doi:10.1029/97JC03422.

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Olson, W. S., C. D. Kummerow, Y. Hong, and W. -K. Tao, 1999: Atmospheric Latent Heating Distributions in the Tropics Derived from Satellite Passive Microwave Radiometer Measurements. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 633-664, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0633:ALHDIT>2.0.CO;2.

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Oury, S., and J. Testud, Virginie Marécal, 1999: Estimate of Precipitation from the Dual-Beam Airborne Radars in TOGA COARE. Part 1: The Kâ€“Z Relationships Derived from Stereo and Quad-Beam Analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 38, 156-174, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0156:EOPFTD>2.0.CO;2.

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Parsons, D., W. Dabberdt, H. Cole, T. Hock, C. Martin, A. -L. Barrett, E. Miller, M. Spowart, and M. Howard, 1994: The Integrated Sounding System: Description and Preliminary Observations from TOGA COARE. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75, 553-567, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<0553:TISSDA>2.0.CO;2.

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Pavlopoulos, H., and V. K. Gupta, 2003: Scale invariance of regional wet and dry durations of rain fields: A diagnostic study. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D8), 8387, doi:10.1029/2002JD002763.

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Petersen, W. A., S. A. Rutledge, and R. E. Orville, 1996: Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Observations from TOGA COARE: Selected Results and Lightning Location Algorithms. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 602-620, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<0602:CTGLOF>2.0.CO;2.

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Petersen, W. A., S. A. Rutledge, R. C. Cifelli, B. S. Ferrier, and B. F. Smull, 1999: Shipborne Dual-Doppler Operations during TOGA COARE: Integrated Observations of Storm Kinematics and Electrification. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 81-97, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<0081:SDDODT>2.0.CO;2.

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Piani, C., and D. R. Durran, 2001: A Numerical Study of Stratospheric Gravity Waves Triggered by Squall Lines Observed during the TOGA COARE and COPT-81 Experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3702-3723, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<3702:ANSOSG>2.0.CO;2.

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Plueddemann, A. J. et al., 1993: TOGA COARE Mooring Deployment, Mooring Check-out and Mooring Recovery Cruises: R/V Wecoma 7 October-1 November 1992, R/V Le Noriot 2 December-15 December 1992, R/V Wecoma 72 February-11 March 1993. UOP report, 93-5, 50 pp.

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Ralph, E. A., K. Bi, P. P. Niiler, and Y. du Penhoat, 1997: A Lagrangian Description of the Western Equatorial Pacific Response to the Wind Burst of December 1992: Heat Advection in the Warm Pool. J. Climate, 10, 1706-1721, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1706:ALDOTW>2.0.CO;2.

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Redelsperger, J. -L., D. B. Parsons, and F. Guichard, 2002: Recovery Processes and Factors Limiting Cloud-Top Height following the Arrival of a Dry Intrusion Observed during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2438-2457, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2438:RPAFLC>2.0.CO;2.

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Redelsperger, J. -L., P. R. A. Brown, F. Guichard, C. How, M. Kawasima, S. Lang, T. Montmerle, K. Nakamura, K. Saito, C. Seman, W. K. Tao, and L. J. Donner, 2000: A gcss model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during toga-coare. I: Cloud-resolving models. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 126: 823-863, doi: 10.1002/qj.49712656404.

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Rickenbach, T. M., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: Convection in TOGA COARE: Horizontal Scale, Morphology, and Rainfall Production. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2715-2729, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<l;2715:CITCHS>2.0.CO;2.

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Ridout, J. A., 2002: Sensitivity of Tropical Pacific Convection to Dry Layers at Mid- to Upper Levels: Simulation and Parameterization Tests. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 3362-3381, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<3362:SOTPCT>2.0.CO;2.

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Roff, G. L., and J. -I. Yano, 2002: Tropical convective variability in the CAPE phase space. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 128: 2317-2333, doi: 10.1256/qj.01.138.

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Roux, F., 1998: The oceanic mesoscale convective system observed with airborne Doppler radars on 9 February 1993 during TOGA-COARE: Structure, evolution and budgets. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 124: 585-614. doi: 10.1002/qj.49712454610.

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Salzmann, M., M. G. Lawrence, V. T. J. Phillips, and L. J. Donner, 2004: Modelling tracer transport by a cumulus ensemble: lateral boundary conditions and large-scale ascent. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1797-1811, doi:10.5194/acp-4-1797-2004.

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Salzmann, M., M. G. Lawrence, V. T. J. Phillips, and L. J. Donner, 2007: Model sensitivity studies regarding the role of the retention coefficient for the scavenging and redistribution of highly soluble trace gases by deep convective cloud systems. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 2027-2045, doi:10.5194/acp-7-2027-2007.

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Salzmann, M., M. G. Lawrence, V. T. J. Phillips, and L. J. Donner, 2008: Cloud system resolving model study of the roles of deep convection for photo-chemistry in the TOGA COARE/CEPEX region. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2741-2757, doi:10.5194/acp-8-2741-2008.

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Sassen, K., R. P. Benson, and J. D. Spinhirne, 2000: Tropical cirrus cloud properties derived from TOGA/COARE airborne polarization lidar. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(5), 673-676, doi:10.1029/1999GL010946.

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Saxen, T. R., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: Surface Fluxes and Boundary Layer Recovery in TOGA COARE: Sensitivity to Convective Organization. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2763-2781, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2763:SFABLR>2.0.CO;2.

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Schiller, A., and J. S. Godfrey, 2005: A diagnostic model of the diurnal cycle of sea surface temperature for use in coupled ocean-atmosphere models. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C11014, doi:10.1029/2005JC002975.

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Schulz, J., J. Meywerk, S. Ewald, and P. Schlüssel, 1997: Evaluation of Satellite-Derived Latent Heat Fluxes. J. Climate, 10, 2782-2795, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<2782:EOSDLH>2.0.CO;2.

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Seidel, D. J. (2005). Diurnal cycle of upper-air temperature estimated from radiosondes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110(D9). doi:10.1029/2004jd005526

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Sherwood, S. C., Roca, R., Weckwerth, T. M., & Andronova, N. G. (2010). Tropospheric water vapor, convection, and climate. Reviews of Geophysics, 48(2). doi:10.1029/2009rg000301

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Sheu, R. -S., and G. Liu, 1995: Atmospheric humidity variations associated with westerly wind bursts during Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE). J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 25, 759-25, 768, doi:10.1029/95JD00985.

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Shinoda, T., 1995: Shipboard Measurements from R/V Moana Wave During TOGA COARE Enhanced Monitoring Cruises: Data Report. v. 95, Issue 7 of SOEST Technical Report, 201 pp.

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Shinoda, T., and H. H. Hendon, 1998: Mixed Layer Modeling of Intraseasonal Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans. J. Climate, 11, 2668-2685, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2668:MLMOIV>>2.0.CO;2.

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Shinoda, T., and H. H. Hendon, 2001: Upper-Ocean Heat Budget in Response to the Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Western Equatorial Pacific. J. Climate, 14, 4147-4165, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014i<4147:UOHBIR>2.0.CO;2.

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Shinoda, T., H. H. Hendon, and J. Glick, 1998: Intraseasonal Variability of Surface Fluxes and Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Western Pacific and Indian Oceans. J. Climate, 11, 1685-1702, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<1685:IVOSFA>2.0.CO;2.

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Short, D. A., P. A. Kucera, B. S. Ferrier, J. C. Gerlach, S. A. Rutledge, and O. W. Thiele, 1997: Shipboard Radar Rainfall Patterns within the TOGA COARE IFA. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2817-2836, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<2817:SRRPWT>2.0.CO;2.

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Smith, S. R., J. Parks Camp, and D. M. Legler, 1996: TOGA/COARE Handbook of Quality Control Procedures and Methods for Surface Meteorology Data. COAPS report, no. 96-3, 60 pp.

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Soloviev, A., 1995: Small-scale Measurements Near the Ocean-air Interface During TOGA COARE: Data Report. 257 pp.

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Soloviev, A., and R. Lukas, 2003: Observation of wave-enhanced turbulence in the near-surface layer of the ocean during TOGA COARE. Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 50, 371-395, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(03)00004-9.

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Soloviev, A., R. Lukas, P. Hacker, H. Schoeberlein, M. Baker, and A. Arjannikov, 1999: A Near-Surface Microstructure Sensor System Used during TOGA COARE. Part II: Turbulence Measurements. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 1598-1618, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<1598:ANSMSS>2.0.CO;2.

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Sorooshian, S., X. Gao, K. Hsu, R. A. Maddox, Y. Hong, H. V. Gupta, and B. Imam, 2002: Diurnal Variability of Tropical Rainfall Retrieved from Combined GOES and TRMM Satellite Information. J. Climate, 15, 983-1001, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<0983:DVOTRR>2.0.CO;2.

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Su, H., S. S. Chen, and C. S. Bretherton, 1999: Three-Dimensional Week-Long Simulations of TOGA COARE Convective Systems Using the MM5 Mesoscale Model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2326-2344, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2326:TDWLSO>2.0.CO;2.

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Sud, Y. C., G. K. Walker, and K.-M. Lau, 1999: Mechanisms regulating sea-surface temperatures and deep convection in the tropics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(8), 1019-1022, doi:10.1029/1999GL900197.

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Sui, C. -H., K. -M. Lau, Y. N. Takayabu, and D. A. Short, 1997: Diurnal Variations in Tropical Oceanic Cumulus Convection during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 639-655, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0639:DVITOC>2.0.CO;2.

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Sui, C. -H., X. Li, K. -M. Lau, and D. Adamec, 1997: Multiscale Air-Sea Interactions during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 448-462, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1997)125<0448:MASIDT>2.0.CO;2.

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Sui, C. -H., X. Li, M. -J. Yang, and H. -L. Huang, 2005: Estimation of Oceanic Precipitation Efficiency in Cloud Models. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 4358-4370, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAS3587.1.

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Sumi, A., and K. Takeuchi, 1995: TOGA-COARE in Japan: A Collection of Papers Presented in a Special Edition of the Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. J. Meteorol. Japan, (Collection), 409 pp.

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Sun, B., L. Yu, and R. A. Weller, 2003: Comparisons of Surface Meteorology and Turbulent Heat Fluxes over the Atlantic: NWP Model Analyses versus Moored Buoy Observations*. J. Climate, 16, 679-695, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0679:COSMAT>2.0.CO;2.

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Sun, J., J. F. Howell, S. K. Esbensen, L. Mahrt, C. M. Greb, R. Grossman, and M. A. LeMone, 1996: Scale Dependence of Air-Sea Fluxes over the Western Equatorial Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2997-3012, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2997:SDOASF>2.0.CO;2.

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Takayabu, Y. N., K. -M. Lau, and C. -H. Sui, 1996: Observation of a Quasi-2-Day Wave during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 1892-1913, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1892:OOAQDW>2.0.CO;2.

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Tao, W. -K., D. Johnson, C. -L. Shie, and J. Simpson, 2004: The Atmospheric Energy Budget and Large-Scale Precipitation Efficiency of Convective Systems during TOGA COARE, GATE, SCSMEX, and ARM: Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 2405-2423, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2004)061<2405:TAEBAL>2.0.CO;2.

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Tao, W. -K., S. Lang, W.S. Olson, R. Meneghini, S. Yang, J. Simpson, C. Kummerow, E. Smith, and J. Halverson, 2001: Retrieved Vertical Profiles of Latent Heat Release Using TRMM Rainfall Products for February 1998**. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 957-982, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<0957:RVPOLH>2.0.CO;2.

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Teitelbaum, H., M. Moustaoui, C. Basdevant, and J. R. Holton, 2000: An alternative mechanism explaining the hygropause formation in tropical regions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(2), 221-224, doi:10.1029/1999GL010874.

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Testud, J., S. Oury, R. A. Black, P. Amayenc, and X. Dou, 2001: The Concept of "Normalized" Distribution to Describe Raindrop Spectra: A Tool for Cloud Physics and Cloud Remote Sensing. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 1118-1140, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<1118:TCONDT>2.0.CO;2.

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Tian, B., G. J. Zhang, and V. Ramanathan, 2001: Heat Balance in the Pacific Warm Pool Atmosphere during TOGA COARE and CEPEX. J. Climate, 14, 1881-1893, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1881:HBITPW>2.0.CO;2.

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TOGA COARE International Project Office, 1995: Summary Report of the TOGA COARE International Data Workshop: Toulouse, France, 2-11 August 1994, 170 pp.

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Trier, S. B., M. A. LeMone, W. C. Skamarock, 1998: Effect of Three-Dimensional Structure on the Stormwide Horizontal Accelerations and Momentum Budget of a Simulated Squall Line. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2580.2598, doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<2580:EOTDSO>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Trier, S. B., W. C. Skamarock, and M. A. LeMone, 1997: Structure and Evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line: Organization Mechanisms Inferred from Numerical Simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 386-407, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1997)054<0386:SAEOTF>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Trier, S. B., W. C. Skamarock, M. A. LeMone, D. B. Parsons, and D. P. Jorgensen, 1996: Structure and Evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line: Numerical Simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2861-2886, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2861:SAEOTF>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Tsuda, T., T. Nakamura, A. Shimizu, T. Yoshino, S. W. B. Harijono, T. Sribimawati, and H. Wiryosumarto, 1997: Observations of diurnal oscillations with a meteor wind radar and radiosondes in Indonesia. J. Geophys. Res., 102(D22), 26,217-26,224, doi:10.1029/96JD02311.

Publications

Tung, W., and M. Yanai, 2002: Convective Momentum Transport Observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part I: General Features. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1857-1871, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1857:CMTODT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Tung, W., and M. Yanai, 2002: Convective Momentum Transport Observed during the TOGA COARE IOP. Part II: Case Studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2535-2549, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<2535:CMTODT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Tung, W., C. Lin, B. Chen, M. Yanai, and A. Arakawa, 1999: Basic modes of cumulus heating and drying observed during TOGA-COARE IOP. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(20), 3117-3120, doi:10.1029/1999GL900607.

Publications

Tyrrell, G. C., D. J. Karoly, and J. L. McBride, 1996: Links between Tropical Convection and Variations of the Extratropical Circulation during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2735-2748, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<2735:LBTCAV>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Ulbrich, C. W., and D. Atlas, 1998: Rainfall Microphysics and Radar Properties: Analysis Methods for Drop Size Spectra. J. Appl. Meteor., 37, 912-923, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1998)037<0912:RMARPA>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Ulbrich, C. W., and D. Atlas, 2002: On the Separation of Tropical Convective and Stratiform Rains. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 188-195, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0188:OTSOTC>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Velden, C. S., and J. A. Young, 1994: Satellite Observations during TOGA COARE: Large-Scale Descriptive Overview. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2426-2441, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<2426:SODTCL>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Vickers, D., and S. K. Esbensen, 1998: Subgrid Surface Fluxes in Fair Weather Conditions during TOGA COARE: Observational Estimates and Parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 620-633, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1998)126<0620:SSFIFW>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

von Hardenberg, J., L. Ferraris, and A. Provenzale, 2003: The shape of convective rain cells. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(24), 2280, doi:10.1029/2003GL018539.

Publications

Waliser, D. E., W. D. Collins, and S. P. Anderson, 1996: An estimate of the surface shortwave cloud forcing over the western Pacific during TOGA COARE. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(5), 519-522, doi:10.1029/96GL00245.

Publications

Wang, C.-C., Chen, G. T.-J., Huang, H.-L., Carbone, R. E., & Chang, S.-W. (2012). Synoptic Conditions Associated with Propagating and Nonpropagating Cloud/Rainfall Episodes during the Warm Season over the East Asian Continent. Monthly Weather Review, 140(3), 721-747. doi:10.1175/mwr-d-11-00067.1

Publications

Wang, J., H. L. Cole, D. J. Carlson, E. R. Miller, K. Beierle, A. Paukkunen, and T. K. Laine, 2002: Corrections of Humidity Measurement Errors from the Vaisala RS80 Radiosonde-Application to TOGA COARE Data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 981-1002, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(2002)019<0981:COHMEF>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Wang, Y., W. -K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1996: The Impact of Ocean Surface Fluxes on a TOGA COARE Convective System. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 2753-2763, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<2753:TIOOSF>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Webster, P. J., C. A. Clayson, and J. A. Curry, 1996: Clouds, Radiation, and the Diurnal Cycle of Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Western Pacific. J. Climate, 9, 1712-1730, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1712:CRATDC>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Webster, P.J. and R. Lukas, 1992: TOGA COARE: The Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1377–1416, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1992)073<1377:TCTCOR>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Wei, D., A. M. Blyth, and D. J. Raymond, 1998: Buoyancy of Convective Clouds in TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3381-3391, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<3381:BOCCIT>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Weller, R. A., and S. P. Anderson, 1996: Surface Meteorology and Air-Sea Fluxes in the Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool during the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. J. Climate, 9, 1959-1990, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1996)009<1959:SMAASF>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Wikle, C. K., R. F. Milliff, and W. G. Large, 1999: Surface Wind Variability on Spatial Scales from 1 to 1000 km Observed during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2222-2231, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2222:SWVOSS>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

WOCE/TOGA Surface Velocity Programme Planning Committee, World Ocean Circulation Experiment, and Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere Program, 1994: WOCE / report of the seventh meeting (SVP-7), Sea Lodge at La Jolla Shores, CA, USA, 2-4 November 1994. Wormley, England: WOCE International Project Office, 23 pp.

Publications

Wu, X., and M. A. LeMone, 1999: Fine Structure of Cloud Patterns within the Intraseasonal Oscillation during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2503-2513, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<2503:FSOCPW>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2001: Long-Term Behavior of Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE and Their Interactions with Radiative and Surface Processes. Part III: Effects on the Energy Budget and SST. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1155-1168, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<1155:LTBOCS>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Wu, X., and S. Guimond, 2006: Two- and Three-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of the Mesoscale Enhancement of Surface Heat Fluxes by Precipitating Deep Convection. J. Climate, 19, 139-149, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCL3610.1.

Publications

Wu, X., M. W. Moncrieff, and K. A. Emanuel, 2000: Evaluation of Large-Scale Forcing during TOGA COARE for Cloud-Resolving Models and Single-Column Models. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2977-2985, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2977:EOLSFD>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Wu, X., W. D. Hall, W. W. Grabowski, M. W. Moncrieff, W. D. Collins, and J. T. Kiehl, 1999: Long-Term Behavior of Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE and Their Interactions with Radiative and Surface Processes. Part II: Effects of Ice Microphysics on Cloud-Radiation Interaction. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3177-3195, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3177:LTBOCS>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Wu, X., W. W. Grabowski, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1998: Long-Term Behavior of Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE and Their Interactions with Radiative and Surface Processes. Part I: Two-Dimensional Modeling Study. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2693-2714, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2693:LTBOCS>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Yanai, M., B. Chen, and W. Tung, 2000: The Madden-Julian Oscillation Observed during the TOGA COARE IOP: Global View. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2374-2396, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<2374:TMJOOD>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Yang, S., and E. A. Smith, 1999: Moisture Budget Analysis of TOGA COARE Area Using SSM/I-Retrieved Latent Heating and Large-Scale Q2 Estimates. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 633-655, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0633:MBAOTC>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Yang, S., and E. A. Smith, 2000: Vertical Structure and Transient Behavior of Convective-Stratiform Heating in TOGA COARE from Combined Satellite-Sounding Analysis. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1491-1513, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<1491:VSATBO>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Yoneyama, K., and D. B. Parsons, 1999: A Proposed Mechanism for the Intrusion of Dry Air into the Tropical Western Pacific Region. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1524-1546, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<1524:APMFTI>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

You, Y., 1995: Salinity Variability and Its Role in the Barrier-Layer Formation during TOGA-COARE. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 2778-2807, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<2778:SVAIRI>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Young, G. S., D. V. Ledvina, and C. W. Fairall, 1992: Influence of Precipitating Convection on the Surface Energy Budget Observed During a Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Pilot Cruise in the Tropical Western Pacific Ocean. J. Geophys. Res., 97(C6), 9595-9603, doi:10.1029/92JC00689.

Publications

Yuter, S. E., and R. A. Houze, 1997: Measurements of Raindrop Size Distributions over the Pacific Warm Pool and Implications for Z-R Relations. J. Appl. Meteor., 36, 847-867, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0847:MORSDO>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Zeng, X., M. Zhao, and R. E. Dickinson, 1998: Intercomparison of Bulk Aerodynamic Algorithms for the Computation of Sea Surface Fluxes Using TOGA COARE and TAO Data. J. Climate, 11, 2628-2644, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1998)011<2628:IOBAAF>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Zeng, X., M. Zhao, R. E. Dickinson, and Y. He, 1999: A multiyear hourly sea surface skin temperature data set derived from the TOGA TAO bulk temperature and wind speed over the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 104(C1), 1525-1536, doi:10.1029/1998JC900060.

Publications

Zhang, G. J., 2003: Convective quasi-equilibrium in the tropical western Pacific: Comparison with midlatitude continental environment. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 4592, doi:10.1029/2003JD003520.

Publications

Zhang, G. J., and X. Wu, 2003: Convective Momentum Transport and Perturbation Pressure Field from a Cloud-Resolving Model Simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1120-1139, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<1120:CMTAPP>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Zhou, X. L., M. A. Geller, and M. H. Zhang, 2001: Tropical Cold Point Tropopause Characteristics Derived from ECMWF Reanalyses and Soundings. J. Climate, 14, 1823-1838, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1823:TCPTCD>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Zuidema, P., 1998: The 600-800-mb Minimum in Tropical Cloudiness Observed during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2220-2228, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2220:TMMITC>2.0.CO;2.

Publications

Antonissen, E., 2000: On the Evolution of the Western Equatorial Pacific Warm Pool During the TOGA COARE IOP. Dissertation/thesis, Oregon State University, 382 pp.

Theses

Barnaby, S. A., 1995: Lightning Location Characteristics and Vertical Structure Analysis of Isolated Storm Cells in the TOGA COARE Region. Dissertation/thesis, Texas Tech University, 164 pp.

Theses

Beebeejaun, M., 1998: Meso- and synoptic-scale Conditions During Fiams Boundary-layer Flighs in TOGA COARE. Dissertation/thesis, Flinders University of South Australia, 376 pp.

Theses

Benson, R. P., 1996: Tropical Cirrus: a TOGA/COARE Lidar Depolarization Study. Dissertation/thesis, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Utah, 170 pp.

Theses

Burks, J. E., 1998: Radiative Fluxes and Heating Rates During TOGA COARE Over the Intensive Flux Array. Dissertation/thesis, Dept. of Meteorology, University of Utah, 168 pp.

Theses

Caesar, K.-A. L., 1995: Cold Domes Over the Warm Pool: A Study of the Properties of Cold Domes Produced by Mesoscale Convective Systems During TOGA COARE. Dissertation/thesis, Texas A&M University, 178 pp.

Theses

Carpenter, S. J., 1998: Single Doppler Radar Observations of Mesoscale Circulations in a TOGA COARE Mesoscale Convective System. Dissertation/thesis, Texas Tech University. 306 pp.

Theses

Doggett, A. L., 1996: Analysis of Rainwater Flux in the IFA During TOGA COARE Using Shipboard Radar Rainfall Estimates. Dissertation/thesis, Texas Tech University, 348 pp.

Theses

Galusha, L. R., 1994: Comparison of TOGA COARE Optical Raingage Data with Radar Reflectivity. Dissertation/thesis, Texas Tech University, 270 pp.

Theses

Greiser, C. M., Surface Heat Flux Estimates from NCAR Electra Data Over the Pacific Warm Pool During TOGA COARE. Dissertation/thesis, Oregon State University, 172 pp.

Theses

Lazzara, M. A., 1997: Tropical atmospheric predictability during TOGA COARE. Dissertation/thesis, University of Wisconsin--Madison, 240 pp.

Theses

Lucas, C., 1998: Environmental Variability During TOGA COARE and its Effect on Mesoscale Convective Systems: Observations and Modeling. Dissertation/thesis, Texas A&M University, 350 pp.

Theses

Qian, T., 2003: Cloud Vertical Structure, Radiative Heating Profile and Diurnal Variation During TOGA COARE. Dissertation/thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook, 142 pp.

Theses

Restivo, M. E., 1995: The Convective Structures Associated with Cloud-to-ground Lightning in TOGA COARE Mesoscale Convective Systems. Dissertation/thesis, Texas A&M University, 196 pp.

Theses

Sperow, K. S., 1995: Airborne Doppler Analysis of the 18 February 1993 TOGA COARE Squall Line Using a New Analysis Method: the Two-step, Second Order Lax-Wendroff Scheme. Dissertation/thesis, University of Oklahoma, 240 pp.

Theses

Tyrrell, G. C., 1995: Links Between Tropical Convection and Variations of the Extratropical Circulation During TOGA COARE. Thesis, Monash University, 270 pp.

Theses

Valiente, J. A., 1997: A Study and Parameterization of Oceanic Aerosol Interactions by Interpreting Spectral Solar Radiation Measurements at Nauru During TOGA-COARE. Dissertation/thesis, University of Tasmania, 862 pp.

Theses

Waring, P. L., 1994: A Case Study of Diurnal Variation of Convection and Mesoscale Modeling During TOGA-COARE. Thesis, Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, Springfield, VA, 83 pp.

Theses

Reports

Shinoda, T., 1995: Shipboard Measurements from R/V Moana Wave During TOGA COARE Enhanced Monitoring Cruises: Data Report. v. 95, Issue 7 of SOEST Technical Report, 201 pp.

Reports

Smith, S. R., J. Parks Camp, and D. M. Legler, 1996: TOGA/COARE Handbook of Quality Control Procedures and Methods for Surface Meteorology Data. COAPS report, no. 96-3, 60 pp.

Reports

Soloviev, A., 1995: Small-scale Measurements Near the Ocean-air Interface During TOGA COARE: Data Report. 257 pp.

Reports

TOGA COARE International Project Office, 1995: Summary Report of the TOGA COARE International Data Workshop: Toulouse, France, 2-11 August 1994, 170 pp.

Reports

Lukas, R. B., P. Webster, and J. Picaut, 1991: Papers from the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA/COARE, v. 96, New Caledonia, Amer. Geophys. Un., 3123-3436.

Conference Proceedings

Picaut, J., R. B. Lukas, and T. Delcroix, 1989: Proceedings of the Western Pacific International Meeting and Workshop on TOGA COARE, held at Centre ORSTOM de Noumé, New Caledonia, May 24-30, 833 pp.

Conference Proceedings

World Climate Research Programme, and Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere Program, 1999: Proceedings of a conference on the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE): Boulder, Colorada, USA, 7-14 July 1998, WMO/TD, no. 940, WCRP, 107, 416 pp.

Conference Proceedings

World Climate Research Programme, World Meteorological Organization, Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere Program, 1999: COARE-98: proceedings of a conference on the TOGA Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE): Boulder, Colorado, USA, 7-14 July 1998. Volume 107 of WCRP (Series), Boulder, CO, 448 pp.

Conference Proceedings

om//pFad.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eol.ucar.edu%2Fnode%2F675%2Fpublications">TOGA COARE Publications

TOGA COARE Publications

Publications

Theses

Reports

Conference Proceedings

NCAR

UCAR

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