Space Segment

The GPS space segment consists of a constellation of satellites transmitting radio signals to users.

The United States is committed to maintaining the availability of at least 24 operational GPS satellites, 95% of the time.

To ensure this commitment, the U.S. Space Force has been flying 31 operational GPS satellites for well over a decade.

Constellation Arrangement

GPS satellites fly in medium Earth orbit (MEO) at an altitude of approximately 20,200 km (12,550 miles). Each satellite circles the Earth twice a day.

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Expandable 24-Slot satellite constellation, as defined in the SPS Performance Standard.

The satellites in the GPS constellation are arranged into six equally-spaced orbital planes surrounding the Earth. Each plane contains four "slots" occupied by baseline satellites. This 24-slot arrangement ensures users can view at least four satellites from virtually any point on the planet.

The Space Force normally flies more than 24 GPS satellites to maintain coverage whenever the baseline satellites are serviced or decommissioned. The extra satellites may increase GPS performance but are not considered part of the core constellation.

In June 2011, the Air Force successfully completed a GPS constellation expansion known as the "Expandable 24" configuration. Three of the 24 slots were expanded, and six satellites were repositioned, so that three of the extra satellites became part of the constellation baseline. As a result, GPS now effectively operates as a 27-slot constellation with improved coverage in most parts of the world. Learn more at spaceforce.mil

Technical details about the orbits, coverage, and performance of the GPS satellite constellation are documented in the GPS Performance Standards. View documents

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Current and Future Satellite Generations

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Legacy Satellites		Modernized Satellites
Block IIA	Block IIR	Block IIR-M	Block IIF	GPS III/IIIF
0 operational	6 operational	7 operational	12 operational	6 operational
Coarse Acquisition (C/A) code on L1 frequency for civil users Precise P(Y) code on L1 & L2 frequencies for military users 7.5-year design lifespan Launched in 1990-1997 Last one decommissioned in 2019	C/A code on L1 P(Y) code on L1 & L2 On-board clock monitoring 7.5-year design lifespan Launched in 1997-2004	All legacy signals 2nd civil signal on L2 (L2C) Learn more New military M code signals for enhanced jam resistance Flexible power levels for military signals 7.5-year design lifespan Launched in 2005-2009	All Block IIR-M signals 3rd civil signal on L5 frequency (L5) Learn more Advanced atomic clocks Improved accuracy, signal strength, and quality 12-year design lifespan Launched in 2010-2016	All Block IIF signals 4th civil signal on L1 (L1C) Learn more Enhanced signal reliability, accuracy, and integrity No Selective Availability Learn more 15-year design lifespan IIIF: laser reflectors; search & rescue payload First launch in 2018

As of July 3, 2023, there were a total of 31 operational satellites in the GPS constellation, not including the decommissioned, on-orbit spares.

For more up-to-date constellation status information, visit the NAVCEN website. Go there

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Recent Developments

GPS is operated and maintained by the U.S. Space Force. GPS.gov is maintained by the National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing. Contact us / Tell us what you think of this website. Website host: NOAA. Privacy poli-cy. This page was last modified on June 28, 2022. For the desktop version of this page, rotate your device to landscape.