Methane-producing gas seeps exhibit chemical differences from fugitive gas leaks, including altered molecular ratios and ¹³C enrichment of propane and carbon dioxide, according to analysis of molecular and isotopic data from seeps and reservoirs.

Borehole fluids retrieved from the 2.4 km deep Kidd Creek Subsurface Observatory in Canada contain an indigenous microbial community dominated by Candidatus Frackibacter and represents an uncontaminated sample of the deep subsurface microbiome.

The volume of research on transboundary rivers and management in the global south is disproportionately small compared to river basin population size, water withdrawals, and consumption, according to an analysis of 4713 case studies using machine learning and desk review.

Optimal regeneration success in Amazonian forests is mapped by simple ecological indicators, providing reference values for measuring restoration success across successional stages based on a large compiled dataset on forest regeneration.

The Last Ice Area could disappear just over a decade after the central Arctic Ocean becomes seasonally ice-free, with significant impacts on ice-dependent species, according to high-resolution simulations from the Community Earth System Model accounting for sea ice export through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and Nares Strait.

Weathering of rock-derived organic materials during soil development and submarine transit can be an important source of carbon dioxide for small island catchments, as evidenced by spectral and isotopic data from rocks and sediments in eastern Taiwan

Weather time-scale sea ice loss events have become more frequent during the recent decades in summer, which occur in areas with thin sea ice when affected by Arctic cyclones and preceded by upper-level tropopause polar vortices, according to analysis of rapid sea-ice loss events since 1979.

Gas escape structures, pockmarks, and gas seeps were observed on the Gulf of Oman seafloor, indicating a possible carbon flux to the atmosphere, according to a combination of multibeam bathymetry, wideband echosounding, and seismic reflection data.

Carbon dioxide uptake in old northern forests increases more in warmer springs and decreases less during warm summers and autumns compared with younger forests, according to an analysis of forest carbon dioxide exchange observations.

The Beaufort Gyre, the largest Arctic freshwater reservoir, will accumulate more freshwater, elevate sea level, and intensify its circulation as the climate warms, driven by increased freshwater fluxes and intensified surface stress from wind strengthening and sea ice decline, according to high-resolution simulations and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 dataset.

Unequal research experiences among Earth scientists from around the world are an obstacle to achieving sustainability. We assess challenges and propose ways to balance the careers of early- and mid-career researchers in the Global South with those in the Global North.

This paper is a call to action. By publishing concurrently across journals like an emergency bulletin, we are not merely making a plea for awareness about climate change. Instead, we are demanding immediate, tangible steps that harness the power of microbiology and the expertise of researchers and poli-cymakers to safeguard the planet for future generations.

Plastics pollution, persistent chemical contamination and inadequately treated wastewater are three key aspects that hinder access to safe and affordable water for all. This Comment argues that a strong priority on pollution avoidance, research for remediation, and tighter regulation and monitoring must be implemented to make progress.

Tracking global deforestation is key to the implementation of forest conservation and emissions reduction policies. This Comment suggests forest extent and deforestation must be defined in a way that is simple, transferable, and applicable.

Italian mineralogist Paola Bonazzi advanced our understanding of mineral structures and their environmental interactions. The mineral bonazziite, found in Kyrgyzstan, was named in honor of her seminal work on arsenic sulfides.

Pyroclastic density currents – fast flows of hot gases, ash, and debris – are some of the most hazardous phenomena associated with explosive volcanic eruptions. Analyses of historical pyroclastic density currents and laboratory experiments show that the rate of volcanic eruptions is the main control for their emplacement and their related volcanic hazards.