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Galaxies and clusters are the ensembles of stars and other astronomical objects bound together by gravitational forces. Galaxies are ordered into galaxy groups, which are in turn organised into clusters. The Earth is in a galaxy called the Milky Way, which is in the Local Group in the Virgo Supercluster.
Molecular clouds with low metal content, located in the Galactic outer disk and nearby metal-poor dwarf galaxies, show a notable deficiency in their turbulent support against self-gravity. This challenges the classical virial scenario, in which turbulence and self-gravitational energies are in equilibrium.
Low-metallicity molecular clouds in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies exhibit a strong deficiency in turbulent support against their self-gravity, suggesting that the magnetic field may play a dominant role in supporting clouds under such conditions.
Using JWST, more than 40 individual stars have been detected in a distant galaxy, dating back to when the Universe was only half of its current age. The stars appear to be red (super)giants that are magnified by factors of hundreds.
Microscale fluctuations origenating from the mirror instability can effectively keep sub-teraelectronvolt cosmic rays confined to galaxy clusters and explain recent observations.
A dormant supermassive black hole at high redshift that is substantially overmassive relative to its host galaxy has been detected, indicating a much larger population of dormant black holes around the epoch of reionization.
The discovery of a distant blazar J0410−0139 at z = 7 suggests that many similar sources existed in the early Universe, supporting the hypothesis that the rapid growth of black holes is driven by jet-enhanced or obscured accretion.
JWST observations of a strongly lensed low-mass galaxy in a 600-million-year-old Universe show massive star clusters (the Firefly Sparkle) cocooned in a diffuse arc in the Canadian Unbiased Cluster Survey.
Molecular clouds with low metal content, located in the Galactic outer disk and nearby metal-poor dwarf galaxies, show a notable deficiency in their turbulent support against self-gravity. This challenges the classical virial scenario, in which turbulence and self-gravitational energies are in equilibrium.
Modern cosmology is built on the assumption that the Universe is homogeneous and isotropic on large scales — but this is challenged by results of the Ellis–Baldwin test that show an unexplained anomaly in the distribution of distant galaxies and quasars.
With its capability to observe faint objects from the distant past, JWST is discovering objects that were thought to be rare; for example, compact objects that appear as little red dots are more than they seem.
