In-depth understanding
El Niño, La Niña and neutral conditions seen different ways
- Equatorial sea level & upper ocean temperatures - seen in 3-D Latitude-Longitude-depth plots
- Equatorial surface temperatues - seen in Latitude-Longitude plots
- Pacific Ocean temperature anomalies (deviations) - seen in Latitude-Longitude plots
- Schematic diagrams explain the warm pool and the thermocline during El Niño, La Niña and neutral conditions
Historical El Niños and La Niñas
- El Niños and La Niñas from 1980 to present - seen in longitude-time plots of equatorial sea surface temperature and anomalies
- The NINO3.4 ENSO Index from 1950 to present
- YouTube videos:
- Evolution of the 2009-2010 El Niño, the strongest "Central Pacific" El Niño in the past 3 decades, with maximum warming in the central equatorial Pacific (vs the classic El Niño, like 1997-1998, with maximum warming in the eastern tropical Pacific).
- The 2014 El Niño that wasn't
- Explaining the 2014-2015 El Niño
Realtime conditions 'At a Glance'
- State of the equatorial Pacific Ocean at one glance in time-longitude plots of East-West wind, sea surface temperature, and thermocline depth
- Upper ocean heat content and ENSO
Understanding El Niño predictions
- Plume of Model Predictions - current ENSO forecasts from the IRI
- YouTube video - El Niño is predictable -- also see the Upper Ocean Heat Content and Warm Water Volume (with realtime data graphics and downloads), as discussed in the video.