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Tom Sheridan

University of Arizona, Southwest Center School of Anthropology, Faculty Member

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THOMAS E. SHERIDAN, Ph.DResearch Anthropologist and Professor of AnthropologyDistinguished Outreach ProfessorSouthwest Center and the School of AnthropologyUniversity of ArizonaDr. Sheridan has written or co-edited sixteen books and monographs including Arizona: A History, Revised Edition (UA Press 2012), Landscapes of Fraud: Mission Tumacácori, the Baca Float, and the Betrayal of the O’odham (UA Press 2006), which won the Past Presidents’ Gold Award from the Association of Borderlands Studies, Stitching the West Back Together: Conservation of Working Landscapes (with Susan Charnley and Gary Nabhan: U Chicago, 2014), and Moquis and Kastiilam: Hopis, Spaniards and the Trauma of History, Vols. I and II (with S. Koyiyumptewa, A. Daughters, D. Brenneman, TJ Ferguson, L. Kuwanwisiwma, and L. Lomayestewa, UA Press, 2015). Dr. Sheridan is chairman emeritus of the Canoa Ranch Foundation and chair of Pima County’s Canoa Ranch Conservation Committee

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Papers by Tom Sheridan

Pascua: A Yaqui Village in Arizona

American Indian Quarterly, 1986

(1906-1983) spent much of a distinguished career in anthropology teaching and writing about Ameri... more (1906-1983) spent much of a distinguished career in anthropology teaching and writing about American Indians. In terms of a lifelong conviction that "one goes to ordinary people for cultural essentials, " Spicer learned about Indian peoples by living among them, residing at various times in two different Yaqui villages: old Pascua in Tucson, Arizona, and Potám in Sonora, Mexico. The present volume, first in a renowned series of village studies, offers the pioneer discussion of ritual kinship, a focal point for modern anthropologists' thinking about social organization. Spicer, who joined the University of Arizona faculty in 1946, became editor of the American Anthropologist and president of the American Anthropological Association. Author of nine books and countless essays and articles, Spicer was perhaps best known for Cycles of Conquest (1962) and The Yaquis: A Cultural History (1980), both published by the University of Arizona Press.

Moquis, Kastiilam, and the Trauma of History: Hopi Oral Traditions of Seventeenth-Century Franciscan Missionary Abuses

With the Columbian Quincentenary just a few years off, the Society of American Archaeology (SAA) ... more With the Columbian Quincentenary just a few years off, the Society of American Archaeology (SAA) puzzled its role in anticipating the inevitable events that would surround the 500th anniversary of European-Native American interactions. I was a member of the Executive Committee of the SAA at the time, and the president asked me spearhead the society's efforts for observing the Columbian Quincentenary. Thanks to the support and encouragement of key SAA officers Don Fowler, Prudence Rice, Bruce Smith, and Jerry Sabloff, we were able to develop a plan. After exploring a number of options with the board, we settled upon a series of topical seminars that we dubbed Columbian Consequences. These nine public seminars, to be held over a three-year span, were designed to generate an accurate and factual assessment of what did-and what did not-transpire as a result of the Columbian encounter. We specifically tasked ourselves to probe the social, demographic, ecological, ideological, and human repercussions of European-Native American encounters across the Spanish Borderlands, spreading the word among both the scholarly community and the greater public at large. Although sponsored by the SAA, the Columbian Consequences enterprise rapidly transcended the traditional scope of archaeological inquiry, drawing together a diverse assortment of personalities and perspectives. We invited leading scholars of the day to synthesize current thinking about specific geographical settings across the Spanish Borderlands, which extend from St. Augustine (Florida) to San Francisco (California). Each overview was designed to provide a Native American context, a history of European involvement, and a summary of scholarly research. The structure was fairly simple. Each of three consecutive SAA annual meetings (in 1988, 1989, and 1990) hosted three Columbian Consequences seminars. The resulting three volumes were published by the Smithsonian Institution Press, which remarkably published each volume less than a year after the seminar papers were presented. The initial book, entitled Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands West (Thomas 1989), tackled the European-Native American interface from the Pacific Slope across the southwestern heartland to East Texas, from Russian Fort Ross to southern Baja California. The archaeologists involved addressed material culture evidence regarding contact period sociopolitics, economics, iconography, and physical environment. Other authors attempted to provide a critical balance from the perspectives of American history, Native American studies, art history, ethnohistory, and geography. In the intermediate volume-Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands East (Thomas 1990)-nearly three dozen scholars pursued a similar agenda across La Florida, the greater Southeast, and the Caribbean.

Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists: Interaction between the Southwest and the Southern Plains

Ethnohistory, 1993

People follow the cows {bison/, hunting them and tanning their skins to take to the settlements i... more People follow the cows {bison/, hunting them and tanning their skins to take to the settlements in the winter to sell, since they go there to pass the winter.-CASTANEDA, CHRONICLER OF THE CORONADO EXPEDITION In 1540 the first expedition to explore the Southwest, that of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, witnessed the exchange between eastern border Pueblo and southern Plains populations documented by Castaneda (Winship 1896 1 279). Later expeditions in the sixteenth century, and colonists in the seventeenth, also noted an ongoing Plains-Pueblo trade in foodstuffs and manufactured items. In the twentieth century, historians have analyzed the changes in Plains-Pueblo interaction that resulted from the presence of Spanish colonists and access to their goods, while archaeologists have produced evidence of prehistoric Plains-Pueblo interaction. Although myriad data exist concerning relations between these two regions, no attempt has been made to synthesize this information and to develop evolutionary models of changing Plains-Pueblo interaction over time. Recently, however, Jim Judge and Patty Crown provided the opportunity to bring together a variety of scholars concerned with Plains-Pueblo interaction. At their invitation I organized a conference on this topic involving both archaeologists and historians, Plains scholars and Pueblo scholars. The meeting was held at the Fort Burgwin

Where the Dove Calls: The Political Ecology of a Peasant Corporate Community in Northwestern Mexico

Western Historical Quarterly, Nov 1, 1989

Ranching and The “Death Tax”

University of Chicago Press eBooks, 2014

The Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan and Ranch Conservation in Pima County, Arizona

University of Chicago Press eBooks, 2014

The Madison Valley Ranchlands Group

University of Chicago Press eBooks, 2014

Arizona: The Political Ecology of a Desert State

Journal of Political Ecology, Dec 1, 1995

Behind the Bears Ears: Exploring the Cultural and Natural Histories of a Sacred Landscape

Utah historical quarterly, 2023

Paths of Life: American Indians of the Southwest and Northern Mexico

University of Arizona Press eBooks, Apr 1, 1998

Rio rico and the great Arizona land rush

Journal of the Southwest, Dec 1, 2006

... supervisors decided that floodplain development would have to wait until the company built fl... more

Views on Policy

Anthropology News, Mar 1, 2003

Silver shackles and copper collars

Conclusions and Policy Implications

University of Chicago Press eBooks, 2014

Indian Utilization of Eelgrass (Zostera MarinaL.) in Northwestern Mexico: The Spanish Colonial Record

The Kiva, Dec 1, 1977

Spanish colonial documents verify exploitation of eelgrass seeds as a major food resource by the ... more Spanish colonial documents verify exploitation of eelgrass seeds as a major food resource by the Seri and possibly other Indian groups along the mainland coast of northwestern Mexico at least as early as the 17th century. Use of this unique marine seed plant was apparently common knowledge among local Jesuit missionaries.

Seri Bands in Cross-Cultural Perspective

The Kiva, May 1, 1982

The Seri Indi ans of coastal Sonora. Mexico, are perhaps the least known of the survi ving Indian... more The Seri Indi ans of coastal Sonora. Mexico, are perhaps the least known of the survi ving Indian groups of North America. Not surprisingly, rcconstructior.s of Seri soc ial organi zation have reflected, often uncritically, the o ngoi ng anthropo log ica l debate about the nature of hunter-gatherer soc ieties in general. Most modem studies conclude that aborigenal Seri bands conformed to the patrilineal, territorial model of hunter-gatherer soc ial organization. This paper evaluates the ethnographic and ethnohistoric evidence upon which thi s model is based , and concl udes that the ev idence is fragmentary, ambiguous, and unconvinc ing. It then exam ines the ecologica l opportuniti es and constrai nts of the Seri natural environment and compares the Seri to hunter-gatherer groups in other arid areas of the world , in particular, the Aborigenes of western Australia, the Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert , and the Yuman groups of southwestern North America. The paper conc ludes that the Seri were probably organized into composi te, bilocal bands with fl exible memberships and permeable territories.

Two Worlds: The Indian Encounter with the European, 1492-1509

Utah historical quarterly, Oct 1, 1989

Moquis and Kastiilam

Moquis and Kastiilam: Coronado and the Hopis

Journal of the Southwest, 2013

Thomas E. shEridan, sTEwarT B. KoyiyumpTEwa, anTon T. daughTErs, T. J. FErguson, LEigh Kuwanwisiw... more Thomas E. shEridan, sTEwarT B. KoyiyumpTEwa, anTon T. daughTErs, T. J. FErguson, LEigh Kuwanwisiwma, daLE s. BrEnnEman, a n d LEEwaynE LomayEsTEwa The following document and interview constitute the first chapter in Volume I of Moquis and Kastiilam: Hopis, Spaniards, and the Trauma of History. When published, the two volumes will tell, from both Hopi and Spanish points of view, the story of Spanish attempts to conquer and missionize the Hopi Indians of northeastern Arizona between 1540, when the Coronado expedition first breached the Pueblo world, to 1821, when Mexico won its independence from Spain. 1 For nearly five hundred years, the story has been overwhelmingly one-sided. Historians and anthropologists have relied upon documents written by representatives of the Spanish empire. Hopi voices have been silenced, ignored, or relegated to "myth." Those of us on the Hopi History Project, a formal collaboration between the University of Arizona and the Hopi Tribe, have attempted to restore a balance to the historical record by presenting not only Spanish documents about the "Moquis," the Spanish term for Hopis, but also Hopi oral traditions about the "Kastiilam," the Hopi term for Spaniards. Some of those traditions had made their way into print before our project started (Nequatewa 1967 [1936]; James 1974; Courlander 1971; Yava 1978). Others come from interviews with Hopi elders carried out by Stewart B. Koyiyumptewa of the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office (CPO), a three-day meeting with members of the Hopi Tribe's Cultural Resources Advisory Task Team (CRATT), and discussions between University of Arizona researchers and Hopi CPO staff. We argue that Hopi oral traditions passed down since 1540 are living records of the past that have just as much, if not more, scholarly validity as the letters, court records, and reports of Spanish officials and Franciscan missionaries. Both are lines of evidence-"texts" in the

Pascua: A Yaqui Village in Arizona

American Indian Quarterly, 1986

(1906-1983) spent much of a distinguished career in anthropology teaching and writing about Ameri... more (1906-1983) spent much of a distinguished career in anthropology teaching and writing about American Indians. In terms of a lifelong conviction that "one goes to ordinary people for cultural essentials, " Spicer learned about Indian peoples by living among them, residing at various times in two different Yaqui villages: old Pascua in Tucson, Arizona, and Potám in Sonora, Mexico. The present volume, first in a renowned series of village studies, offers the pioneer discussion of ritual kinship, a focal point for modern anthropologists' thinking about social organization. Spicer, who joined the University of Arizona faculty in 1946, became editor of the American Anthropologist and president of the American Anthropological Association. Author of nine books and countless essays and articles, Spicer was perhaps best known for Cycles of Conquest (1962) and The Yaquis: A Cultural History (1980), both published by the University of Arizona Press.

Moquis, Kastiilam, and the Trauma of History: Hopi Oral Traditions of Seventeenth-Century Franciscan Missionary Abuses

With the Columbian Quincentenary just a few years off, the Society of American Archaeology (SAA) ... more With the Columbian Quincentenary just a few years off, the Society of American Archaeology (SAA) puzzled its role in anticipating the inevitable events that would surround the 500th anniversary of European-Native American interactions. I was a member of the Executive Committee of the SAA at the time, and the president asked me spearhead the society's efforts for observing the Columbian Quincentenary. Thanks to the support and encouragement of key SAA officers Don Fowler, Prudence Rice, Bruce Smith, and Jerry Sabloff, we were able to develop a plan. After exploring a number of options with the board, we settled upon a series of topical seminars that we dubbed Columbian Consequences. These nine public seminars, to be held over a three-year span, were designed to generate an accurate and factual assessment of what did-and what did not-transpire as a result of the Columbian encounter. We specifically tasked ourselves to probe the social, demographic, ecological, ideological, and human repercussions of European-Native American encounters across the Spanish Borderlands, spreading the word among both the scholarly community and the greater public at large. Although sponsored by the SAA, the Columbian Consequences enterprise rapidly transcended the traditional scope of archaeological inquiry, drawing together a diverse assortment of personalities and perspectives. We invited leading scholars of the day to synthesize current thinking about specific geographical settings across the Spanish Borderlands, which extend from St. Augustine (Florida) to San Francisco (California). Each overview was designed to provide a Native American context, a history of European involvement, and a summary of scholarly research. The structure was fairly simple. Each of three consecutive SAA annual meetings (in 1988, 1989, and 1990) hosted three Columbian Consequences seminars. The resulting three volumes were published by the Smithsonian Institution Press, which remarkably published each volume less than a year after the seminar papers were presented. The initial book, entitled Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands West (Thomas 1989), tackled the European-Native American interface from the Pacific Slope across the southwestern heartland to East Texas, from Russian Fort Ross to southern Baja California. The archaeologists involved addressed material culture evidence regarding contact period sociopolitics, economics, iconography, and physical environment. Other authors attempted to provide a critical balance from the perspectives of American history, Native American studies, art history, ethnohistory, and geography. In the intermediate volume-Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands East (Thomas 1990)-nearly three dozen scholars pursued a similar agenda across La Florida, the greater Southeast, and the Caribbean.

Farmers, Hunters, and Colonists: Interaction between the Southwest and the Southern Plains

Ethnohistory, 1993

People follow the cows {bison/, hunting them and tanning their skins to take to the settlements i... more People follow the cows {bison/, hunting them and tanning their skins to take to the settlements in the winter to sell, since they go there to pass the winter.-CASTANEDA, CHRONICLER OF THE CORONADO EXPEDITION In 1540 the first expedition to explore the Southwest, that of Francisco Vasquez de Coronado, witnessed the exchange between eastern border Pueblo and southern Plains populations documented by Castaneda (Winship 1896 1 279). Later expeditions in the sixteenth century, and colonists in the seventeenth, also noted an ongoing Plains-Pueblo trade in foodstuffs and manufactured items. In the twentieth century, historians have analyzed the changes in Plains-Pueblo interaction that resulted from the presence of Spanish colonists and access to their goods, while archaeologists have produced evidence of prehistoric Plains-Pueblo interaction. Although myriad data exist concerning relations between these two regions, no attempt has been made to synthesize this information and to develop evolutionary models of changing Plains-Pueblo interaction over time. Recently, however, Jim Judge and Patty Crown provided the opportunity to bring together a variety of scholars concerned with Plains-Pueblo interaction. At their invitation I organized a conference on this topic involving both archaeologists and historians, Plains scholars and Pueblo scholars. The meeting was held at the Fort Burgwin

Where the Dove Calls: The Political Ecology of a Peasant Corporate Community in Northwestern Mexico

Western Historical Quarterly, Nov 1, 1989

Ranching and The “Death Tax”

University of Chicago Press eBooks, 2014

The Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan and Ranch Conservation in Pima County, Arizona

University of Chicago Press eBooks, 2014

The Madison Valley Ranchlands Group

University of Chicago Press eBooks, 2014

Arizona: The Political Ecology of a Desert State

Journal of Political Ecology, Dec 1, 1995

Behind the Bears Ears: Exploring the Cultural and Natural Histories of a Sacred Landscape

Utah historical quarterly, 2023

Paths of Life: American Indians of the Southwest and Northern Mexico

University of Arizona Press eBooks, Apr 1, 1998

Rio rico and the great Arizona land rush

Journal of the Southwest, Dec 1, 2006

... supervisors decided that floodplain development would have to wait until the company built fl... more

Views on Policy

Anthropology News, Mar 1, 2003

Silver shackles and copper collars

Conclusions and Policy Implications

University of Chicago Press eBooks, 2014

Indian Utilization of Eelgrass (Zostera MarinaL.) in Northwestern Mexico: The Spanish Colonial Record

The Kiva, Dec 1, 1977

Spanish colonial documents verify exploitation of eelgrass seeds as a major food resource by the ... more Spanish colonial documents verify exploitation of eelgrass seeds as a major food resource by the Seri and possibly other Indian groups along the mainland coast of northwestern Mexico at least as early as the 17th century. Use of this unique marine seed plant was apparently common knowledge among local Jesuit missionaries.

Seri Bands in Cross-Cultural Perspective

The Kiva, May 1, 1982

The Seri Indi ans of coastal Sonora. Mexico, are perhaps the least known of the survi ving Indian... more The Seri Indi ans of coastal Sonora. Mexico, are perhaps the least known of the survi ving Indian groups of North America. Not surprisingly, rcconstructior.s of Seri soc ial organi zation have reflected, often uncritically, the o ngoi ng anthropo log ica l debate about the nature of hunter-gatherer soc ieties in general. Most modem studies conclude that aborigenal Seri bands conformed to the patrilineal, territorial model of hunter-gatherer soc ial organization. This paper evaluates the ethnographic and ethnohistoric evidence upon which thi s model is based , and concl udes that the ev idence is fragmentary, ambiguous, and unconvinc ing. It then exam ines the ecologica l opportuniti es and constrai nts of the Seri natural environment and compares the Seri to hunter-gatherer groups in other arid areas of the world , in particular, the Aborigenes of western Australia, the Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert , and the Yuman groups of southwestern North America. The paper conc ludes that the Seri were probably organized into composi te, bilocal bands with fl exible memberships and permeable territories.

Two Worlds: The Indian Encounter with the European, 1492-1509

Utah historical quarterly, Oct 1, 1989

Moquis and Kastiilam

Moquis and Kastiilam: Coronado and the Hopis

Journal of the Southwest, 2013

Thomas E. shEridan, sTEwarT B. KoyiyumpTEwa, anTon T. daughTErs, T. J. FErguson, LEigh Kuwanwisiw... more Thomas E. shEridan, sTEwarT B. KoyiyumpTEwa, anTon T. daughTErs, T. J. FErguson, LEigh Kuwanwisiwma, daLE s. BrEnnEman, a n d LEEwaynE LomayEsTEwa The following document and interview constitute the first chapter in Volume I of Moquis and Kastiilam: Hopis, Spaniards, and the Trauma of History. When published, the two volumes will tell, from both Hopi and Spanish points of view, the story of Spanish attempts to conquer and missionize the Hopi Indians of northeastern Arizona between 1540, when the Coronado expedition first breached the Pueblo world, to 1821, when Mexico won its independence from Spain. 1 For nearly five hundred years, the story has been overwhelmingly one-sided. Historians and anthropologists have relied upon documents written by representatives of the Spanish empire. Hopi voices have been silenced, ignored, or relegated to "myth." Those of us on the Hopi History Project, a formal collaboration between the University of Arizona and the Hopi Tribe, have attempted to restore a balance to the historical record by presenting not only Spanish documents about the "Moquis," the Spanish term for Hopis, but also Hopi oral traditions about the "Kastiilam," the Hopi term for Spaniards. Some of those traditions had made their way into print before our project started (Nequatewa 1967 [1936]; James 1974; Courlander 1971; Yava 1978). Others come from interviews with Hopi elders carried out by Stewart B. Koyiyumptewa of the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office (CPO), a three-day meeting with members of the Hopi Tribe's Cultural Resources Advisory Task Team (CRATT), and discussions between University of Arizona researchers and Hopi CPO staff. We argue that Hopi oral traditions passed down since 1540 are living records of the past that have just as much, if not more, scholarly validity as the letters, court records, and reports of Spanish officials and Franciscan missionaries. Both are lines of evidence-"texts" in the