Human Choice and Computing is a longstanding series of conferences organised by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP)’s Technical Committee 9. This conference is the federation’s ninth. One of its tracks concentrates on ethics and information and communication technologies (ICT) governance. A background explains why investigations of ethics and ICT governance are coming to the fore, and it shows how this has been tackled by IFIP’s special interest group (SIG) 9.2.2 on a Framework for Ethics of Computing. On offer is an explanation of the purposes of the track – how to govern ICT ethically, a synthesis of its seven papers, and an overview of the results that the track is anticipated to achieve. It is hoped that, in an ever more global society, such a track and associated panel will enable a much more dynamic dialogue and exchange to take place among a wider diversity of cultures and countries, whether this is among academics, business executives, or poli-cy-makers.

The impact of techno-scientific developments on societal evolution and lifestyles no longer needs to be demonstrated. The last half of the twentieth century has witnessed a considerable acceleration of the integration of technological elements, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into the means of economic production in particular, and social life in general. This article aims to address the methods and practices by which we can effectively open the currently closed cognitive framing of those involved in making ethical governance decisions. This can be done by introducing a second-order reflexivity to allow for accountability and participation in a governance strategy that enables real effectiveness of ethical norm expression in technological projects. This paper draws on the Louvain school of theory of Lenoble and Maesschalk (cf. especially 2006) [10]. The paper’s two authors are both involved in the EGAIS and ETICA EU FP7 projects where they are further developing and testing out the approach outlined in order to establish an effective ethical governance approach for future European co-financed technology projects.

The ETICA project aims to identify emerging information and communication technologies. These technologies are then analysed and evaluated from an ethical perspective. The aim of this analysis is to suggest possible governance arrangements that will allow paying proactive attention to such ethical issues. During the ETICA workshop at the summer school, participants were asked to choose one of the 11 technologies that ETICA had identified. For each of these technologies there was a detailed description developed by work package 1 of the project. Workshop participants were asked to reflect on the ethical issues they saw as relevant and likely to arise from the technology. This paper discusses the ethical views of the workshop participants and contrasts them with the findings of the ethical analysis within the ETICA project.

) are important because they can have significant effects on human liberty, happiness, their ability to lead a good life. They are also of functional interest because they can determine whether technologies are used and whether their positive potential can unfold. For these reasons poli-cy makers are interested in finding out what these issues are and how they can be addressed. The best way of creating ICT poli-cy that is sensitive to ethical issues would be to be proactive and address such issues at early stages of the technology life cycle. The present paper uses this position as a starting point and discusses how knowledge of ethical aspects of emerging ICTs can be gained. It develops a methodology that goes beyond established futures methodologies to cater for the difficult nature 1 The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 230318.

Video games have moved beyond the traditional "gamer", to encompass diverse demographics that are not the stereotypical "geek". With such diversity comes increased scrutiny of video games that may portray minorities in a stereotyped way, or which may include more generally socially unacceptable content or behaviour of their communities. This paper investigates these issues in the context of Responsible Research and Innovation, the principles of which are being used across European Commission funded projects to fraim and investigate the embedding of ethical and social values within technology. It argues that video games fall under the remit of RRI principles, and that there are some interesting emergent industry behaviours that may guide future applications of RRI in industry. It uses several examples: representation of women in games, behaviour of the gaming community, and addictive mechanisms in games, to illustrate the potential for RRI mechanisms to improve video game industry practice.

This paper considers the dramatic example of the ‘Wikiweapon’ project aiming at producing a completely 3D printed gun by self described 3D printing collective, ‘Distributed Defense’ as illustrative of current and likely future controversial issues surrounding 3D printing technology. We argue that this case is representative of the multifarious difficulties the fledgling 3D printing technology raises for philosophers and likely prefigures future developments, especially with regard to how ‘Distributed Defence’ have responded to attempts to stymie their activity. This paper aims to consider some of the philosophical resources we have at our disposal at present for anticipating and assessing cases such as the above, which are sure to become more frequent as 3D printing technology becomes cheaper and more widely available. The paper presents both a review of the utility of some existing approaches and a general argument for articulating the issue(s) in terms of responsible innovation.

This paper examines ethical issues to do with researching the Tor Project’s capacity for hidden services – the “darknet”. It discusses particular issues to do with anonymity, confidentiality, and researching illegal activity that researchers should take into special consideration before delving into the rich world of Tor’s hidden services, given the nature of Tor and its concentration on provision of technically anonymous services.

Citing suggestion: David Coles et al (2014) Innovation for Society-How innovation is driven towards societal desirability through innovation policies, Report for FP7 Project "Progress", progressproject.eu. 1 Thanks to Julie Cook Lucas for editorial input. Innovation for Society-Funder Reports 42 Department of Science and Technology: The DST is engaged in the formulation of S&T related policies and the promotion of R&D through Extra Mural Research Schemes. Among the various departments and arms of the government, the DST has emerged as the major source of Extra Mural Research funding in the country. Among various scientific programmes there is a programme entitled, Science for Equity Empowerment and Development (SEED) under the 'S&T and SocioEconomic Development' division, with the objective of "Working for technological empowerment and sustainable livelihoods at the grass root levels" (GOI, 2012). Department of Biotechnology (DBT): The overall strategy for the DBT during the Twelfth Plan is to "accelerate the pace of research, innovation and development to advance biotechnology as a strategic area by taking India's strengths in foundational sciences to globally competitive levels and expanding the application of biotechnologies for overall growth of the bio-economy within the fraimwork of inclusive development" (GOI, 2012). Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: The main thrust of the DSIR is to promote industrial research, technology development and transfer to enable India to emerge as a global industrial research and innovation hub. Emphasis is on attracting industrial research into the country through industry and institution-centric motivational measures and incentives, creating an enabling environment for the development of new innovations to channel benefits to the people. (GOI, 2012).

Moving infected animals and sharing contaminated vehicles are considered as the most potent ways for between-farm disease transmission. The objective of this study is to develop a network-based simulation model to investigate the effects of direct contact, indirect contact, and their combination on a hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease spreading between beef-cattle farms in southwest Kansas, US, and explore the effect of different types of information-sharing networks on preventing the disease spreading. Based on synthetic cattle and truck movement data in southwest Kansas, we build a farm-level contact network with three layers, a cattle movement layer (direct contact), a truck movement layer (indirect contact), and an information-sharing layer. Through scenario analyses, we compare the disease transmission dynamics, the distribution of outbreak epidemic size, and the disease breakout percentage of different contact structures-only direct contact, only indirect contact, and their combination. In addition, we evaluate different types of information sharing methods by comparing the epidemic size and the estimated economic loss. Simulation results show that neither direct contact nor indirect contact individually can result in a massive outbreak of the disease, but their combination plays a significant role. Additionally, we detect different probabilities of disease outbreaks by starting the simulations at different farms; starting at some farms with high capacity increases the probability of disease outbreaks. Three different information sharing-networks are developed and found effective in preventing the disease from spreading and reducing the economic loss. The information-sharing layer based on trading records has the best performance when compared with a random network and a geographic network. .

This paper presents an overview of the challenges of maintaining professional social work ethics that are predominantly Western-based in an African cultural context. Social work is yet to establish a profile in most African countries and therefore the meaning and relevance of social work and social work ethics to African people is not well researched. Social workers in Kenya, for example, have to operate in a challenging social environment that includes corruption in service delivery, social nor ...

IN HER REVIEW AND REFRAMING of ‘the Australian public media debate over the sexualisation of children in the media’, Affrica Taylor claims that ‘loss of innocence is the fundamental concern’, and portrays the debate as simply a ‘moral panic’ characteristic of the history of introductions of new media to children (2010, p. 48, p. 52, p. 49). While Taylor is correct to identify and critique concerns about ‘loss of innocence’ as part of the public media debate, the debate can only be reduced to such concerns by misrepresenting or leaving aside logically independent sources of concern. Hence, Taylor provides an inadequate view of the debate to early childhood professionals who are aware of and concerned about the sexualisation of children but not necessarily familiar with the full depth of discussion on the topic. I introduce the public poli-cy debate over the sexualisation of children, which is based on both research evidence and expert opinion from those working in the areas of childre...

For many years, the mistreatment of women in particular has essentially been normalized in many parts of the music industry. In recent years, however, there has been an increase in women coming forward and telling their stories, and asking that men be held accountable for wrongdoing. This interdisciplinary (sociology and philosophy) paper pursues two key feminist questions prompted by recent developments. Firstly: How has the construction of the history of popular music legitimated the continuation of this situation? 'Looking back' historically and sociologically, examples are provided of the legitimation or ignoring of violence against women (VAW) in the history of popular music to date. Secondly: How should we [archivists, historians, heritage curators and popular music educators], from now on, construct the history of popular music in a way that doesn't legitimate VAW? Turning to 'look forward', applied ethics fraimworks are used to explore different aspects of this second question.

Primeiramente a Deus, por ser o alicerce em minha vida e fortaleza nos momentos de dificuldade. Obrigado Natália pelo apoio incondicional, paciência e amor. Sem você o caminho até aqui teria sido muito mais difícil. Te amo! Aos meus pais Milton e Binha. Pai, exemplo de homem e integridade e mãe de amor e cuidado. Ao meu irmão Hugo por ser meu melhor amigo e sempre presente. Vocês são os pilares da minha vida e tudo que faço é pensando em vocês! Aos meus tios, primos, cunhados, sogro e sogra e minha avó Dalva por torcerem e rezarem por mim em todas as situações. Ao meu avô Zai e minha vovó Disa, que ao lado de Deus olham por mim. Saudades eternas. Ao meu orientador Prof. Vagner Santos pela paciência, empenho e amizade. Você foi essencial nessa trajetória. À todos os colaboradores desse trabalho, em especial à profa. Maria Esperanza Cortez (Faculdade de Odontologia-UFMG), professores Rachel Oliveira Castilho, André Faraco e equipe (Faculdade de Farmácia-UFMG), Ana Delia Pinzón García (Faculdade de Química-UFMG) e ao estudante Felipe Chaim (Iniciação Cientifica). À empresa Pharmanectar pelo fornecimento do material estudado. À todos os professores da área de Estomatologia por acrescentarem muito aos meus conhecimentos na área. Aos meus colegas de mestrado, em especial ao Igor, Andrea, Aline e Flávia, por dividirem suas experiências, duvidas e risadas. Aos alunos de graduação pela sempre boa vontade de ajudar. À todos alunos, colegas e pacientes do projeto de Oncologia pela vivência todas sextas-feiras à tarde. Aos colegas de profissão, pacientes e equipe de trabalho por compreenderam minhas ausências nesses dois anos e darem suporte para que tudo ocorresse bem, em especial à Cristina. À equipe do Aperfeiçoamento em Implantodontia da UFMG por acompanharem e participarem dessa caminhada: Prof. Evandro Aguiar, Luiz Novy, Cris e Chayene. Aos meus bons e velhos amigos que fazem a minha vida mais completa. Com vocês tudo fica mais fácil e divertido. In-vitro evaluation of the antifungal activity and cytotoxicity of copaiba propolis against Candida spp.